Chapter 92 Zhang Chunqiao "questioned" Peng Wenying

The "thug" Zhang Chunqiao, under the pseudonym "Wu Song", beat Chen Renbing with a stick, and then under the pseudonym "Chang Shu", he beat Peng Wenying with a stick. That was on July 19, 1957. An article signed by "Chang Shu" was published in Shanghai's "Liberation Daily", and the title was aggressive: "Questioning Peng Wenying". Zhang Chunqiao wrote: Peng Wenying has now changed his tactics.It turned out that he and his group had agreed on three tricks: one is not to speak, the other is to talk a little, and the three are debates.It is believed that with these three items, it is enough to defeat the enemy and win the victory.The development of the current situation was contrary to their estimation, and the three tricks failed.It’s no good not to talk; it’s useless to talk a little bit, hiding your head and showing your tail; in a big debate, you can’t show anything and dare not appear on the stage.So I changed my tactics, saying that some words were wrong, this is true, it is an ideological problem, not a political problem; it is said that there are only words and no actions.Peng Wenying said: "I can use "all my life, personality, and children to be responsible for the guarantee" that I am not a rightist, and I have never been anti-communist, anti-people, or anti-socialism.

Is this guarantee believable?No, this is total deception. Who is leftist and who is rightist, there are words and actions to check... Peng Wenying, a "big rightist" who became famous in Shanghai in 1957.In addition to publishing Zhang Chunqiao's "Interrogation of Peng Wenying", Shanghai's "Liberation Daily" published nearly twenty articles criticizing Peng Wenying in just three months: June 19, "Peng Wen should have serious anti-Party words and deeds, members of the NLD Shanghai Municipal Party Committee should expose them"; June 22, "Anti-Party Hero Peng Wenying";

July 5th, "Peng Wenying Uses Inspection to Find Kindling"; July 13, "A Brief Comment on Peng Wenying's Great March"; July 14, "What Peng Wenying Said on South Zhejiang Road"; July 21, "Peng Wenying's "Too Much" and "Insufficient""; ... Peng Wenying, member of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League, deputy chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the China Democratic League, and member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai CPPCC.In addition to being severely criticized by the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee's official newspaper "Liberation Daily", he was also bombarded by various newspapers.

On August 11, 1957, "People's Daily" published "Peng Wenying is the first-class hero of Luo Longji" for the Zhang-Luo Alliance. On July 26, "China Youth Daily" published "The Face of Rightist Peng Wenying", calling Peng Wenying "Luo Longji's second general in Shanghai".It goes without saying that the "first general" refers to Chen Renbing. It can also be seen from Mao Zedong's speech "Repelling the Attack of the Bourgeois Rightists" at the Shanghai Cadre Meeting on July 9, 1957, that Chen Renbing was mentioned, and Peng Wenying was mentioned immediately after.

On August 2, 1957, Shanghai published the "Summary of the Reactionary Speeches of the Rightist Peng Wenying", which was divided into eight categories, and the content was very "rich". In order to understand Peng Wenying, the author interviewed Mr. Peng Zhiyi, the son of Peng Wenying, on April 13, 1986. It is reported that Peng Wenying is from the family of Anfu, Jiangxi, and is from the same hometown as Luo Longji and Wang Zaoshi.Peng Wenying was born in 1904.Talented and intelligent, he was admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in America at the age of thirteen, where he was classmates with Luo Longji and Wang Zaoshi.In this way, he and Luo Longji and Wang Zaoshi were from the same hometown and were classmates.

Peng Wenying participated in the "May 4th Movement".In 1925, at the age of 21, he went to the United States to study and received a master's degree in political science.He returned to China in 1932 and served as a professor at Shanghai Law School and Guanghua University.Joined the China Democratic League in 1946.In 1947, when the China Democratic League was declared an "illegal group" by the Kuomintang, he served as the chairman of the Shanghai underground branch of the China Democratic League. In early 1985, I interviewed Mr. Pan Dakui, member of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League and chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Democratic League in Chengdu, Sichuan.He once gave me his article "We Can't Forget Peng Wenying".In it, there is a passage about Peng Wenying's relationship with Zhou Enlai, which left a deep impression on me:

In the early 1930s, Wen Ying was in Shanghai. One day, he went to see a friend and had a conversation with him. Suddenly, a handsome and uninvited visitor in a suit came to visit.Seeing a stranger in the guest room, he refused to enter, and only whispered a few words to Wen Ying's friend in the aisle, and Wen Ying's friend immediately ran into the bedroom to look for something. The door of the guest room was open, and Wen Yinghe stood The guests in suits in the aisle had exchanged glances with each other, but because they had not been introduced, and the faces of the guests in suits were extremely serious, they did not greet each other, let alone talk.After about a minute or two, Wen Ying's friend hurried back to the guest room, and said to Wen Ying, "This visitor has an urgent need. Unfortunately, my wife took all the money and keys with me to the street. Ask Wen Ying for help." Should I have any money on me?Wen Ying immediately gave everything to his friend, and his friend immediately handed it to the suit customer waiting in the aisle before counting it.The guest didn't speak any more, and didn't ask for the amount of money. After taking the money, he put the money into the pocket inside his coat, nodded his head to the person who gave the bag, and left in a hurry.Wen Ying's friend sent the guest back, and only then did he tell Wen Ying the inside story.It turned out that this guest in a suit was Zhou Enlai, who was being offered a huge reward by the authorities for his arrest. Because an underground comrade was arrested at dawn that day, if he bribed through connections, he would be exempted from being sent to the police headquarters.Comrade Wen Ying recalled that the money was not much, about 100 yuan today, and it was long forgotten after the incident.Unexpectedly, after so many years, Premier Zhou not only never forgot the incident, but also remembered the appearance of Comrade Wen Ying.Not long after Shanghai was liberated, Premier Zhou visited Shanghai. Comrade Chen Yi of the Shanghai Naval Management Committee held a symposium for this purpose, and Wen was invited to attend.When the Prime Minister spoke at the meeting, Wen Ying felt that the Prime Minister seemed to pay special attention to him; he also thought it might be a subjective illusion, because he had never had any contact with the Prime Minister.When the meeting adjourned, the Prime Minister hurried to Wen Ying, called him "Mr. Peng", and shook hands with him warmly.Wen Yingzheng was astonished. The Prime Minister had already recalled this incident to him in the early 1930s.At this time, Boss Chen approached the Prime Minister, and the Prime Minister solemnly introduced to Chen that this Mr. Peng had helped us when we were in trouble, and he asked Boss Chen to remember this friend.Afterwards, Boss Chen and Wen Ying met twice.When Boss Chen was transferred to Beijing, he said goodbye to Wen Ying, and sincerely hoped that Wen Ying would have the opportunity to come to Beijing in the future, so please let us know so that we can get together again.Once Wen Ying went to Beijing for a meeting and had a phone call with Boss Chen. Boss Chen invited Wen Ying to come to his house for dinner. ①

I asked Mr. Pan Dakui the origin of this story, and he said he heard it from Mr. Chen Xingui. So, on November 24, 1986, when I was interviewing Mr. Chen Xingui in Beijing, I asked him to tell how he heard the story. Chen Xingui told me that shortly after Chen Yi was transferred to the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Peng Wenying came to Beijing from Shanghai and lived in the DLD dormitory in Taiping Hutong, which used to be the mansion of Beiyang President Xu Shichang.One late night, Chen Xingui was working at his desk in the office. In the silence, he heard car horns, doors opening, and leather shoes rattling.Chen Xingui saw that it was Peng Wenying who had returned with a happy face.Chen Xingui asked him where he came from?Peng Wenying had to tell the truth that he came from Boss Chen, and Chen Yi invited him to dinner.Chen Xingui was so strange, how did Peng Wenying know Chen Yi so well?So I kept asking.Under the questioning of his old friend, Peng Wenying had no choice but to tell the story about Zhou Enlai—on weekdays, Peng Wenying never talked about human nature and this matter...

However, in 1957, the situation changed, and Peng Wenying was attacked. Peng Wenying is an outspoken person, and his various remarks in the big talk have become "rightist" remarks: "Learning from the Soviet Union is not necessarily good, and learning from the United States is not necessarily bad." "In recent years, the news published in Shanghai's newspapers has included good news but not disturbing news. Small articles have big titles, and large articles have small titles. What's more, they don't report new events to readers in a timely manner."

"Last year, a company in Shanghai killed a large number of pigs due to poor management. The newspaper never mentioned a single word. The newspaper didn't publish the news until the matter was completely dealt with. If the news is handled in this way, the value of the news will be lost, and there will be a bright future. The feeling of yellow flowers." "One of the reasons for Stalin's mistakes is that the newspapers have not exposed mistakes for a long time. Newspapers should dare to expose mistakes, and don't report good news but not bad news, and don't just beat flies and mosquitoes."

"Our country's rewards for inventions and rational suggestions are nothing more than towels, teacups, undershirts, and certificates. However, the rewards of capitalist countries can become millionaires at once. It is necessary to understand well that there must be a brave man under the reward. ' reason." ... Peng Wenying was criticized not only for his "rightist" remarks, but also for "programmed and organized activities of anti-socialist cliques." Therefore, "Peng Wenying and another rightist, Chen Renbing, are the agents of the Democratic League Central Committee in Shanghai." Peng Wenying is straightforward and stubborn.In the face of all kinds of "criticism", he always refuted with reason, which aggravated his crime.Peng Wen should be denounced as "stubborn". On August 25, 1957, "People's Daily" published a Xinhua News Agency reporter Yu Huiyin's Shanghai Telegraph titled: "The voice of justice shattered heresy and crooked Shanghai people's representative's verbal battle with Peng Wenying's thorough truths, and each piece of definite facts refuted Zhangluo League, a vicious minion." The report said: In the past three months, the rectification leading group of the Shanghai Democratic League Municipal Party Committee held 16 meetings for Peng Wenying. Although he himself never spoke or only spoke a little, his ugly face was completely exposed after everyone's comprehensive exposure and criticism. up.However, Peng Wenying still stubbornly resisted, thinking that he could not lose the big debate. Peng Wenying has the opportunity to fully expound his arguments at this Shanghai Municipal People's Congress.This cunning rightist denied his series of anti-communist and anti-socialist words and deeds during the debate at the debate meeting, and avoided talking about it if he couldn't deny it.In his two-and-a-half-hour-long speech, he kept saying that he "supports the Communist Party and socialism" and that his intention "is to help the party correct its work." Eleven issues such as socialist democracy, party leadership, the role of democratic parties, and cadre policies brought out a whole set of bourgeois fallacies and continued to attack the Communist Party. The report also said: After all kinds of fallacies were refuted, Peng Wenying dressed himself as a "lost lamb" at the meeting. The delegates refuted him at the same time, saying: "You are a kind lamb, you are a wolf grandmother in sheep's clothing!" On August 27, 1957, the "People's Daily" made another report like this: "The facts in this big debate also show that some of the bourgeois rightists are die-hards, and they are determined to be reactionary to the end. For example, Peng Wenying, although his crimes were revealed in the debate, he still refused to give an explanation. Instead, he used the debate to The forum continues to unscrupulously promote reactionary bourgeois arguments, attacking the Communist Party and the cause of socialism..." Probably because of Peng Wenying's "stubborn attitude" and because he had a close relationship with Luo Longji as a fellow villager and classmate, he was later listed as one of the five "rightists" who "will not be corrected" at the central level. According to "level" or position, he does not seem to be among these five. Deng Shirong, Peng Wenying's wife, died at the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital on July 19, 1957, the day when Zhang Chunqiao's "Interrogation of Peng Wenying" was published. . Peng Wenying's second son, Peng Zhiping, had an introverted personality and couldn't think about the family's misfortune. On March 18, 1961, he ate a lot of broken glass and steel needles and committed suicide. He passed away after taking a lot of sleeping pills at the age of nineteen! The misfortune of the second son made Peng Wenying feel like a knife was twisting his heart.His beard and hair turned white overnight.He wrote in a letter to his sister: Being declared a rightist has brought endless humiliation and misfortune to his family and even relatives.But this is beyond our expectation.Since it happened, I can only solve it according to the most correct method.For more than three years, due to various reasons, I have not done very well and quickly. This is my fault, but my general direction is still good.To describe good intentions as malice, good things as bad things, help the party and the government as opposition, and a friend as an enemy is not allowed and should not be done.The specific details are a long story, and I can't write them to you now, but I always have to come to find out in the end.Such an explanation is indispensable to the party, the people, myself, my parents underground, and everyone involved.I always want to be a person, worthy of the above-mentioned people... In 1962, Peng Wenying made his final call - writing a ten-thousand-word letter to Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.He urges: "It is recommended to end the anti-rightist struggle nationwide and remove all rightist hats. Unite and build socialism!" On December 15 of the same year, Peng Wenying died of pericarditis and sepsis at the age of fifty-eight! What Peng Wenying firmly believed during his lifetime that "it will always come to find out in the end" happened in 1989. On December 16 of this year, an unusual symposium was held in the auditorium of the United Front Work Department of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.On the red banner was written in white words: "Commemorative Symposium for the 85th Anniversary of Comrade Peng Wenying's Birth"! It is not easy for Peng Wen to be called "comrade", let alone to commemorate his "eighty-fifth birthday" (he has never commemorated his birthday so grandly before his death). Zhao Dingyu, deputy director of the United Front Work Department of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, delivered a speech.He enthusiastically praised Peng Wenying's various contributions before liberation, and also affirmed the many useful works he did after liberation.He concluded by summarizing: "It has been 27 years since Comrade Peng Wenying left us. Throughout his life, although there were some twists and turns, he was patriotic and progressive in general, and is worth remembering and commemorating." Ye Duyi, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League, made a special trip to Shanghai to attend the meeting.Both he and Tan Jiazhen, chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the China Democratic League, delivered speeches in memory of Peng Wenying.More than seventy people attended the meeting. At the meeting, the reportage "Zhiyou" written by the author for Mr. Peng Wenying was distributed. Although Peng Wenying still belongs to the "one-fifth" of the "not corrected", this commemorative symposium actually restored Peng Wenying's political reputation. Just the day before this symposium, on the second floor of the Shanghai Friendship Club, the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the China Democratic League congratulated Professor Chen Renbing on his 80th birthday, and more than 70 people attended.Mao Zhiqiong, deputy director of the United Front Work Department of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, delivered a speech, praising Chen Renbing's many contributions before and after liberation.Ye Duyi, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League, and Li Wenyi, deputy director of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League, also delivered speeches. This birthday symposium is also "unprecedented".Although Chen Renbing, like Peng Wenying, belongs to the "one-fifth" of "unrectified", but this symposium is also held to restore Chen Renbing's political reputation. Chen Renbing had the honor to attend this symposium during his lifetime.Soon, he passed away.