Chapter 78 Huang Yaomian became the "Chief of Staff of the Zhangluo Alliance"

The "666" incident became a political event of national concern in 1957.This meeting of six professors held by Zhang Bojun on June 6 became the focus of the "anti-rightist movement" because Mao Zedong attacked it in "Wen Wei Po's bourgeois orientation should be criticized". Mao Zedong wrote: Why did the reactionary class enemies throw themselves into the trap?They are a reactionary social group, blinded by profit, and regard the absolute advantage of the proletariat as an absolute disadvantage.Lighting fires everywhere can incite workers and peasants, and students’ big-character posters can easily take over the school. If they make a big fuss, they will explode immediately, and the world will be in chaos in an instant, and the Communist Party will be over soon.Isn't this blinding you? Those who "benefit" seize power. ①

As one of the six professors, Huang Yaomian was also included in the list of "extreme rightists". In my impression, Professor Huang Yaomian has always been a member of the Democratic Party.In 1957, Huang Yaomian was a professor and head of the Chinese Department of Peking University, deputy secretary-general of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League and director of propaganda. Once, when I was reading the "Party History Materials" published in Shanghai, I happened to read the article "Some Situations of My Work at the Shanghai League Central Committee in 1934" written by Wang Zheran (published in the third issue of 1983). I came across an unusual experience about Huang Yaomian: "Tomato (Chen Zilin, now named Huang Yaomian), director of the Propaganda Department of the League Central Committee, has at least three and a half days a week to give reports to everyone..."

In this way, this "tomato" was originally a senior member of the Communist Party of China. I checked the literature carefully, only to find that Huang Yaomian, like Ge Peiqi, who was also listed as an "extreme rightist", is a veteran member of the CCP.Huang Yaomian joined the CCP even ten years earlier than Ge Peiqi—in 1928!However, in 1957, Huang Yaomian, like Ge Peiqi, was also regarded as a "democrat" to attend various symposiums... On October 26, 1990, I stayed at Beijing Normal University where Huang Yaomian taught.Professor Huang Yaomian passed away on September 3, 1987, and was unable to be interviewed.I had no choice but to go to the library to look for Huang Dadi, the son of Huang Yaomian.

At the beginning of the interview, I asked about the origin of the somewhat weird name "Huang Yaomian".In this way, Huang Dadi started from the origin of "Huang Yaomian" and recalled his father... In fact, Huang Yaomian is a pseudonym, and it was handed down under this pseudonym.In his later years, people familiar with him did not call him "Huang Lao", but "Yao Lao"! His real name was Huang Fang, and he was born in Meixian, Guangdong on January 14, 1903. From Huang Fang, he was named Huang Huang, and extended from the word "Huang" to "Yaomian", which means "to sleep after taking medicine", because he took this pseudonym in the 1920s, when it was so embarrassing. He was "in a trance"!

In his early years, Huang Yaomian was fond of literature, writing poems, translating poems and novels.Gradually he lost his "trance".He joined the CCP in 1928—that was after Chiang Kai-shek's "April 12" coup in 1927, and the CCP was in its most difficult time. Since then, he has become an underground worker of the Communist Party of China. In the autumn of 1929, he was sent to Moscow by the CCP to work in the Eastern Department of the Young Communist International. In the winter of 1933, he returned to Shanghai.He became "Tomato" - the head of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Youth League.

Less than a year after he returned to China, he was arrested by Kuomintang agents because of betrayal by a traitor.He once recalled: I remember that I was arrested on the second floor of Limei Road in the French Concession after the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1934 (probably on October 22)... On the night of my arrest, around nine o'clock, the girl Yu Ruomei (whose name was changed to Chen Wenshu after the arrest) had already gone to bed, and I was still rushing to write something.Suddenly there was a light knock on the door.I was taken aback because this was not the time for Xiao Lu (Internal Communication) to join us.But I thought again, it might be some urgent notice, and the knock on the door was so soft.After a while, I knocked a few more times, and I signaled Yu Ruomei to get up, and took off the siren on the window.As soon as she got up, I went to open the door.As soon as the door opened a crack, three or four big men took the opportunity to push the door open and enter.Then four or five people rushed in.The pistol was pointed at me and said: "Don't move!" In fact, one person on each side took my hand, and I couldn't move. ①

In prison, Huang Yaomian was tortured and never let go.He was sentenced to ten years in prison. In 1937, he was released on bail by the Nanjing Office of the Eighth Route Army.He traveled thousands of miles to Yan'an.Although he was received in Yan'an, he failed to restore his membership in the Communist Party of China. Since then, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, he has been engaged in cultural work for a long time, editing newspapers, writing long poems and novels.In 1946, he joined the China Democratic League in Hong Kong.As a result, he appeared in various social activities as a democrat.

In April 1957, Huang Yaomian became the head of the Propaganda Department of the China Democratic League. In the midst of shouting loudly, Huang Yaomian also released it.Fei Xiaotong's "Early Spring Weather of Intellectuals" resonated with him.He said: The older generation of intellectuals came from the old world.They had traveled a long way in the old world.However, due to the different journeys experienced by each person, their skirts are stained with different wine stains and different dust.It is also for this reason that their views on today's new era cannot help but be measured and compared from the journeys they have experienced.

Comrade Fei Xiaotong said that now is the early spring of intellectuals.I think there are some reasons for this statement, and it also represents the opinions of some people.But in my personal opinion, it has been spring since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and this is not my intention to sing a different tune.This can only say that I have had my experience.When the Kuomintang reactionaries ruled, I was just half a tramp and half an intellectual. My life seemed to be suspended in the air by a thread. There were often unfamiliar faces at the door. The head is visiting, and when walking, I often beware of someone following behind.As for writing with a pen, you can neither become a literary giant, wandering outside the gate wall of the university, nor can you just be a pedestrian outside the wall, longing for the laughter of the residents inside the wall.When the whole country was liberated, I saw that the people of the whole country were liberated, the reactionary Kuomintang rule was overthrown, and the imperialist forces that had been domineering in China for more than a century were driven out from the mainland of China. I couldn't help but feel very happy.And I personally have the opportunity to follow many specialized scholars as a small intellectual, and have the opportunity to touch books. It is much warmer.So I say, from then on, it's spring.

Of course, in spring, there will be one or two cold springs, or the east wind will blow away the bonus, or even individuals will have a period of "hurt spring" mood, but spring is still spring after all.It's a pity that I can't be the first to spread the news of spring like plum blossoms. ① It should be said that although Huang Yaomian agreed with Fei Xiaotong's article, he also put forward different views. Moreover, his views should be regarded as "old revolutionary" views-he recalled the "cold" life before liberation. However, Huang Yaomian thinks that there will be "cold spring" in spring, so he is "taboo".

Huang Yaomian went on to talk about intellectual topics, writing: It is natural for intellectuals to love knowledge and their profession.It is quite understandable that intellectuals wish to have a study with a few books in it.Therefore, it is very important to assist and promote them to do a good job in business. But if someone wants to hide in the study and can't come out, then I'm afraid it's actually impossible.Even if you want to "keep your ears off the affairs of the world and focus on the sages' books", the times will knock on your door and will give you many invitations.Moreover, among today's intellectuals, there are probably very few people who really want to get into their study and don't come out to ask about world affairs.If someone really said that, it was probably out of a moment of emotion... Huang Yaomian criticized some intellectuals: I think some intellectuals don't respect others enough.It seems that he is born Zhuge Liang, or descended to the earth in response to some star in the sky, and he is destined to wave the goose feather fan to direct his wishes!We have to learn more about humility. Gradually, with the rise of the "temperature" of making loud noises, Huang Yaomian's words became more and more sharp. He spoke of the abnormal relationship between CCP members and non-Party members.On May 12, "People's Daily" reported Huang Yaomian's speech at the symposium of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on May 11: When talking about the relationship between the party and the non-party, Huang Yaomian said that the most important shortcoming at present is that the relationship between the party and the non-party is not well done.He believes that there are some things that Party members think are right even if they are wrong, and what non-Party members think is right is also wrong.Party members can be promoted to three levels in one year, but non-party members cannot be promoted to one level in three to five years despite their hard work.Party members make mistakes and review them behind closed doors. As long as they are not punished by the organization, they still have the right to do so.When a non-Party member makes a mistake, the party organization seldom educates and helps him. He said that some school leaders are afraid of meeting the teachers and the masses, and sit in the office to listen to the reports of the party and league members, causing some people to be afraid of contacting the party and the league members.There are also some party members who are proud of their merits, have privileged ideas, do not study very much, rely on the party for a living, talk about Marxism-Leninism, and refuse to study hard.He said This rectification movement is really necessary. On June 5, Huang Yaomian talked about his situation at a symposium held by the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University: Since I arrived in Beijing, I am very satisfied. What I am dissatisfied with is that I have been asked to be the head of the department. ① Since then, when the "anti-rightist" gongs and drums sounded, Huang Yaomian, head of the Central Propaganda Department of the China Democratic League, had to condemn Zhang Bojun and Luo Longji. Huang Yaomian said in a talk on Guangming Daily on June 20: "Zhang Bojun cannot be regarded as a leftist. He has always advocated the middle line." "Luo Longji is a consistent bourgeois ideology." Although he also criticized Zhang and Luo in this way, as soon as Mao Zedong's "Wen Wei Po's Bourgeois Orientation Should Be Criticized" was published, as one of the "six professors", he immediately became a prominent target of the "anti-rightists". As a result, Huang Yaomian was also classified as "another volume". Huang Yaomian became a "rightist", and Kang Sheng's "contributions" were also included.Writer Qin Mu published the article "The "Poem of the Traitor" in Tianjin "Tonight News" on February 5, 1991. He wrote: During the so-called "anti-rightist" movement, Kang Sheng personally went to Beijing Normal University to classify the first-level professor Huang Yaomian as a "rightist".Why is he so shirtless?Once I asked Huang Yaomian what is the reason for this?Huang's answer was that many years ago, when he was in Moscow, he was assigned to be Kang Sheng's interpreter, and he was well aware of his activities.At that time, Kang Sheng flattered and complimented Wang Ming as much as possible.In order to seal Huang Yaomian's mouth, so as not to expose his secrets, he personally went out and tried his best... With Mao Zedong's "Wen Wei Po's Bourgeois Direction Should Be Criticized" and Kang Sheng's "personal action", Huang Yaomian could no longer shake off the "right" hat on his head. Huang Yaomian has been severely criticized.There are so many critical articles of all kinds that it is enough to compile a "collection of essays". Here are just two critical passages, which are enough to get a glimpse of the "whole leopard". When criticizing Huang Yaomian, Lu Zongda, a linguist, called him "extremely dishonest" and "summarized" Huang Yaomian's "tricks": "One is to lie; the second is to deny; the third is to resist; the fourth is to delay and attempt to counterattack; the fifth is to dodge and deliberately describe political issues as ideological issues; the sixth is not to talk about some issues at all, and some are rarely discussed. Some talk about it over and over." The most interesting thing is that the poet Zhang Guangnian was quite ingenious when criticizing Huang Yaomian.The lyricist of "Yellow River Cantata", editor-in-chief of "Literary News", and secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association, used brackets in Huang Yaomian's original text, and added notes in brackets, in the serious "class struggle", to give readers Bring a little "sense of humor", reminiscent of "Zhang Laosan, I ask you" written by the poet back then: I have written very few articles in the past few years, but based on this little experience, it is not difficult to realize the difficulty of writing critical articles! (Want to be rude) Don't be rude, (Want to be sarcastic) Don't be sarcastic, (Want to say witty words but) can't say witty words, (Want to negate authority but) have to take care of authority, (Want to scold great writers but) have to take care of great writers, (Want to say witty words) Suppressing the new forces but also) taking care of the new forces, (wanting to oppose the leadership but also) taking care of the leaders, (wanting to attack the old gentlemen but also) taking care of the old gentlemen, (wanting to provoke and yet) taking care of the united front, (wanting to speculate, Therefore) we must consider the intention of the editor-in-chief, (we want to catch the wave, so) we must consider the opinions popular in Soviet magazines at present, (for fear that we may miss the opportunity and catch the wrong wave, so) we must consider setting aside for ourselves when the policy changes in the future. There are so many "cares" (for deceiving others) and many "considerations" (considering how to deceive others) in my mind, so I have fewer and fewer ideas (more and more duplicity). The article strives to be tactful (more detours), comprehensive (for fear of revealing flaws), and strives not to provoke rebuttals from others (so that you can see it, but not grasp it). Many well-known principles and principles that have been repeated thousands of times may as well assume that readers have the spirit of "reading forever" and repeat them again (for the sake of decoration). After the affirmation (where is the true affirmation?), there must be a "but" (so that you can't figure it out), and after the negation (for fear that the negation will go wrong), there must be an explanation (so that you can't figure it out). ① After the "May 7 Storm" in 1957, Huang Yaomian could no longer be on the podium.His wife Cai Che, originally a data officer in the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University, was also classified as a "rightist". During the "Cultural Revolution", Huang Yaomian was hit again.Fortunately, he is no longer the dean of the department, and he can't stand up to the "capitalist roaders", but only plays the role of "accompanying". This first-level professor was subjected to "supervised labor"-doing labor such as cleaning toilets. He finally walked through the muddy and hazy part of his life.After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, his unjust case was completely rehabilitated.The persecutor Kang Sheng also got what he deserved—although Kang Sheng was dead, he was still expelled from the CCP. The "Yao Lao" who entered his later years, dictated his memoirs, and finally completed the 440,000-word "Turbulence: Half a Century I Experienced" written by his wife Cai Che.Half a month before this book was published, Huang Yaomian died of heart failure at the Beijing Friendship Hospital at the age of eighty-four. Huang Yaomian originally planned to write "Five Treatises", namely "On Creation", "On Style", "On Typicals", "On Style", and "On Appreciation", but all of them were lost due to his death.Without the "May 7th Storm", he would have completed this series of theoretical works a long time ago... Professor Tao Dayong, one of the "six professors", teaches at Beijing Normal University together with Huang Yaomian. Tao Dayong also fell into the "rightist" quagmire. On June 21, 1957, "People's Daily" published a report "Dissatisfaction Caused by Tao Dayong's Insufficient Review".That means Tao Dayong was forced to "account" for the "June 66" incident.Tao Dayong said: On June 6, Zhang Bojun invited Fei Xiaotong, Qian Weichang, Wu Jingchao, Zeng Zhaolun, Huang Yaomian, and him to a discussion at the CPPCC Cultural Club (Hu Yuzhi was also present, but left before the meeting was over).At that time, Zhang Bojun said alarmistly at the meeting: "If the college students continue to make trouble like this, maybe an incident like Hungary will happen." Some schools run in Hankou have gone on strike, and the situation is very serious.”Tao Dayong said that his speeches with comrades Fei Xiaotong, Qian Weichang, Zeng Zhaolun, and Huang Yaomian were more or less influenced by Zhang Bojun, exaggerating the contradictions between the party and the masses.Later, during lunch, Zhang Bojun ate and talked about the development of the organization. He even stood up, blushed, and raised his fist, saying that the NLD should grow to several million people.Tao Dayong said that at that time he felt that Zhang Bojun's "ambition" was not small. Professor Tao Dayong's "not profound" "review" of course "caused dissatisfaction." So, time and time again, the criticism meeting asked Tao Dayong, asking him to give a thorough account of the "June 66" incident. Tao Dayong had to make such an "account": Tao Dayong said that at the "six professors meeting", he talked about four issues: 1. Peking University students came to Normal University to organize a class strike but failed; Second, it reflects that Dong Weichuan said that the current situation is unprecedented since the May 4th Movement; Third, there are many wrongdoers in the eradication of counter-revolutionaries, Luo Zhifu was cited as an example; Fourth, the issue of rating and salary evaluation. "When I talked about the situation of Normal University, I mainly focused on the issue of redress and salary evaluation. I had a long speech on these two. I also said that the person in charge should be cautious when speaking, and students should read the interview records before they are published. In short, I am afraid Be responsible. If comrades say this is two-faced, I will not quibble." ① Tao Dayong was also forced to "reveal" Huang Yaomian: Tao Dayong pointed out that Huang Yaomian believed that the Communist Party was corrupt.Tao said: Huang Yaomian seldom stood up when speaking, but this time he stood up and gave a speech for more than 20 minutes very excitedly.He mainly talked about the fact that bourgeois ideology was growing in the party and was corrupting the party from within.Huang said that this is very dangerous, and this danger arises from within, just as contradictions arise within capitalism.Huang Yaomian's fallacy was unanimously agreed by the participants. ① Regardless of "confession" or "exposure", Professor Tao Dayong is still designated as an "extreme rightist".