Chapter 31 Chu Anping gave advice to the "old monk"

The United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a total of thirteen symposiums for leaders of democratic parties. The United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China checked the list of important democrats and found that Chu Anping, deputy director of the Central Propaganda Department of the Jiusan Society, member of the China Democratic League, and editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily" had not yet spoken.Therefore, the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called Chu Anping and asked him to make a speech at the symposium held on June 1.

Chu Anping obeyed, and at the symposium on June 1, he made a rather straightforward speech.He wrote the speech in advance and read it according to the script.The title of the speech is amazing enough: "Suggestions to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou"! At that time, "Guangming Daily" was the "central organ newspaper of China's democratic parties", with Zhang Bojun as its president and Chu Anping as its editor-in-chief. Chu Anping actually became the editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily" on April 1, 1957-when he made that speech, he had only been in office for two full months.

Chu Anping has always been a "scholar".His pen is quite famous in China.Because of this, Zhang Bojun, the president of "Guangming Daily", said when introducing the new editor-in-chief to colleagues in the newspaper: "He is a writer." ① Throughout Chu Anping's life path, it is the path of "writer, editor, reporter". Chu Anping was born in Yixing, Jiangsu in 1909.He is ten years younger than Zhang Bojun and Luo Longji.He wrote novels when he was in high school, and they were serialized in Shanghai's influential Shenbao.He relied on this manuscript fee to come to Shanghai and was admitted to Guanghua University.After graduation, he entered the "Central Daily" as a supplement editor.

At the age of twenty-six, he went to study in England and studied political science for three years.While studying, he worked as a reporter for the "Central Daily", earning a living with the royalties. After returning to China, he worked as an editor and professor.Later, he worked as secretary of the China-British Cultural Association. Chu Anping attracted widespread attention in 1946 when he founded the weekly "Observation".At that time, Chu Anping did not join any party in China.He claimed that Observer was "independent, objective and non-partisan".Although he claimed so, in fact he had an obvious anti-Chiang color, and had a wide influence in the Kuomintang ruled areas, and the circulation unexpectedly rose to more than 100,000 copies.Chu Anping said proudly: "The operation of this journal is enough to open up a new path for the Chinese public opinion circle."

The Kuomintang government naturally disliked the "Observation", and from the dislike it became angry. On December 24, 1948, the "Observation" was sealed. Chu Anping obviously fell to the CCP.In September 1949, he went to Peiping to attend the first session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Since then, he has served as the deputy general manager of the Xinhua Bookstore Headquarters and the deputy director of the Publishing Administration of the General Administration of Press and Publication. In 1951, he ended his political career as a non-party person and joined both the Jiu San Society and the China Democratic League.

As a democrat, how could Chu Anping suddenly become the editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily" in the 1957 mass campaign? Although "Guangming Daily" was a central organ of the democratic parties in China at the time, its successive editor-in-chiefs were all members of the Communist Party of China: the first Hu Yuzhi and the second Shao Zonghan were both members of the Communist Party of China. Hu Yuzhi in the inner circle has always been known as a "Bolshevik outside the party".His public identity is a member of the Central Standing Committee of the China Democratic League.

The China Democratic League originally founded the Guangming Daily in Hong Kong.In the spring of 1949, the headquarters of the China Democratic League prepared to launch a newspaper in Beiping with intellectuals as the main target, named "Guangming Daily".Hu Yuzhi was responsible for the preparatory work and served as the first editor-in-chief.When the publication was founded, Hu Yuzhi asked Mao Zedong to write an inscription for "Guangming Daily", and Mao Zedong wrote "Unite, the light is in sight". The launch article of "Guangming Daily" "Unite and Unite to Build a New Democratic China" was written by Hu Yuzhi.

It was only after Hu Yuzhi's death in 1986 that he disclosed his identity: "an outstanding member of the Chinese Communist Party." Later, people learned from his autobiography that after the "April 12" coup in 1927, Hu Yuzhi maintained a "single-line connection" with the CCP as a member of the "Special Branch".The one-line contacts were first Xuan Xiafu, then Yan Xichun and Pan Hannian. ① Hu Yuzhi joined the Communist Party of China in September 1933. ② However, Hu Yuzhi is a special member of the Communist Party of China, his identity is not disclosed to the outside world, and he has been engaged in social activities as a democrat.It is precisely because of this that Hu Yuzhi was originally in charge of founding "Guangming Daily", which can be said to be the best candidate.

After Hu Yuzhi became the editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily", because he was also the director of the General Administration of Publishing, he was too busy with work, so Shao Zonghan succeeded him as the editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily" a year later. The third editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily", that is, Chu Anping's predecessor, Chang Zhiqing, is also a member of the Communist Party of China.However, his membership of the Communist Party of China is public. On March 10, 1957, when Mao Zedong was meeting people in the press and publishing circles, he suddenly asked Chang Zhiqing, editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily", "Are you a member of the Communist Party?" Chang Zhiqing immediately answered truthfully: "Yes." " Immediately afterwards, Mao Zedong said: "The Communist Party runs a newspaper for the democratic parties, isn't that bad!"

Mao Zedong made a final statement.Therefore, "Guangming Daily" hastened to find a democrat to be the editor-in-chief. Chu Anping became the best candidate.Chu Anping has rich experience in running the "Observation" weekly, and is also a member of two democratic parties. On the twentieth day after Mao Zedong said that sentence, Chu Anping took office as the editor-in-chief of "Guangming Daily". Chu Anping later explained why he spoke at the symposium on June 1: After liberation, generally speaking, I seldom speak outside.After the sounding started, there was little speech.93. The Writers' Association came to invite me, but none of them spoke, and adopted a more or less evasive attitude.One is that I am not very motivated to speak, and the other is that I have no specific issues to discuss.Therefore, the symposium of the United Front Work Department has been held for a long time, and I have not attended it.On the morning of May 30, the United Front Work Department called and asked me to go.I agreed to go, but the instructions did not speak.In the afternoon, I heard that there was going to be a meeting on June 1st, and Director Peng of the United Front Work Department wanted me to make a speech on June 1st.I was still working at the newspaper on the morning of the 31st, and I was writing speeches at home in the afternoon of the 31st. I stayed at home that morning and evening without going out.Comrade Bo Jun said that Luo Longji had read my speech and had nothing to do with it.

It should be said that Chu Anping's speech was the sharpest since the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee held a symposium for leaders of democratic parties. Chu Anping said: "Recently, everyone has raised a lot of opinions on young monks, but no one has opinions on old monks. Now I would like to give an example and ask Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou for advice." In his words, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were called "old monks", and ordinary CCP cadres were called "young monks", which was "astonishing" enough. Actually, this metaphor was not "invented" by Chu Anping.He was just paraphrasing Mao Zedong's words.This is just like the "Political Design Institute" proposed by Zhang Bojun, which is just a play on Mao Zedong's words. On April 30, 1957, on the Tiananmen Gate tower, Mao Zedong faced the leaders of the various democratic parties, and when reviewing the blowing of the previous days, he said this very humorously: "Everyone has raised a lot of opinions on the young monk, and hope to raise some opinions on the old monk." Mao Zedong said, causing a lot of laughter. It was following Mao Zedong's words that Chu Anping found the topic of his speech - "Suggestions to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou".Because Mao Zedong "hoped to give some advice to the old monk"! Chu Anping did not expect that "humorous language" such as "little monk" and "old monk" can only be said by Mao Zedong, but others can never say it! Chu Anping seriously "advised Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou": Before liberation, we heard Chairman Mao's proposal to organize a coalition government with people outside the party.After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, three of the six vice-chairmen of the Central People's Government were non-Party people, and two of the four vice-premiers were non-Party people. It still looked like a coalition government.But later the government was reorganized, and there was only one vice-chairman of the People's Republic of China. The former non-Party vice-chairmen of the Central People's Government moved their chairs to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.Not to mention, there are as many as twelve vice premiers of the State Council, and none of them is a non-Party person. Does it mean that none of the non-Party people can sit in this position, or that none of them can be trained to hold such a position?Starting from the desire to unite non-Party people and the whole country, and taking into account domestic and international perceptions, can such an arrangement still be studied? In his speech, Chu Anping criticized the "party world": After liberation, intellectuals enthusiastically supported the party and accepted its leadership.However, the relationship between the party and the masses has not been good in the past few years, and it has become a problem that needs to be adjusted urgently in my country's political life.What is the crux of this problem?In my opinion, the key lies in the ideological issue of "the party under heaven".In my opinion, the fact that the party leads the country does not mean that the country is owned by the party.Everyone supports the party, but they have not forgotten that they are also the masters of the country.The main purpose of a political party gaining power is to realize his ideals and implement his policies.In order to ensure the implementation of policies and consolidate the power it has gained, it is natural that the party needs to maintain its own strength and control certain key points in state organs.But across the country, regardless of the size of the unit, or even a department or a group, a party member must be appointed as the leader, and everything depends on the color of the party member. Too much?In national politics, people outside the party wish to follow the party, but following the party is because the party's ideals are great and the policies are correct. It does not mean that people outside the party have no opinions, no self-esteem and a sense of responsibility to the country .In the past few years, the talents of many party members are not commensurate with the positions he holds.The failure to do a good job caused damage to the country, but also failed to convince the people, exacerbating the tension between the party and the masses, but the fault is not with those party members, but why the party places disproportionate party members in various positions.Is the party doing this with the idea of ​​"couldn't it be the king's land", which has formed the current situation of one family.In my opinion, the problem of "the party under heaven" is the ultimate root of all sectarianism and the root of the contradiction between the party and the non-party.Today's prominent sectarianism and the poor relationship between the party and the masses are a nationwide phenomenon.The Communist Party is a party with a high degree of organization and discipline. For such nationwide shortcomings, does it have anything to do with the leadership of the Party Central Committee? Chu Anping's speech pushed Da Ming Da Fang to its climax. As soon as he finished speaking, Ma Yinchu, the president of Peking University, repeatedly praised him in English: "Very good! Very good!" (very good! very good!) The next day, "Guangming Daily" published the full text of Chu Anping's "Some Opinions to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou", and "People's Daily" also reported it in detail.There was no television in China at that time, and important news was broadcast by the radio.The Central People's Broadcasting Station broadcast Chu Anping's speech in the news program. In this way, at the symposium held by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, after repeated encouragement, there was finally quite a "harvest", that is, the "three major theories" of the right wing "emerged": Zhang Bojun's "Political Design Institute" , Luo Longji's "Rehabilitation Committee", and Chu Anping's "Party World". Mao Zedong once said: "Imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek and the rightists are also in touch. For example, the reactionaries in Taiwan and Hong Kong are very supportive of Chu Anping's 'Party World', Zhang Bojun's 'Political Design Institute', and Luo Longji's 'Rehabilitation Committee'."① On June 3, the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a symposium for leaders of democratic parties. Li Weihan said: "The CCP sincerely welcomes the supervision and assistance of all democratic parties and people outside the party. In recent months, a large number of criticisms and opinions put forward by democratic parties and people outside the party fully illustrate this kind of criticism and The opinions will greatly help the CCP overcome subjectivism, bureaucracy and sectarianism in its own ranks, and further strengthen and consolidate its core leadership role in the national people and socialist construction." Li Weihan's speech ended with the sound of "I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my friends". Amid the applause, none of the democrats thought that a big storm was imminent...