Chapter 5 〇5. Escorting and reforming Japanese war criminals

After the end of World War II, judges from 11 countries, including China, the United States, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, India, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada, the Philippines, and New Zealand, formed the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. trial.According to the spirit of the "Potsdam Proclamation", each victorious country can judge the captured war criminals of aggression on its own.At that time, due to the civil war, China did not have the conditions and ability to try Japanese war criminals. In view of the above situation, the Soviet Union escorted the Japanese war criminals captured in China to Siberia for imprisonment and forced labor.

After the founding of New China, in order to improve the country's international status and reputation, and safeguard the country's sovereignty and dignity, Chairman Mao visited the Soviet Union in December 1949. When meeting with Stalin, he proposed to hand over the Japanese war criminals detained in Siberia to China. Sovereign states judge themselves. In July 1950, according to the spirit of the central government's instructions, the public security forces assigned the task of escorting and detaining Japanese war criminals to the North China Military Region.After receiving the order, the Public Security Command of the Northeast Military Region handed over this task to the 53rd Regiment of the 18th Division of the Public Security Bureau.This is a political task with a very heavy responsibility, and the central government and relevant departments attach great importance to it. Premier Zhou Enlai clearly instructed that "no one escapes and no one dies" during the escort.After the troops accepted this task, everyone felt a lot of pressure. It was no problem for the escort to "not run away", but it was difficult to ask "not one to die".On the one hand, the Japanese have been educated by militarism for a long time, they preach the spirit of bushido, they are loyal to the emperor, and they will commit suicide in case of despair; It is a heinous crime. Once the people find out that they have been escorted back, they will never let them live.After receiving this task, the team leader Xu Qifu didn't stop thinking for a moment.He has led the troops to complete many major tasks over the years, and no task has ever made him feel so sad.This task may seem simple, but it is actually very complicated. A little carelessness will have unexpected consequences and cause unnecessary losses.He and other leaders carefully analyzed the situation of the escort, conducted detailed research on the escort, and formulated a strict duty plan: in order to prevent war criminals from being discovered on the way, Xu Qifu suggested that the glass windows on the escort train should be pasted with paper; To deal with the situation, remove all the locks on the car doors; for the sake of strict confidentiality, the specific situation of this mission will not be communicated to the troops for the time being.In order to strengthen leadership, the team leader Xu Qifu personally led the team to participate in this mission.After repeated research, the third battalion and the eleventh company with strong combat effectiveness and high quality were finally selected as the escort task.In order to ensure that nothing goes wrong, dozens of veterans with high political awareness and strong organizational discipline were selected from the Tenth Company to cooperate with the Eleventh Company to perform tasks.A total of 230 cadres and soldiers participated in this mission. Before the troops set off, Xu Qifu gave the soldiers a simple mobilization. I can’t tell everyone, but I can tell you one thing, this task is very honorable and the responsibility is very heavy, please don’t inquire about it, don’t be suspicious, and follow the command in all actions.”

When the troops performed missions before, they did not tell everyone in advance, so Xu Qifu's speech was not taken seriously by everyone.After mobilization, the troops boarded the train, which continued north.On the way, the train hardly stopped except for refilling water.When the train was about to arrive in Changchun, Xu Qifu called the cadres above the platoon into a compartment and told them about the special task of escorting Japanese war criminals thousands of miles away. We have killed them, but now we must put the national interest first. The higher authorities require us to ensure that no one can run away and one cannot die. We are soldiers, and soldiers take it as their bounden duty to obey orders. Cadres and Communist Party members must set an example and obey. Discipline, complete the task satisfactorily."

After a long journey, the train arrived at Suifenhe Station in the north of Heilongjiang, which is also the terminal of the train.After the troops got off the train, the escort troops lived in a few simple bungalows on the station.According to the instructions of the central government, the Northeast Bureau established a War Criminals Management Office, and appointed Sun Mingzhai, the deputy director of the Fushun City Public Security Bureau, as the director of the management office.Relevant leaders of the public security department who carried out the task of receiving war criminals this time and some staff members of the newly established Fushun War Criminals Management Office also arrived at Suifenhe Station in the same car as the escorting troops.

After everything was arranged, Xu Qifu presided over a meeting of all cadres and soldiers. At the meeting, Xu Qifu conveyed the real situation of this mission to the troops, explained the significance of this escort, and demanded that they were not allowed to go out during this period, and were not allowed to go out with them. In the course of performing missions, we must not take the opportunity to vent our personal anger towards war criminals.Xu Qifu finally said: "For the dignity of the motherland and the honor of the army, we must take the overall situation into consideration, obey orders, obey commands, and complete the special and arduous tasks assigned by our superiors." After unifying the spirit of the central government and conveying it, the troops held discussions with squads as units.Some soldiers whose relatives were killed by the Japanese army could not control their hatred during the study and discussion, and cried in grief and indignation.After discussion, everyone expressed that they put the national interest first and were determined to complete this task well.

On the morning of July 18, 1950, a train of dozens of special trucks covered with cloth came from the territory of the Soviet Union. A narrow passage was paved with wooden boards around the carriages and at the joints between the carriages. Every section of the train from the beginning to the end There are many telephone lines on the top of the carriage.This special train is the train that escorted Japanese war criminals.According to the scheduled duty plan, the troops sent sentries inside and outside the station to guard, and used two platoons of troops to receive war criminals on the spot.After the train arrived at the station and stopped for a while, several Soviet commanders and soldiers got off from the first carriage, and then the sentries in each carriage also got off the train one after another.The Chinese leader responsible for receiving the war criminals and relevant personnel stepped forward. After an interpreter, the two sides had a consultation for about 20 minutes. The Soviet officer leading the team ordered the soldiers to unlock the doors of each compartment. After a while, the war criminals left one by one. Get out of the car and stand in line tremblingly.All the war criminals were haggard, bearded and dirty.After getting out of the car, they looked around with surprised eyes.Sentinels on duty stood majestically around the train with bayonet-loaded guns in their hands.A school officer of the Soviet Army called out with a roster, and the war criminals who were called out one by one responded by walking a few steps forward and standing still.After the Soviet army finished counting, the Chinese receiving personnel took the roster handed over by the Soviet side, and after calling again, they were led by the staff of the Fushun War Criminals Management Office, passed along the middle of the two human walls formed by our sentries, and boarded the vehicle in order.The handover was very smooth and was completed in about two hours.After getting on the train, the on-duty troops immediately set up half a squad of troops at the junction of each carriage and the carriages to guard them, and through an interpreter, they announced to the war criminals that they were not allowed to open the car windows to look out, and they were not allowed to make loud noises, walk around, or go to the toilet. It must be subject to the regulations of the leadership of the discipline cadres.

After everything is ready, the train starts running.The sentries on duty in each carriage are at their positions, and the mobile unit sits in the first and last carriages according to the plan, ready to be called at any time.As soon as the sun went down, the night quickly drew down, and the train quickly entered the night running.The war criminals staggered from exhaustion one by one, and the old and frail war prisoners were allowed by the guards to lie down and fall asleep under the seats, each snoring.The war criminals were asleep, but the sentries on duty could not slack off at all. They watched every move of the war criminals vigilantly through the lights in the carriage.Along the way, some war criminals pretended to be happy, some pretended to be calm, some were suspicious, and some were terrified.In order to avoid meeting the passenger trains at the station and to avoid the influence of the outside world on the war criminals, the train stopped and stopped until 3:00 am on July 21 to reach the destination of the war criminals' escort - Fushun Station.

Fushun Station was heavily guarded, and machine guns were set up on the commanding heights.After the train came to a complete stop, the war criminals took their luggage and were led off by the guards.After getting off the bus, the old, weak, sick and disabled war criminals took trucks, and most of the young and healthy war criminals walked to the war criminals management office through a street lined with sentries. The Japanese war criminals imprisoned in the War Criminals Management Center include: Takebe Rokuzo, Chief of General Affairs of the Puppet Manchukuo, Suzuki Keihisa, Commander of the Lieutenant General’s Division, and Japanese Gendarmerie Dasa Saitomio, etc.The Japanese war criminal, Armed Forces Rokuzo, manipulated the power of the puppet Manchukuo, promulgated a series of fascist decrees such as the "Thought Correction Law", "Special Current Situation Law", and "Grain and Grain Export Law". Among them, more than 177,000 Chinese compatriots were arrested; Suzuki Keihisa frantically created "no man's land" in Henan, Hebei and other places, and killed more than 1,200 Chinese compatriots in Luan County, Hebei; "Espionage Countermeasures", successively arrested and killed more than 63,000 members of the Communist Party and anti-Japanese masses; Hideo Yasuhara, the commander of the Japanese July 31 Bacterial Force, secretly manufactured bacterial weapons, subjected more than 40,000 Chinese compatriots to bacterial experiments, tortured them cruelly, and then inhumanely Throw it into the furnace.Their bloody crimes caused unprecedented catastrophe to the Chinese nation.

The Party Central Committee and Premier Zhou gave timely instructions on what policy to adopt for these war criminals and traitors.He pointed out: "We must adopt a revolutionary humanitarian transformation policy for them." "Fasten the education of confession and repentance, and gradually transform them into newcomers who are anti-militarist and serve the cause of Sino-Japanese friendship." "We must conscientiously do a good job of our cadres , The ideological work of the fighters, so that they can be safely managed, so that no one escapes and no one dies." In order to implement the instructions of the central government, the personnel of the management office started with investigation and research to find out the ideological dynamics and behavior performance of Japanese war criminals, so as to achieve targeted education and reform.When the Japanese war criminals were taken to the War Criminals Management Office, they all behaved arrogantly.Some wore combat caps, general school uniforms, military badges on their shoulders, and riding boots on their feet. They still had a ferocious fascist face.Some woke up in the morning and paid homage to Tokyo, praying "Long live His Majesty the Emperor", expressing that they "would rather die for fascist militarism".The war criminals refused to read the newspapers of the management station, and refused to listen to the broadcast of the management station to show their resistance.It is considered our "weakness" for the humanitarian treatment we give.More generally, they blatantly denied guilt, claiming that they invaded China to "help China establish a new order."Crying that they are "prisoners of war", not war criminals.It is a violation of international law to slander China for "detaining them in a war criminal management center."Not long after the war criminals came to the management office, the United States launched a war of aggression against Korea, and the war reached China's doorstep.At this time, the minds of the war criminals became active. They violated prison regulations, resisted reform, and imagined that the U.S. military would enter China as soon as possible and rescue them from the management office.Every day when the newspapers came, they scrambled to read the news about the Korean battlefield, and then got together to analyze the development of the situation with joy, and provocatively said to the sentinel in unfluent Chinese: "In the past, Japan was defeated by the United States. Now North Korea can’t stand it, and neither can you China.”

In order to prevent accidents, the detainees and the management office have taken corresponding measures against the war criminals: fixed posts have been added and mobile posts have been strengthened; the power grid on the wall is discharged day and night to prevent prison robbery from outside; the management office uses broadcasting to strengthen publicity and educate war criminals on the situation .When Japanese war criminals heard the broadcasts that said "US imperialism is a paper tiger" and "the Korean people will win, US imperialism will fail", some of the war criminals blocked their ears with cotton balls and refused to listen, and some laughed and said it was "nonsense." Eight Ways" is "deceptive talk".Once, the army and the management office organized an air defense exercise without telling the war criminals in advance. They really thought that the American plane was coming, and they were surprised and happy.The surprise is that we are afraid that we will implement national revenge measures at this critical moment, but the joy is that the US Air Force will rescue them, and they will be free immediately.Later, when they saw that it was not the case, they were all dejected and silent again.

According to the development and changes of the situation on the Korean battlefield, on the eve of our volunteers going abroad to participate in the war, Premier Zhou ordered the War Criminals Management Office to move north. On October 18 and 19, 1950, the war criminals were divided into two batches and transferred to Harbin City in Songjiang Province (now Heilongjiang Province) at that time. At that time, fearing that the war criminals would be misunderstood and caused problems, before the transfer of escorts, the prison told them through the broadcast that the move to the north was to ensure their personal safety, and that they would come back when the situation improved.The war criminals heard the discussion and publicly demanded their unconditional release, otherwise they would have to sue the United Nations in the future.Some suspected that the move to the north was fake and that the secret execution was real, and they were terrified.In order not to cause the war criminals to have the illusion, this transfer of escort was not heavily guarded, did not make much noise, and remained calm along the way, just like an ordinary car trip.But the more this happened, the more suspicious they became, and they kept observing the movement along the way.I didn't feel relieved until I found that everything was normal and there was nothing abnormal.After arriving in Harbin, the school-level war criminals were imprisoned in Daoli Prison, most of the war criminals below captains were imprisoned in Hulan County Prison, and the Puppet Manchukuo war criminals were imprisoned in Jingyang Street Detention Center outside Daowai. On October 25, 1950, the Chinese government solemnly declared "Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Defend the Homeland and the Country", and the Chinese People's Volunteers will cross the Yalu River to join the war.When the war criminals heard the news, they were overjoyed and said that it was all right, the US had found an excuse to attack China, and World War III was about to break out.They believe that the People's Republic of China has just been established, and if it competes with the United Nations led by the United States and Britain, it will be like "an egg hits a rock and kills itself."They thought that the time had come, they made a fuss in the prison, shouted reactionary slogans, sang reactionary songs, worshiped the emperor, painted the Japanese flag, jointly signed and handed out protest letters, yelled at my sentries, and sometimes smashed the bars with their fists, hysterical shouted.They also took advantage of the opportunity to pass notes to each other, conspiring to collude with Japanese outside the prison to escape and riot, in an attempt to cooperate inside and outside when the United States captured the Northeast. In order to achieve the goal of reforming Japanese war criminals, we must first suppress their arrogance, rectify prison regulations, and stop making prison noises.Their troubles in the prison were organized, and the leader was Shigeta Shigeru, a police officer from the Jinzhou Police Department of the Puppet Manchukuo.This person is extremely reactionary and full of Bushido spirit.Wang Jinxiang, director of the Northeast Public Security Bureau, decided to seize this example and talk to Shigeta Shigeru.Before Wang Jinxiang could ask questions, Shigeru Shigeru asked aggressively: "I am a prisoner of war, why should I be detained? Do you understand international law?" Wang Jinxiang said: "Since you understand international law, please answer, which article of international law stipulates that a country can invade another country?" Kamo Shigeta said, "I'm here to help Manchukuo maintain law and order." Wang Jinxiang said: "When did the Chinese people invite you to maintain law and order?" Kamo Shigeta said, "I am following the orders of His Majesty the Emperor." Wang Jinxiang said: "Because you faithfully carried out the orders of the Emperor of Japan, you are veritable war criminals." Although Lu Maofantai raised a series of questions, because Wang Jinxiang refuted them severely according to the law, Lu Maofantai did not dare to continue to resist, so he had to express his self-criticism.After returning to the prison cell, after a fierce ideological struggle, I wrote it 4 times before writing it out.Wang Jinxiang decided to strike while the iron was hot, and asked Fanta Shikama to conduct a public review at the War Criminals Conference.Lu Maofan was too helpless, so he had to make a self-criticism at the meeting, and promised not to make trouble in prison in the future.Shigeta Kamo was known as the "model of the spirit of Yamato" among the war criminals, and he unexpectedly bowed his head in front of the Chinese people.This conference had a great shock effect on all war criminals.In order to take advantage of this model, Sun Mingzhai, the director of the management office, took advantage of the situation to organize a discussion and asked all the war criminals in prison to conduct self-criticism and promise to accept management reform.At this time, we had already won the victory on the Korean battlefield, and immediately publicized to the Japanese war criminals the powerful counterattack of our army, forcing the US military to withdraw step by step to the south, and dispelled their illusions.At the same time, a political offensive was carried out to encourage good performance and criticize bad performance, so that this seemingly "monolithic" "war criminal camp" began to divide. Many war criminals wrote self-criticisms. actions of top war criminals, thus isolating the extreme diehards.Since then, we have grasped their thoughts, and the disturbance in prison has also subsided. These war criminals could not easily bow their knees and plead guilty. Although they did not dare to go to prison, they secretly spread the word among each other: "Those who can't bear it, bear it, and those who suffer, suffer it. Ten years from now, the Japanese flag will still be flying over this place." Some war criminals said behind their backs : "The war of aggression against China is a war of the whole people of Japan. If we are guilty, the Japanese people are all guilty", "We are carrying out the orders of our superiors, and we are not personally responsible", "The Japanese government has apologized to the whole world, and we have no obligation to apologize again ".It can be seen how deep-rooted their delusion of establishing a "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" is.To make them confess their guilt, management alone will not work, and their reactionary thinking must be broken.Therefore, we have adopted the policy of urging them to plead guilty and plead guilty with education and reform, doing arduous and meticulous work.According to their performance, implement the method of winning over the lower levels, dividing the middle levels, shaking the upper levels, and isolating the reactionaries, adopting the steps of first lieutenant level and then general level, first small batches and then large batches, and the method of grasping typical models and promoting the general.Beginning in 1951, the Management Office carried out a plea campaign.On the one hand, the comrades in the management office follow Premier Zhou’s instructions and treat them humanely, without discrimination, insult, or beating or scolding.At the same time, expose their various crimes in the war of aggression against China, refute their reactionary ideas, publicize the policy of combining repression and leniency and relevant laws, exert strong ideological pressure, and arouse these war criminals' intense ideological struggle. The first to stand up and confess their crimes were some lieutenant-level war criminals.Through education, they gradually realized that the invasion of China was completely poisoned by Japanese militarism. They not only confessed their own crimes, but also dared to expose the crimes of their superiors.There were five lieutenant-level officers who were originally from the 65th Division and the 117th Division of the Japanese Army. They rose up to expose five general-level war criminals including the division commander Suzuki Keihisa, Kishikawa Kenichi, and the brigade commander Shimoeda Ryunan.Point out that during their invasion of China, they wantonly carried out the "three alls" policy of killing, looting and burning, and massacred innocent people in our country, raped women, burned down villages, looted property and other crimes.These revelations caused another shock among the war criminals. Some school-level war criminals were vacillating about whether to "kill their lives and become benevolent" behind their backs or plead guilty.Comrades at the management office seized this opportunity, took advantage of the situation, and chose Tadashi Furukai, who confessed earlier, had a better attitude, and had a higher position, prompting him to publicly confess his guilt at the war criminals conference. Tadanobu Furumi is one of the highest representatives of "Manchukuo", the Deputy Minister of General Affairs of the Puppet Manchukuo State Council, the manipulator of Puyi, and one of the most influential figures among war criminals.Before the conference, many war criminals commented: "Can Tadano Furukai plead guilty to China? He is the representative of the Emperor of Japan and one of the decision-makers in the war of aggression against China. Can he betray the Emperor? Maybe he will 'kill his own life' to set an example for his subordinates." .” Speculations vary.According to the reports of some war criminals, in order to suppress the resistance of the Chinese people, Tadashi Gu Hai promulgated the "Public Security Correction Law" and established a "Correction and Counseling Institute". , and even massacred and knifed for public display.Tadanobu Furumi explained the above crimes at the War Criminals Conference, and said: "I have committed an extremely serious and heinous crime. I sincerely apologize to the Chinese people. In the past, I believed that the Chinese people suffered all kinds of disasters, miseries and misfortunes. It was for the sake of Japan. It is also for the benefit of my ancestors. Now I realize that I am simply a dehumanized devil and an unforgivable war criminal. Many Japanese and puppet officials have committed various crimes in implementing the laws and regulations I made. I should bear a heavy responsibility Responsibility, I cannot shirk the great responsibility of taking the precious lives of 12 million Chinese people and robbing China of 50 billion U.S. dollars of wealth. I ask the Chinese government to give me just sanctions, hold me accountable, and sentence me to death, so as to educate Japan. One generation, don’t go my way again.” Tadashi Furumi’s confession not only moved the middle and lower class war criminals, but also began to shake some upper class war criminals.However, there is still a struggle to be made to truly confess the school-level war criminals.Some war criminals are afraid that if they confess, they will be punished more severely, and may even provide the Chinese authorities with a judicial basis for beheading.According to our research, the reason why they did not explain is because they have a spiritual pillar, that is, "the emperor is supreme", "the soul of Yamato", and "the spirit of Bushido".Their spiritual pillar must be destroyed. Launch ideological remolding and carry out political offensive.Centering on political education, starting from breaking down their reactionary world outlook, organize them to study "History of Social Development", "History of Japanese Capitalist Development", "Crimes of U.S. Imperialism in Japan", "The Future of the Japanese People", "International Law" "Wait.Those who have studied well will be praised; those who refuse to study individually will be held in isolation and isolated.In order to deepen the study and dispel their doubts that they will be punished more after confessing, I will further publicize my policy of lenient confession and stricter resistance, and ask them to discuss three questions: (1) Who pushed you to the path of war crimes? (2) How should we view the emperor who started the war?How did you become victims under the Emperor's yoke? (3) How can we end the life of imprisonment and start a new life? After studying and discussing, the ideological struggle of many war criminals became more acute. Inspired by ideological education and policies, they soon set off a climax of confession and prosecution.A lieutenant and squadron leader of the Japanese army committed serious crimes and confessed thoroughly.He confessed frankly: "In the past, I worshiped the emperor and became a loyal lackey of the Japanese militarism. They drove me to the battlefield of aggression against China, but I thought it was the righteousness of the superior nation to guide the inferior nation, and even regarded murder and arson as loyalty to the emperor. A patriotic heroic deed. At the end of 1943, when Xiangyangsi Village in Hubei Province was attacked, the whole village was burned into a sea of ​​flames and thousands of people were killed. My father who sold fish for a living and my mother who was a textile worker hoped that I would commit the crime Is this a crime? No! It’s my superior! It’s Japanese militarism! I want to sue!” Through this study, exposure and accusation, many war criminals came to their senses and believed that the US imperialists were also trampling on the Japanese people when they entered Japan. The so-called invasion of China is a "theory of national survival", which is completely deceiving the Japanese people.However, a small number of general-level war criminals still refuse to bow their heads and plead guilty.Some said: "Murder and arson are all done by lower-level officers."For example, the subordinates of Major General Nagashima Tsutomu, the head of the brigade of the Japanese Army, got up and pointed at Nagashima Tsutomu and said: "May I ask which crime was not committed by you. Are all the crimes committed by our subordinates? It is not your school officer or general officer." Is it?!" Asked Chang Dao Qin speechless.After several contests and disintegrations, the Japanese war criminals also began to fall apart.From then on, in order to fight for leniency, they all began to confess. In order to promote the transformation of Japanese war criminals, the management office gave them love and care from all aspects of humanity.The war criminals ate much better than the troops. The Japanese war criminals were ordered to eat small, medium, and large stoves for generals, colonels, and captains. The staple food was rice and white noodles.In order to reduce their psychological pressure, the guards were removed from the bright guards and replaced with dark guards, and the daily ventilation time was increased to 3 hours, and they were allowed to walk outside and do exercises, and they were checked regularly. War criminals are given the best treatment possible.At first, managers and fighters couldn't figure it out.Faced with the ideological situation of the troops and the arduous and complicated tasks, the leaders of the troops believe that if the troops are not given a strong political and ideological education in a timely manner, not only will they not be able to complete the tasks well, but unexpected things will happen.So it was decided to organize the troops to conduct political studies, and the leaders of the regiment and battalion would give lectures to the troops in person to improve everyone's ideological awareness.During the study, I focused on explaining that the policy on war criminals is mainly to reform them, not to eliminate them.It is their reactionary thoughts, not their bodies, that must be eliminated.It only takes a few minutes to eliminate them, but it is an arduous task to reform them to change their positions and viewpoints and make them bow their heads and confess their sins.In doing so, we are not showing weakness, but showing that we are strong.We have never been afraid of them on the battlefield in the past, but today we caught them and put them in prison, but we are not afraid of them!Japanese war criminals have been educated by militarism for a long time, arrogant and arrogant, superstitious about the emperor and ghosts and gods, and hostile to the Chinese people. Today, we need to make them wake up and restore people's conscience. It takes a process.The education also truthfully told everyone that taking care of war criminals in daily life and letting them eat better is also a reform strategy. It was Premier Zhou's instruction to let them know the Chinese people's magnanimity and awaken their conscience.Through political education, everyone's ideological understanding has been significantly improved. Especially after the soldiers knew that it was Premier Zhou's instruction, they felt that they were short-sighted. On the normal track.Due to the long-term detention in prison cells and lack of activities, the war criminals generally declined in physical fitness despite eating well and wearing warm clothes.At this time, the superior conveyed the important instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao on reforming war criminals through labor.The management office actively implemented it, established a war criminal farm and a tile factory successively, and organized war criminals to undergo labor reform.In the morning, the war criminals had to be escorted to work on the construction site, and in the evening, the war criminals had to be escorted back to work.In this way, the task of the troops has been aggravated, the difficulty of custody has increased, and the soldiers have become more tired.But everyone said that as long as it is beneficial to the ideological reform of war criminals, as long as it is beneficial to the country, no matter how tiring or hard it is, they are willing.In order to prevent accidents, the troops on duty inspected the terrain of the farm and the tile factory in advance, determined the escort route, the distribution of troops and the setting of sentries, and conducted on-the-spot drills.In the first few days when I went to and from work, there were crowds of onlookers standing on both sides of the road, some of whom were looking for revenge.While observing the movement of the war criminals, the sentries also paid attention to the reaction of the masses to prevent people from throwing stones and other objects to hurt the war criminals. In April 1954, the Supreme People's Procuratorate began to interrogate them, asking them to confess their problems honestly, bow their heads to the Chinese people, and accept the punishment of the Chinese people.At the beginning of this work, the war prisoners were under a lot of pressure and had fierce ideological struggles. Some did not eat, some could not sleep, and they lay in bed at night and cried secretly.In order to prevent them from committing suicide, the management office and the soldiers changed the duty plan that focused on preventing war criminals from escaping into a duty plan that focused on preventing war criminals from committing suicide, canceled the patrol team outside the wall, removed some fixed posts in the courtyard, and added The mobile sentry in the cell, and asked the sentry to strengthen their sense of responsibility, carefully observe the ideological changes of each war criminal, and immediately report to the staff on duty in the management station as soon as they find any abnormal phenomenon.Due to the timely modification of the duty plan and the due diligence of the sentinels, the suicide attempts of war criminals have been stopped many times. After some frank confession and confession, the war criminals regained their conscience. They truly realized that they had committed heinous crimes in China, and they also truly saw the generosity of the Chinese people.They regard the Fushun War Criminals Management Center in China as a place of regeneration and the Chinese people as benefactors. In the spring of 1956, in order to further reform the thinking of war criminals, the Management Office organized them to visit and study in the society in three groups in accordance with Premier Zhou's instructions.Organized these war criminals to visit 11 major cities including Shenyang, Anshan, Changchun, Harbin, Tianjin, Beijing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, and Shanghai, and visited 99 units including factories, villages, scientific and cultural departments, and social welfare institutions, and traveled all over the country.Wherever he went, the war criminals were filled with emotion and shed tears of regret.Especially when they visited the places where they had been bloodbathed, they knelt down before the crowd in repentance, weeping bitterly and demanding the death penalty. In June 1956, the Special Military Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court sentenced Japanese war criminals in custody.Whenever the court announced that they were sentenced to prison or exempted from prosecution, they all broke down in tears and repeatedly expressed their apologies to the Chinese people and thanks to the Chinese government for their reformation.A major war criminal who was born in a Japanese peasant family said tearfully: "I am also the son of a peasant, but I became an accomplice of Japanese militarism and came to China to slaughter Chinese peasant brothers. I committed an unforgivable crime to the Chinese people." crime, I apologize to the Chinese people." The war criminals kept bowing to the people present and bowing to the sentries on duty.At this time, everyone really realized the greatness of the Party Central Committee's policy on the reformation of war criminals, and the wisdom of Premier Zhou's instruction of "no one escapes, no one dies".