Chapter 4 〇4. In 1949, thousands of miles escorted Mao Zedong to visit the Soviet Union

As early as the period of the Civil Revolutionary War, the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the Communist International and Stalin was very close.When the War of Liberation was approaching final victory, there were many issues to discuss with Stalin.Therefore, when Chairman Mao led some comrades from the Central Committee to Nanzhuang, Fuping County, Hebei Province in April 1948, he planned to visit the Soviet Union in person and organized a capable delegation to drive to the Sino-Soviet border and the Soviet Union in a jeep. Meeting of Soviet leaders.When the telegram informed Stalin of this plan, Stalin considered the situation of the Chinese revolution and replied: The Chinese revolution is at a decisive juncture, and Chairman Mao Zedong, as the commander in chief, should not leave his post.If there are major issues that need to be discussed, the Soviet side will send a member of the Politburo as a plenipotentiary representative to listen to Chairman Mao's opinions.Chairman Mao immediately accepted the proposal.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party Central Committee once again decided to start preparing for Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union.

December 21, 1949 was the 70th birthday of Stalin. Chairman Mao decided to lead a delegation to celebrate his birthday, exchange views on issues of concern to the two parties, discuss and sign relevant treaties and agreements. Before Chairman Mao left, Stalin telegraphed again: "The security work must be done well, and don't be careless." Safeguarding the safety of Chairman Mao's visits became the most important issue at that time.Zhou Enlai called and found Luo Ruiqing, Minister of Public Security, and Yang Qiqing, Deputy Minister.These days, in order to arrange Chairman Mao's visit, Luo Ruiqing and Yang Qiqing are busy deploying and arranging the defense plan of the Chairman's special train, and have not slept for several days.Defending Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union was the first major foreign event after the founding of New China, and protecting Chairman Mao's security was related to the safety and stability of the country.For the possible situation of Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union, they have formulated comprehensive measures, but they still dare not be careless.According to the plan, the areas visited by Chairman Mao and his entourage are mostly newly liberated areas. Land reform and anti-revolutionary work has not yet been carried out. Although all the railways have been taken over, the internal personnel have yet to be cleared. under construction.Moreover, there are many Kuomintang armed spies infesting activities along the way, coupled with possible internal and external cooperation, the danger must not be underestimated.Zhou Enlai said to them: "The chairman is about to leave, and the public security forces must go all out to ensure the absolute safety of Chairman Mao."

Prior to this, for the safety of Chairman Mao's visit, the public security forces had done a lot of preparatory work and organized the public security forces to clean up bandits along the way, especially in the three northeastern provinces. Zhou Enlai: "We must be meticulous in protecting Chairman Mao's security, and we must not be careless in the slightest. What we are facing is a vicious and vicious enemy, and all difficulties must be considered. The imperialists once used the assassination of the Communist Party leader to sabotage the world revolution. Togliatti, secretary of the Italian Communist Party, and Tokuda Kyuichi, secretary of the Japanese Communist Party, were assassinated one after another.” After talking for a while, Zhou Enlai said: “The enemy agents have reported the chairman’s visit to the Soviet Union to the Taiwan Security Bureau. The central government is worried that hostile forces will use us. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of this visit, the Central Military Commission has ordered the entire army to enter a first-level combat readiness during the chairman’s visit.”

Luo Ruiqing asked Zhou Enlai: "Is the date of the chairman's visit fixed?" Zhou Enlai: "There is no final decision yet. Once it is finalized, I will notify you immediately. However, this major operation is top secret. Don't tell anyone who has nothing to do with it. It must be kept strictly confidential." Zhou Enlai pondered for a moment and then said: "There are no special circumstances. The two of you will send the Chairman to Manzhouli. Pay close attention to the situation along the way and report to me in time. Under normal circumstances, report every four hours, and report at any time under special circumstances."

Luo Ruiqing said: "We have strictly reviewed, adjusted and cleared the troops guarding the railway along the line. The public security forces participating in the guarding are all politically absolutely reliable; The cadres have been reviewed one by one by the party committee, and they are absolutely reliable politically; at the same time, the responsible cadres of the party committees at all levels are required to go deep into the grassroots, stick to their posts, and find and solve problems in a timely manner.” Zhou Enlai said after hearing this: "This is very important. We must mobilize the masses and not engage in isolationism."

Luo Ruiqing said: "We have conducted a comprehensive overhaul of the special train, and sent military engineers to use radar to detect whether there are flammable and explosive materials. Then it will be closed and troops will be guarded 24 hours a day. Anyone who boards the train must have a special pass." Zhou Enlai said: "You can't be sloppy at all, just do it like this." Finally, he said to the two of them: "First, keep it strictly confidential. Both the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Public Security have code names for special trains. The Ministry of Finance stipulates that the special train is 9002. Second, in order to achieve a high degree of confidentiality, responsible party and government cadres in various places generally do not enter the station to see them off, unless the chairman specially summons them. Starting from Beijing, the central leadership comrades do not enter the station to see them off. The security work is carried out by Your Ministry of Public Security has a unified command, and the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Railways is fully responsible for all internal railways and reports to the Ministry of Public Security at any time. All preparations must be completed as soon as possible, and the special train will enter the standby state as soon as possible. Make sure to order and enter the station within 10 minutes. .”

On December 6, 1949, Beijing was covered in silver by a heavy snowfall.Chairman Mao was wearing a silver-gray Chinese tunic suit, a fedora hat, and a coat over his head. He said goodbye to the people who were seeing him off on the platform with vigor.At 8 a.m., Chairman Mao left Xizhimen Railway Station on the first special train code-named 9002 in New China.The train spewed out clouds of white smoke, and drove northward like lightning in the bitter new wind.The golden national emblem of the People's Republic of China hangs on the front of the car, shining dazzlingly in the sun. In order to ensure the safety of Chairman Mao, Luo Ruiqing, the commander of the public security force, personally guarded Chairman Mao with the car.After receiving the task of escorting Chairman Mao to visit, Luo Ruiqing was both nervous and honored.The Party Central Committee handed over the task of escorting to the public security forces, showing full trust in this force.Although this unit has not been established for a long time, with its loyalty to the party and leaders and a high sense of responsibility, it carefully and meticulously guarded the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao's stationing in Beijing, and participated in the first National People's Political Consultative Conference and The founding ceremony.In order to ensure the absolute safety of this visit, martial law has been imposed on all the places the chairman passes along the way.The central column of the public security sent some troops to set up guard sentries along the Beijing-Tianjin railway line.Yang Qiqing, vice minister of public security, and Wu Lie, commander of the column, took the track car together and escorted Chairman Mao's special train to Tianjin.

Wu Lie has worked on the defense front since the period of the Agrarian Revolution. He served as the front committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the head of the security brigade of the National Security Bureau. A member, very good at security work.But this time he still didn't dare to be careless. It was very cold outside. In order to see the railway road clearly, Wu Lie asked the driver to open the window. Leave nothing suspicious.Lessons learned from the past must be taken as a warning. In 1926, the Japanese Kwantung Army decided to use force against Feng Faction warlord Zhang Zuolin in order to establish "Great East Asia Co-Prosperity." They will disperse." So they planned to blow up Zhang Zuolin on his way back to Shenyang from Beijing.Knowing in advance that Zhang Zuolin's train was a blue steel car with a strong body, he installed three explosive packs on the railway in succession.Because vehicles of this color are difficult to see at night, they installed searchlights at the intersections. In the early morning of June 4, when Zhang Zuolin's train arrived, they detonated explosives with a button, blowing up the train on the spot, and Zhang Zuolin died.The experience and lessons of this history should be used for reference.

The special train was moving like lightning, and the public security forces had already started their guard duties along the railway line. Pairs of vigilant eyes were closely watching all directions, and the attendants on the special train were all selected from the central security force one by one.There are three special trains in total, front-drive vehicles and guards in the front, and spare vehicles in the back.The driver is an old war-tested and experienced hero who drives fast and steady.Luo Ruiqing and Yang Qiqing, who shouldered the important task of protecting the safety of Chairman Mao's visit, and the Minister of Railways Teng Daiyuan, the Ministry of Railways Public Security Bureau Feng Ji and others, had to get out of the car to check at each stop and communicate with the front in a timely manner.In order to ensure Chairman Mao's normal work, Luo Ruiqing ordered the train to run at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour.

Chairman Mao's travel life was not monotonous. In a sense, it was no less than a major military operation.At 5:00 p.m., the special train slowly stopped on the platform of the station near Shanhaiguan.Chairman Mao stepped out of the carriage to rest.The snow had stopped, and Luo Ruiqing, Teng Daiyuan and others accompanied Chairman Mao off the train. Looking at the majestic five characters of "No. 1 Pass in the World", Chairman Mao took a few deep breaths of fresh air, and said to the accompanying personnel: "Look, how majestic the No. 1 Pass in the World is. Emperor Wu, Cao Cao, Tang Taizong, etc. all left their footprints here. We are about to leave the customs, so there is no reason not to get off here."

Chairman Mao walked up to the public security soldiers guarding the train and said, "You have worked hard." After that, Chairman Mao walked along both sides of the railway for a while. After the snow cleared, Chairman Mao's broad footprints were left on the thick snow. He looked up at the vast mountains and fell into meditation. Teng Daiyuan closely followed Chairman Mao as guards.In order to prevent accidents, Chairman Mao has strict regulations on the breaks, and each stop time is very short.Seeing him keep looking at his watch, Chairman Mao withdrew his thoughts and said to him, "Is it time?" Teng Daiyuan replied: "We have been off the bus for 20 minutes, should we go?" "You are the minister of protection. This time everything is up to you." Chairman Mao took a deep breath of the cigarette, threw away the cigarette butt and replied humorously. After speaking, he went straight to the car.After the chairman boarded the car and sat down, Luo Ruiqing gave the order for the special train to continue driving. On December 6, Yu Guangsheng, director of the Northeast Railway Administration, arrived in Manzhouli for deployment.Manzhouli Station is Chairman Mao's last stop in China, where Chairman Mao will stop for a while.The Northeast People's Government Chairman Gao Gang and other party and government leaders also arrived one after another to inspect the situation of preparing to pick up the chairman. At 9 a.m. on December 9, the special train stopped on the south side of the platform of Manzhouli Station.Those who greeted Chairman Mao on the platform were the responsible persons from the central government who had arrived in advance to arrange the reception, the relevant responsible persons from the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Northeast People's Government, and the railway department.Among the welcoming crowd were Deputy Foreign Minister Lavrentev from the Soviet Union, Deputy Director of the Diplomatic Department Matveyev, Chairman of the Seven Towers State Soviet Ulov, and the head of the Transbaikal Military District.At the place where the chairman got off the car, soldiers from the public security forces guarded the chairman with live ammunition. The density of guards almost reached two steps and one post. No one without a special pass could pass through the iron wall formed by the public security forces. After a while, several responsible comrades from China and the Soviet Union who got on the train and met with Chairman Mao got off the train and came to the platform.Chairman Mao was full of energy, with a rosy complexion, wearing a high leather hat and a coat, and waved to the welcoming people with a smile on his face.Under the guidance of Yu Guangsheng, director of the Northeast Railway Administration, and Xu Liangchen, station chief of Manzhouli Station, Chairman Mao and his party entered the VIP room of the station. The VIP room is a bungalow, not far from where the chairman parked his car.There is an exquisite table in the room, the table is covered with a green woolen tablecloth, there are more than a dozen leather chairs on both sides of the table, and there are smoked tea and fruits on the table.After sitting down, Chairman Mao listened to a report by Yu Guangsheng, director of the Northeast Railway Administration, on the arrangements for changing trains to leave the country. After listening to the report, Chairman Mao said: "You have made very careful arrangements and carried out according to your plan. You have to follow your instructions when you take the train." Yu Guangsheng introduced Xu Liangchen, the station master of Manzhouli Station, to Chairman Mao.Chairman Mao asked: "How many people are there in the whole station? How big is the task?" After Yu Guangsheng made a report on the general situation, Xu Liangchen added with specific figures: "On average, there are 9 to 10 pairs of trains working on a daily basis." Chairman Mao asked with concern: "Is there any problem?" Xu Liangchen said: "The main problem is that there are few vehicles coming to the broad-gauge, and there is a large backlog of Chinese goods." Chairman Mao said earnestly: "Manzhouli Station is a gate to the northeast of our country and an important port. It must be managed well. The weather is so cold, the equipment is poor, and the tasks are heavy. Everyone has worked hard. Say hello to the employees for me." About a quarter of an hour later, Luo Ruiqing came in and told Chairman Mao that it was time to start the train.Chairman Mao only smoked a cigarette, then stood up.Under the guidance of stationmaster Xu Liangchen and stationmaster Su Fang, they walked out of the VIP room and came to the north side of the broad-gauge waiting room.The Soviet rails are 9 cm wider than our rails, and all incoming and outgoing trains have to change their tracks here.The public security forces stood in two rows with their backs to Chairman Mao.Many people dream of witnessing the demeanor of a great man with their own eyes, and now they can see Chairman Mao just by turning around, but no one did so for the safety of the Chairman, which left a lifetime of regrets. There are special trains for the leaders of the Soviet Party and the country parked here, which were sent to meet Chairman Mao.The train attendants are all Soviets, and only the dining car is equipped with a Chinese chef, in order to cook Chinese food for Chairman Mao and his party.Lavrentev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union and others accompanied Chairman Mao to board the car and arranged a seat for Chairman Mao.Then, Lavrentev, Ulov and others got out of the car and said to the people seeing off: "Please rest assured, Chinese comrades, we promise to take good care of Chairman Mao along the way." The special train started slowly, leaving Manzhouli and headed for the territory of the Soviet Union. During Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union, the entire railway line was like a nerve center, and every movement affected the whole body.The cadres and soldiers of the public security forces guarding the car and along the way all know the weight of the burden on their shoulders. The people in front are nervous, and the people behind are not easy.Liu Juying, deputy commander of the Northeast Railway Public Security Army, was under more pressure than Luo Ruiqing, who was with the chairman's car.When the chairman goes abroad, the safety issue is very important. Like Stalin, the chairman is unwilling to take a plane. He takes the train from Qianmen to Manzhouli. Everything on the railway belongs to his command and dispatch. He also attended the central meeting arrangement.The central government's attitude is very clear, that is, it must be absolutely foolproof and there must be no mistakes.He is in charge of dispatching the railway trains. In order to prevent the enemy from destroying them, the dispatching of the trains is carried out continuously. There are five cars in total. The chairman's car is generally not placed in the middle of the train, as the target is relatively large, and it is usually placed in the second or fourth position. .When Chairman Mao's car arrived in the Soviet Union, Liu Juying bowed in the direction of the Chairman's train and said, "Thank God, Amitabha, nothing happened in the end." In order to ensure that there will be no problems, several people from the public security army will guard a switch fork along the way. The switch fork is locked before the chairman's car passes, and the switch is opened only after the chairman's car passes.In addition to strengthening the security of the special train, they once adjusted the five cars back and forth a dozen times in a small station, and even they themselves couldn't figure out which car the chairman was on.The purpose of this is to prevent the enemy from knowing the position of the chairman's vehicle and destroying it.Moving vehicles around in a small station is not an easy task. At noon on December 16, 1949, Mao Zedong's special car arrived at Moscow's North Station.Molotov, vice chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, and Marshal Bulganin of the Soviet Union greeted Chairman Mao at the station. They knew that Chairman Mao had caught a cold on the way and was not feeling well, so they temporarily canceled the grand welcome ceremony at the station.Because of the cold weather, everything was kept simple. There was only one guard of honor to hold the welcoming ceremony, and it only needed to go around for a while.If you are willing to make a speech, you can submit the speech to the newspaper for publication.After the welcoming ceremony, Chairman Mao came to stay at Stalin's second villa, which was Stalin's residence during the Great Patriotic War and had a large underground headquarters. Stalin met with Chairman Mao that night and asked with concern: "Is the road safe?" Chairman Mao said: "My old friend Chiang Kai-shek is very concerned about my trip. He will definitely give me some small tricks, but we have taken strict precautions." On December 21, Chairman Mao participated in the celebration of Stalin's 70th birthday.On behalf of the Chinese party and government and 500 million people, he delivered a congratulatory message to Stalin, which aroused thunderous applause from the audience.After Chairman Mao delivered his congratulatory speech, Stalin immediately shook hands with him, pushing the atmosphere of unity and enthusiasm to a climax.The celebration of Stalin's birthday was very successful, and then the signing of the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance" began.Chairman Mao considered that it would be more appropriate for this work to be done in the name of the prime minister, so he instructed a domestic government delegation headed by Premier Zhou Enlai to come to the Soviet Union to participate in the Sino-Soviet talks and sign the treaty. On January 20, 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai led a Chinese government delegation to Moscow. On February 14, the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance" was signed. Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union was a complete success, which enhanced his understanding and friendship with Stalin and strengthened the unity and cooperation between China and the Soviet Union on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. On February 17, 1950, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou concluded their visit to the Soviet Union and set off to return home. On February 26, it arrived safely at Manzhouli Station.Chairman Mao originally planned to stop in Manzhouli for a short time to visit the city. Due to the sudden change of the weather, the wind and sand were blowing, and the cold was threatening. After Gao Gang asked Chairman Mao for instructions, the Chairman said, "I won't visit this time." In the VIP room of the station In Li, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou listened to Liu Fuchu's report on the basic situation in Manchuria. Due to the strict security, Mayor Liu Fuchu did not bring a special pass. At first, the security personnel refused to let him see Chairman Mao no matter what. Finally, Premier Zhou Enlai heard voices from outside and came out to meet Liu Fuchu, so the security personnel let him in to meet Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao said: "Manzhouli is an important city on the border of the motherland and a land port for Sino-Soviet trade. People of all nationalities, complete the country's foreign trade tasks, and build the place well." Premier Zhou was also very happy on this day. Twenty-two years ago, he got off at Manzhouli Station and sneaked across the border in a horse-drawn carriage to the Soviet Union to attend the "Sixth Congress" of the Communist Party of China. Today he is returning from a visit to the Soviet Union as the Chinese Premier.After Chairman Mao finished his speech, Premier Zhou went on to say: "Manchuria has a heavy task, and you have completed the glorious task of consolidating the rear and supporting the front. Comrades have worked hard, and make persistent efforts to make new contributions to the economic construction of New China." Chairman Mao continued his conversation with the comrades present and asked his views on the Sino-Soviet talks.In the evening, it was time to get on the train. Under the escort of the guards and soldiers of the public security force, Lavrentev and others from the Soviet side bid farewell to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou. The comrades waved goodbye. At that time, the soldiers of the public security forces stood with their backs to the chairman and their faces outward.The weather is very cold, the temperature reaches minus 44 degrees, and the dripping water turns into ice. The guards and soldiers have to keep blinking their eyes, otherwise they will freeze together after a long time.The uniforms of the troops at that time were not much different from what they are now. Everyone wore belts, thick cotton trousers, leather big-toed shoes, and dog fur hats. Even so, due to the long guard time, many people Wearing a pair of cotton trousers, my legs were still frostbitten.Zhao Tianshun joined the army in 1947. When the chairman returned to China, he was a member of the railway bureau, so he had a better understanding of the situation when the chairman returned to China.Not many people knew about the chairman's going abroad. This matter was top secret. They only received one task, saying that there was an important security task, and they were asked to clean up the station and spray perfume on the toilet.At that time, he felt that there might be an important person coming, but he couldn't figure out who it was, and he later found out that it was Chairman Mao.There were three special trains when the chairman came. The switchmen were all sent from above, and there was one party member per room. Except for those who went to work, the rest were not allowed to enter or leave. Fifty years have passed, and most of the dusty things in history have been declassified. Many files about the sabotage and assassination by the enemy before and after Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union have been made public.From the declassified files, it can be seen that the enemy agents formulated a detailed assassination plan, and Taiwan selected the most experienced operational spies to assassinate Chairman Mao while the train was running.Mao Renfeng ordered: "Notify the General Intelligence Administration and implement according to the plan. The personnel going to the mainland will arrive at their destination on time. The Northeast underground technical column adopts three sets of plans: ABC three sets of plans: first, chase and intercept Mao Zedong's special train from the two wings, control the commanding heights, and adopt surprise attacks; Second, destroy important parts of the railways in the three eastern provinces on a large scale; third, blow up the culvert of the Changchun No. 14 railway, and plant explosives on the Harbin Shuangcheng Railway to blow up the trains." De said: "The bombing of Mao Zedong's special train is the second Huanggutun incident." Brad said excitedly: "It is not only the second Huanggutun incident, its significance is no less than a war. You made a show, now it's up to you." This matter is of great importance, and Mao Renfeng reported it to Chiang Kai-shek immediately after making the deployment.Chiang Kai-shek gritted his teeth and said: Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union was aimed at us. If they signed a treaty of friendship, where would our treaty be placed? Wouldn't it be binding at all?Regardless of the attitude of the Soviet Union, you must preemptively prevent Mao Zedong's visit at all costs, and never let Mao Zedong visit the Soviet Union alive to become a reality. In order to assassinate Chairman Mao, the Kuomintang secret agents once released explosives in the Daxinganling tunnel. The Daxinganling Tunnel was only completed in 1903, and it is also the only way to the Soviet Union. Once it is bombed, Chairman Mao and the railway train will be buried in the long tunnel.In order to ensure the safety of the tunnel and ensure the safe passage of Chairman Mao's special train, many soldiers from the public security forces were added to patrol both sides of the tunnel.When Chairman Mao passed through the Daxinganling Tunnel, Chen Quanyou was in charge of duty.Daxinganling was very cold that year. In order to ensure the safe passage of Chairman Mao's train, they hung quilts at both ends of the Daxinganling tunnel to prevent the water dripping from the top wall of the tunnel and freezing the rails due to the cold, hindering the passage of the train. He was in charge of hanging and taking off the quilt every day.On the day when Chairman Mao's special train passed by, the patrol team found a huge boulder on the railway. While clearing it and moving it, cold shots were fired from the mountain, and a soldier was injured.The troops immediately organized personnel to surround the enemy agents. After fierce fighting, three enemy agents were finally killed.On the tracks, public security forces also found miniature landmines made in the United States.After the efforts of the public security officers, the enemy's conspiracy went bankrupt, and Chairman Mao's special car passed through the Daxing'anling Tunnel safely.Chiang Kai-shek was very angry when he learned about it, so he called Mao Renfeng and ordered him to blow up Chairman Mao's car at all costs. Chairman Mao's train ran non-stop for a long distance.In order to ensure that the chairman has a rest, he decided to take a rest in Harbin.The provincial public security corps was ordered to be responsible for the security, and Wang Huacheng, the political commissar of the provincial public security force, specifically directed the security mission. When Chairman Mao returned to China, he stayed at No. 1 Yiyuan Street, Harbin City for one night. This building, which does not seem outdated now, has a history of 80 years. On February 27, 1950, when Chairman Mao came to his residence, he saw some Western paintings and sculptures hanging everywhere, so he asked the leading comrades of the provincial party committee who accompanied him: "What house do you live in?" The leading comrades of the Provincial Party Committee said: "I live in a building." The chairman said: "We don't forget the people when we enter the city." The leading comrades of Heilongjiang Province asked Chairman Mao to write an inscription.Chairman Mao thought for a while and wrote "Don't Contaminate Bureaucratic Style". After inspecting Harbin, Chairman Mao told the leading comrades of the provincial party committee that Harbin, a consumer city, should be turned into a production city. Chairman Mao wrote five inscriptions in the only city in his life, which became the pride of the people of Heilongjiang Province.In the dormitory where Chairman Mao lived, it still looks like it was 50 years ago.On Chairman Mao's bed, there are books he had read, including "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", "On Marx, Engels and Marxism", and so on.For this visit, relevant departments specially made two boxes for Chairman Mao, one for books and one for clothes.After Chairman Mao returned from his visit, he gave one of the boxes to the guard Li Jiaji. When Chairman Mao came to Harbin to rest, Wang Huacheng stood guard outside the house where Chairman Mao lived.He sat on the sofa outside and didn't dare to close his eyes all night. When Chairman Mao was eating in Harbin, in order to ensure absolute safety, Wang Huacheng ordered all the waiters in the hotel to withdraw, and all selected politically reliable directors of the public security forces to serve Chairman Mao's meals.The cook who cooks for the chairman is a model worker and an old party member, but in order to be responsible for the safety of the chairman, when the chef is cooking, the guards are always watching. The next day the train continued as planned.The train departed from Harbin, and Wang Huacheng didn't know until five minutes before the departure of the train. When the train arrived in Changchun, Xie Fuzhi and Luo Ruiqing went to the station to pick up Chairman Mao.After the plan to bomb Chairman Mao's special train in the Daxing'anling Tunnel failed, the Kuomintang secretly ordered Yu Ziyang, a secret agent lurking in Changchun, to carry out the assassination plan.Yu Ziyang is a special agent of the Central Unification Bureau of the Kuomintang. He lurked after the liberation of Changchun. In order to cover it, he rented a two-story building on Shengli Street in Changchun City. He gathered more than a dozen people including Jin Xiaoke to form a latent team.Yu Ziyang conspired with Liu Jinpeng, a special agent who was mixed into the railway, to throw explosives on Siping Road and place large stones at the turnout in an attempt to subvert the train and harm Chairman Mao.In order to implement this plan, Liu Jinpeng also developed Miao Yannian, Nan Yunhai and other people inside the railway to coordinate actions during the implementation of the plan.This important situation was learned by the Public Security Bureau, and Liu Yexiong, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, demanded close surveillance and regular detection of cases. There was also an episode in Changchun, when the train was 15 minutes late.The delay was to confuse the enemy agents, and the train was transferred again.Under the Dongjiang Bridge, after the guards discovered the explosives placed by the enemy and the damaged railway studs, they removed them in time, and the train passed on time. The news of Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union was made public later.In order to show the importance attached to Chairman Mao's visit, the Soviet Union announced the welcome situation of each place where Chairman Mao went, which made the security work more difficult. On March 4, 1950, Chairman Mao visited the Soviet Union and returned home, and the central column continued to undertake the line guard work.After the news of this visit was made public, the column accepted the task of guarding the section of Beijing-Tianjin Road Yongdingmen Station on February 22, and issued an order on February 26, requiring all the troops on duty to be foolproof, and there should be no compromises in technology, equipment, or public security. The problem is that the railway cannot be hindered, threatened or destroyed in any way, so as to ensure the safe passage of Chairman Mao's return train to Beijing. Zou Yan was the political commissar at the time, and he and Wu Lie made a clear division of labor and regulations on the tasks of the two divisions.The first division is responsible for the security work from Yongdingmen Station to Yangcun Station, with a total length of 58 kilometers and 4 stations.After receiving the order, the leaders of each division surveyed the terrain along the railway. At 10:00 on March 1st, the first division departed from Haidian and Qinghe, and the second division departed from Xiangshan, and marched towards designated locations on foot or by car.After each unit arrived at the designated location, the cadres observed the terrain along the way, divided the task sections, and sent guard troops to each bridge, crossing, and station.Command posts have been set up at all levels, and the column command post is located in Fengtai, under the charge of Zou Yan.Wu Lie and Yang Qiqing arrived in Tianjin ahead of schedule and picked up Chairman Mao from Tianjin to return to Beijing.The command post of the first division was set up in Huangcun, under the charge of deputy commander Cai Jiu; the command post of the first regiment under its jurisdiction was set up in Fengtai, under the charge of regiment leader Zhou Jianlian; the command post of the third regiment was set up in Huangcun, under the charge of regiment leader Guo Jifang; The command post of the division is located in Langfang, under the charge of division commander Liu Huishan; the command post of the fifth regiment under its jurisdiction is located in Wanzhuang, under the charge of regiment leader Nie Chenglong; the command post of the fourth regiment is located in Dou Zhangzhuang, under the charge of regiment leader Hui Jinxian . On March 4, the on-duty troops conducted a comprehensive inspection of the railway bridges, turnouts, spikes, sleepers, and signal flags, and searched within 50 meters on both sides of the roadbed. Zou Yan personally inspected along the way with a roller truck.At 14:00 on the same day, all the security forces entered their duty positions, and the troop density reached more than 28 people per kilometer. At 22:00, Chairman Mao's special train passed safely, and at 24:00 the alert was lifted. While on duty, incidents such as enemy agents shooting sentries, stealing wires, putting stones on rails, and explosives under bridges occurred, all of which were discovered and dealt with in time without causing damage or injury.All the cadres and soldiers feel extremely honored to be able to carry out this task, and they all have a high sense of responsibility. There are more than 490 cadres participating in this task in the whole column, and each class has 1 or 2 cadres.Each battalion cadre is in charge of a station or a company.After the duty team arrived at the duty position, they tried every means to investigate and understand the railway situation, and searched for explosives along the roadbed.Some soldiers were worried about checking the bridges, and they were not afraid of the cold. They went down into the water and checked again and again, and checked every time a train passed the station, lest there would be loopholes.Many fighters said that it doesn't matter if they check whether explosives blow them up, as long as they can complete the task.This simple language expresses a high sense of responsibility for defending Chairman Mao.The army didn’t trust the railway department at that time. It was just liberated, and there were mixed personnel on the railway. Rural stations were all in charge of the cadres from the regiment. Zou Yan was in charge of commanding in Fengtai, and the station could be dispatched as it wanted. Everything was for the special train.The train that the chairman was on stopped at Yongdingmen, then got off and took the car that was already waiting here to go back. Before Chairman Mao came back, the public security forces captured Mao Renfeng's lurking radio station in Beijing in one fell swoop.At this point, the enemy's assassination plot to sabotage Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union was completely bankrupt. During Chairman Mao's visit this time, he signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance" with the Soviet Union.The signing of the treaty marked the great success of Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union.This visit played an important role in strengthening the international status of New China and maintaining world peace.