Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Eve

On May 21 of this year, under the instigation of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, the great warlord He Jian who was entrenched in Wuhan suddenly turned his face and used the butcher knife, causing the people of Jiangcheng to fall into a sea of ​​swords and flames...Nine years later, the capture of Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an At this moment, he actually hangs the butcher knife between the murals of poems and proses, shaking his head and thinking of Amitabha Buddha.This is something. At this time, He Jian, who had already climbed to the military seat of the 35th Army of the Kuomintang, did not have the slightest heart of a bodhisattva. Without blinking his eyes, he intensified his efforts and ordered his 33rd Regiment Commander Xu Zhi to go to the military station. Ke Yang: Bloodbath in Changsha!

The communists and progressives in Changsha were poured into a pool of blood in large numbers. This is the "Ma Day Incident" that shocked the people of the country.Horse day is the abbreviation of the old 21st day (the old poems and books list the words that rhyme with "horse" and "horse" in the 21st rhyme of Shangsheng, so it is called). The "Ma Ri Incident" echoed the Xia Douyin rebellion that occurred in Hubei on the 17th of this month, and was actually a continuation of the "April 12" and "April 15" massacres. Learn from the pain and make up for it.

Faced with such a cruel reality, the young Communist Party of China quickly sobered up after a period of serious confusion, and weighed the weight of the gun.In Shanghai, Zhou Enlai, who was plain and full of righteousness, together with Zhao Shiyan, Luo Yinong, Chen Yannian, Li Lisan and others, wrote a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China shortly after the "April 12" massacre, urging "to send troops to attack Chiang Kai-shek quickly."Qu Qiubai immediately stepped forward and issued his call at the "Fiveth National Congress" of the Communist Party of China, strongly criticizing the rightist capitulationism of Chen Duxiu and Peng Shuzhi.In late June of that year, Cai Hesen sent a heartbroken letter to the Standing Committee of the Central Committee: "We sit here and wait for others to deal with it, which is no different from swimming in the bottom of the cauldron!" Mao Zedong from Xiangtan proposed with his superhuman courage: The peasant self-defense army should Up the hill, "created the basis of military power".

Indeed, there is no other way out but armed confrontation with the enemy. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China can only make up its mind to "withdraw the Communist Party members who participated in the National Government" and prepare to hold an emergency meeting to study how to fight the Kuomintang reactionaries for a long time.The main contents of this meeting were, first, to decide to launch the Autumn Harvest Uprising, second, to decide to hold the Nanchang Uprising, and third, to reorganize the central leadership core.The venue is scheduled to be in Wuhan. So what about the Democratic Party?

Wang Jingwei is not a fool, he took action as soon as he smelled something wrong. In mid-July, they began to block trade unions and peasant associations on a large scale, and continued to arrest and massacre communists.They have an extremely crazy slogan called "It is better to kill a thousand people in vain than let one slip through the net!". This scene is shocking.How can the Communists sit still and wait for death? Under such circumstances, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou on August 7 of this year.Due to the very dangerous situation, the meeting could only be held for one day, and more than 20 people who attended the meeting secretly and scattered were locked up in the apartment-style house at No. 41 Sanjiao Street (now No. 139 Poyang Street).Comrade Deng Xiaoping was responsible for the specific organization of the meeting.

At the beginning of the meeting, Rominaz, the representative of the Comintern, made a rather long report.He discussed the class relationship in Chinese society, the land revolution and peasant issues, the relationship between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang, the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the Communist International and other major issues.He also emphasized in the report: "At present, China has entered the period of agrarian revolution, and the agrarian revolution can lead the Chinese revolution to another new stage. Only the proletariat can lead the peasants, and only under the leadership of the proletariat can the peasants achieve their own goals." Liberation.” At the same time, he also revealed some erroneous views, such as unrealistically emphasizing “resolutely opposing the bourgeoisie”, and the Chinese Communist Party “should not withdraw from the Kuomintang now”.

Rominaz's report aroused heated discussions, and successive speakers included: Mao Zedong, Deng Zhongxia, Cai Hesen, Peng Gongda, Luo Yinong, Ren Bishi, Li Zifen, and Qu Qiubai. Sharp, humorous and to the point, Mao Zedong's speech.He compared the united front of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation to a new house, saying that the leaders of our party "like a bride on a sedan chair, reluctantly moved into this empty house, but never had the determination to be the owner of this house."He thought it was a big mistake.Then when it came to the peasant issue, he pointed out sharply: "The vast masses inside and outside the party want revolution, but the party's guidance does not make revolution. It is really suspected of being counter-revolutionary."This sentence is obviously aimed at Chen Duxiu's capitulationism.When it came to military issues, he put forward for the first time the idea that political power grows out of the barrel of a gun, and very seriously criticized the mistake of the party's leadership in "doing not engage in military campaigns, but exclusively in mass campaigns."He said: "For example, the Autumn Harvest Rebellion must be military. This meeting should pay attention to this issue. The Standing Committee of the new Politburo must be stronger and pay attention to this issue. Hunan's failure this time can be said to be entirely due to the subjective errors of scholars, and we must pay great attention to it in the future. The military must know that power is achieved through the barrel of a gun."

Cai Hesen's speech can also be described as sharp-tongued, pointing directly at Chen Duxiu's right-leaning opportunism.He was said to have been so agitated that he stood up and his voice grew louder as he spoke.He said: "The problem now is how to correct past mistakes. Since the international directive, there has been a panic among the upper echelons of the party. I think this is not enough to panic. Because to change the party's leadership, new leaders must be replaced. The patriarchal system is no longer applicable and must be overthrown.” When Peng Gongda talked about the lessons of the past, it can be said that he was heartbroken.He pointed out: "In the past, the central government was completely a peaceful, non-revolutionary party, not a party of struggle. The peasants in the countryside had already risen to seize power, but the party blocked it instead. The party thought that peasant riots were primitive, and that they were fleeing from the struggle of the masses. Completely go on the road of non-revolution and counter-revolution.”

When it comes to the bottom line, many people are too angry to be themselves.Some debates have reached a fever pitch, changing the past style of innocuous criticism within the party. At the end of the discussion, Qu Qiubai made a report on the party's new tasks on behalf of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee.In his report, he emphasized: "The peasants demanded a riot" and "we must ignite the fire of this outbreak to cause an agrarian revolution." The last item of the meeting was to reorganize the original Politburo and elect alternate members of the temporary Politburo after serious deliberation and discussion.

At the critical juncture of the Chinese revolution, the "August 7th" meeting resolutely corrected Chen Duxiu's right opportunist mistakes, and established the general policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries. Establish revolutionary bases and persist in large-scale armed struggles.Since then, Chen Duxiu's right opportunism has not flourished, and it has died. On the eve of this meeting, Nanchang fired the first shot against the Kuomintang reactionaries.Soon, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Guangzhou Uprising, the Hailufeng Uprising, the Hainan Island Uprising, the Jute Uprising, and the Yiheng Uprising broke out...

In more than a year, from Wuzhi Mountain to the Songliao Plain, from the east coast to the Shaanxi-Gansu Plateau, more than 100 armed riots occurred, like a vigorous and continuous volcanic eruption.