Chapter 41 Boundary holds party congress

With the foundation of continuous development of party organizations at all levels along the border and the approval of higher-level party organizations, the establishment of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee was a matter of course. If you want to form a Hunan-Jiangxi border special committee, just make it official!Taking advantage of the temporary stability obtained by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army after World War II, Mao Zedong and others decided to hold the first party congress in the counties on the Hunan-Jiangxi border. On May 20, 1928, the first congress of the Communist Party of China on the Hunan-Jiangxi border was held at Xie's Shengong Temple in Maoping, Ninggang.

Representatives from the 5 county committees of Ninggang, Yongxin, Suichuan, Lianhua, and Lingxian, as well as the Chaling Special District Party Committee and the Army Party attended the meeting. About 60 people attended the meeting. Regionally, it is quite large. Mao Zedong presided over the congress. There were four items on the agenda of the meeting: (1) Summarize the experience and lessons learned in the six months since the establishment of the Jinggangshan base area; (2) Discuss and formulate policies and political platforms for consolidating and developing the base area; (3) Discuss how to deepen the issue of the land revolution; (4) Elections A leading organization was produced, and the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was established.

A few years later, in 1936, in his book "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War" summarizing the experience of the Second Civil Revolutionary War, Mao Zedong talked about an issue related to this congress. He described it like this : "From the winter of 1927 to the spring of 1928, not long after the Chinese guerrilla war broke out, some comrades in Jinggangshan, the border area between Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, raised the question of 'how long will the red flag be fought', we put it It was pointed out (the first congress of the Hunan-Kiangsi Border Party). Because this is the most basic question, we cannot move forward without answering the question of whether the Chinese revolutionary base areas and the Chinese Red Army can exist and develop.”

Regarding the pessimistic view of "how long will the red flag be fought", Mao Zedong was not ambiguous at all.He believes that if we cannot make everyone understand the possibility of the long-term existence of the small red separatists in China, we will not be able to give everyone the strong confidence to persist in the struggle in the base areas.Therefore, Mao Zedong analyzed the situation and characteristics of the Chinese revolution at the first congress of the Hunan-Jiangxi border party, clarified the reasons and conditions for the long-term existence of small red separatists, and clearly answered this most basic question.It should be said that this was a major achievement of the first congress of the Hunan-Jiangxi border party.

On the basis of summarizing the experience and lessons of the Jinggangshan base in the past six months, the conference discussed and determined policies for consolidating and developing the base.In his article "The Struggle in Jinggang Mountains", Mao Zedong summarized these policies into the following: resolutely fight against the enemy, establish a political power in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, and oppose escapism; go deep into the land revolution in the separatist areas; the party in the army helps the local party The development of the armed forces of the army helps the development of local armed forces; take a defensive position against Hunan, where the ruling power is relatively strong, and take an offensive against Jiangxi, where the ruling power is relatively weak; use great efforts to manage Yongxin, create a separate regime for the masses, and arrange long-term struggles; concentrate the Red Army's cameras To meet the current enemy, oppose the division of troops, and avoid being broken by the enemy one by one; the expansion of the separatist areas adopts a wave-like advance policy and opposes the aggressive policy.These seven policies were called "correct" policies by Mao Zedong, and they indeed played a very positive role in the construction of the Jinggangshan base area.During the months of hard struggle after the Hunan-Kiangsi Border Party Congress, it was precisely because of these policies that the base area "struggled against the enemy for four months with less than four regiments." , so that the areas under separate regimes will expand day by day, the agrarian revolution will deepen day by day, popular power will spread day by day, and the Red Army and Red Guards will expand day by day.”

The conference discussed the issue of in-depth agrarian revolution, and decided to carry out a comprehensive and in-depth agrarian revolution in the Hunan-Jiangxi border to attack local tyrants and divide land.The General Assembly also adopted resolutions on political issues, political discipline, riot slogans, and political platforms. The General Assembly elected the first committee of the Hunan-Jiangxi Boundary Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. Regarding the composition of the first special committee, Mao Zedong wrote in the article "The Struggle in Jinggangshan": "On May 20, the first congress of the border party was held in Maoping, Ninggang, and the first special committee was elected. There are twenty-three members, and Mao Zedong is the secretary." Here, there is no specific list of the 23 members of the Special Committee.

In the mid-1980s, a complete list of the first committee of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was suddenly found in the archives of the Anhua County Archives in Hunan Province: 19 members of the special committee: Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Liu Yinsheng , Wan Xixian, Tan Zhenlin, Liu Tianqian, Xie Guibiao, Long Gaogui, Wang Zuo, Long Shouyu, He Zhihua, Liu Yan, Tan Puxiang, Chen Jingjin, Chen Zhengren, Liu Huixiao, Chen Shao, Liu Zhen.Among them, Mao Zedong, Wan Xixian, Liu Zhen, Tan Zhenlin, and Xie Guibiao are the standing committee members.Mao Zedong served as the secretary, Wan Xixian was in charge of the organization work, and Liu Zhen was in charge of the propaganda work.

According to investigations, after the Hunan-Kiangsi border party's "big congress", the list of members of the special committee was published in the special committee's "notice book". In July 1928, the 28th and 29th regiments of the Fourth Red Army moved to Chenzhou, Hunan Province. During the battle, some documents were intercepted by the enemy. Later, the Political and Training Department of the 16th Army of the Kuomintang compiled an excerpt of the intercepted list into the title " The Conspiracy of the Communist Party of Hunan and Jiangxi". Speaking of which, our enemies preserved this precious historical material for us.

The 19 people mentioned in this list are slightly different from the 23 people recorded by Mao Zedong.After research, Mao Zedong's article "The Struggle in Jinggangshan" was his report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 25, 1928.Prior to this, on June 26, in the "Instruction Letter of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Hunan-Jiangxi Special Committee and the Military Commission of the Fourth Army on Military Work", it had clearly instructed: "The Provincial Committee appointed Comrade Yang Kaiming as the secretary of the special committee, Yuan Wencai Participate in the special committee, and appoint the two most capable comrades from Lianhua to work on the special committee.” The 19 people selected initially, plus the 4 people designated by the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, were exactly the 23 people Mao Zedong had recorded.

The first congress of the Communist Party of China on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi was held for three days and ended on May 22. The Hunan-Jiangxi Boundary Special Committee is the highest leading body of the border party, which unifies the leadership of the Fourth Red Army Military Commission and the party organizations of the border counties.Mao Zedong served as the secretary of the special committee, and Chen Yi served as the secretary of the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army. The special committee was set up in the Panlong Academy in Maoping, Ninggang. At first, there were only one or two staff members. Later, the Standing Committee was gradually centralized to work, and offices such as propaganda, organization, and secretaries were established, and they truly took on the leadership of border work. The responsibility has played a positive role in the rapid expansion of the base area and the work of the border counties.

After the establishment of the Hunan-Jiangxi Boundary Special Committee, the post of secretary was changed several times. At the end of June, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee appointed Yang Kaiming to act as Mao Zedong’s secretary of the special committee. In mid-August, the special committee held an emergency meeting in Jiupi Village, Yongxin, and elected Yang Kaiming as secretary; Secretary Tan Zhenlin acted as secretary; in early October, Yang Kaiming was still elected as secretary at the second congress of the Boundary Party, but because he was too sick to keep working, Tan Zhenlin acted as secretary again; in November, Yang Kaiming's condition did not improve , the Standing Committee was reorganized, with Tan Zhenlin as secretary; in December, because "Tan Zhenlin was not suitable to work in the special committee, so he transferred the work of the former committee", the Standing Committee was reorganized again, with Deng Qianyuan as secretary.Such frequent replacement of special committee secretaries has also had a certain impact on border work.