Chapter 12 Chapter 2 Emergency

"The husband's style is born on the ground, starting at the end of Qingping." There are 450,000 large and small private enterprises (self-employed) in Wenzhou. The scale and speed of this huge group’s annual renewal are also very large. Nearly 10,000 new enterprises are born almost every year. At the same time, there are six to seven thousand Old businesses die.Just like the ecological circle, the law of survival of the fittest also applies in Wenzhou's enterprise circle, and effective replacement is conducive to maintaining the vitality of the economy. However, with the outbreak of the crisis, the speed of closure of private enterprises in Wenzhou began to accelerate significantly, and a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises died.

This matter is by no means accidental. On April 5, 2011, Qingming Festival, all employees of Zhejiang Jiangnan Leather Co., Ltd. located in Longwan District, Wenzhou had a day off. No one thought that this leave would go on like this. Soon, the news that "the yellow crane is gone forever" began to spread among small and medium-sized business owners in Wenzhou.Only then did the employees of Jiangnan Leather know that the chairman of the company, Huang He, and his family had mysteriously "disappeared" during the Qingming Festival. Established in 2002, Jiangnan Leather is engaged in the development, production and sales of high-grade PU. After nearly 10 years of development, it has become a well-known enterprise in Wenzhou, with a factory area of ​​more than 40,000 square meters and more than 300 workers.

The strength of Jiangnan Leather is obvious to all. In 2009, when the financial crisis hit fiercely, Jiangnan Leather still bucked the trend and rose, with sales of 282 million yuan and total profits and taxes of 18 million yuan.Therefore, whether it is in the hearts of workers or in the eyes of the outside world, Jiangnan Leather is full of vigor and prosperity, with a bright future. Until the Dongchuang incident, Huang He, the helmsman of Jiangnan Leather, kept everything very well.Because of this, Huang He was able to obtain a large amount of private financing and huge loans from banks by virtue of the strong strength and high-quality reputation of Jiangnan Leather.

An even more absurd rumor is that the day before Qingming Festival, the boss of a guarantee company offered to lend money to Huang He. At that time, Huang He replied on the phone that the bank transfer was too late unless the cash was sent to the airport tomorrow.The next day, before Huang He "disappeared", he also took 5 million yuan in cash from the boss of the guarantee company, and brought them on the plane together. Soon, the Assets Clearance and Capital Verification Working Group jointly established by various departments of the Longwan District Government of Wenzhou intervened in the Jiangnan leather incident.

In less than a month, the "painted skin" of Jiangnan Leather was completely uncovered. Behind the infinite scenery is the heavy debt: the debt of banks and guarantee companies involved in Jiangnan Leather is about 200 million yuan. It has a direct or indirect loan relationship with it; in addition, as of May 5, the number of creditors who have registered with the working group with relevant certificates has reached 101, and the amount of private lending liabilities has reached 137 million yuan. Such bad deeds are unexpected to everyone, and they are deeply puzzled-where does the huge debt come from?

Since then, there has been a lot of discussion in the market, and rumors that Huang He owed huge gambling debts due to gambling continued: "Jiangnan Leather Chairman Huang He was lured by an international gambling group to participate in large-scale gambling, owed a huge amount of gambling money and fled abroad, causing the overall operation of the company to be paralyzed. .” In Wenzhou's small and medium-sized enterprise crisis, Huang He is certainly not the first business owner to "flee". He is just the first person to attract the collective attention of the media.After the Yellow Crane, Wenzhou business owners "fleeing" followed one after another.

There is a shoe factory named "Jubang" in Longwan District, Wenzhou City. Once upon a time, this shoe factory was a signature profit-tax enterprise that made Longwan District proud. Many people who came to Longwan to work in this shoe factory the lucky ones. "The wages of 'Ju Bang' shoe industry are always higher than those of other factories, and the wages here are always on time", this is the voice of all the employees of "Ju Bang". However, in 2011, the workers of "Jubang" suddenly discovered that when it came time to pay their salaries, the boss did not hand over their salaries to them on time as usual. Instead, there were a large number of eager debt collectors gathered at the door.

There are all kinds of debt collectors gathered at the gate of "Jubang", some are suppliers of raw materials, some are buyers who are waiting for a refund, and some are sellers who want to get their deposit back. Although their identities are different, the reasons why these people come here are all The same: I heard that the boss of "Ju Bang" ran away. The main business of "Jubang" shoe industry is to manufacture women's shoes for foreign trade. In Longwan District, "Jubang" has two factories and three production lines, and is one of the largest shoe-making enterprises in the local area.

In 2008, in the face of the financial crisis, the appearance of the "giant state" was obviously much stronger.Due to the introduction of new production technology and style design, the production cost of "Ju Bang" has dropped, but the order has increased. The “Great State” at that time was in sharp contrast with other local enterprises: employee benefits did not decline, bank loans were repaid on time, raw material suppliers did not default in payment for goods, and even the profits and taxes handed over to the government did not decrease.Sustained and stable profitability, and a friendly boss who repays loans on time, all these have given "Jubang" a very high reputation in the local area.Even, some suppliers who cooperate with "Great State" sometimes offer to offer that the payment is late for one or two months.

On July 27, 2011, Wang Hexia, the general manager of "Jubang" shoes industry, held a management meeting, announcing that the workshop staff will be on holiday for 7 days, and they will go to work as usual on August 3, during which the administrative staff will go to work as usual; Staff living expenses 20 yuan.The employees left the factory happily, thinking that this must be another benefit given to them by the boss. But on July 28, when the administrative staff came to work, they found that the doors of the offices of the general manager and the factory director were locked, and the phones of the senior leaders were also turned off. No one in the entire factory knew the identity of their boss Wang Hexia. where to go.

On August 1, 2011, the fact that no one thought of was disclosed by the Longwan District Footwear Industry Association.On the same day, they sent an "Internal Bulletin" to all member companies, the main content of which was that Wang Hexia, the owner of the "Ju Bang" shoe industry, was in debt and fled abroad. On August 3, the workers who had finished their vacation came back to work one after another. At the door, there was no boss who always warmly welcomed them, let alone the salary that should have been paid to them long ago. Instead, a police car constantly patrolled and appeared from time to time. coming creditors. The workers began to panic. None of them had read the "Internal Bulletin" issued by the Longwan District Footwear Industry Association, let alone told them what happened. what is the problem. Fortunately for the workers, on August 7, under the coordination of the government, Wang Hexia's father remitted 1 million yuan to the company's account, and most of the workers' wages were settled. Compared with these workers, the various creditors of the "Great State" shoe industry are not so lucky. Due to the good credit foundation of the "Ju Bang" shoe industry, some of its creditors began to accept the arrears of the "Ju Bang" shoe industry for purchases a few years ago. For them, it was almost impossible for Wang and Xia to escape. Believe in fact. As the news spread, more and more creditors became convinced that Wang Hexia's "running away" was not groundless, but real.The terrified creditors began to look for the checks issued by the "Ju Bang" shoe industry. When they went to the bank to withdraw cash, they found that these accounts belonging to "Ju Bang" had been frozen.But until now, many people still couldn't figure out why such a big boss would just run away like this? On the surface, the "running" companies all stem from the pressure of a broken capital chain, but the real reason is that each has its own misfortune. On April 19, more than 200 employees of Gangshangji Hotel, Portman Cafe and Lai Porter Fast Food Restaurant in Wenzhou City received a long vacation notice because their boss, Yan Qin, was unable to get through the phone calls of Chen Jie and his wife. up. In the eyes of employees, Yan Qinwei is a very hardworking boss.Like many Wenzhou business owners, Yan Qinwei's accumulation of wealth was quite difficult. In the 1990s, Yan Qinwei started as a small shop, and later developed into a supermarket. The Portman Cafe was founded in 2002.After three or four years of development, Portman Cafe has 5 branches in Wenzhou City. At the same time, Yan Qinwei started to expand, established a fast food processing factory and set up dozens of fast food restaurants. Unfortunately, by 2008, the newly opened fast food restaurants were not sought after by the market, and the original coffee shops were also closed for various reasons.In order to think about change again, Yan Qin took a multi-pronged approach and established the Gang Shang Kee Hotel specializing in seafood, and opened several olive oil specialty stores. In order to maintain the growing stall, Yan Qinwei began to borrow large sums of money from the bank. In 2011, money tightened and the company's capital turnover was difficult. Yan Qinwei had no choice but to ask for help from private lenders.Unexpectedly, once I stretched out my hand, I couldn't turn my head back. For several years, Yan Qin, who was trying to make a big splash in the catering industry, owed more than 10 million yuan to the bank and several million yuan in private loan sharks.Seeing the sluggish business and the snowballing high-interest debt, Yan Qin was overwhelmed by the couple and chose to leave. Fortunately for the employees, the self-made Boss Yan, who was brilliant for a while and then ran away in a hurry, has not lost his conscience. It is said that he also left 600,000 yuan for employees to pay wages, and left cars and real estate for construction companies to pay off debts. When Yan Qinwei disappeared, Chen Fucai, the boss of Sanqi Group, left without saying goodbye.Sanqi Group, located in Yueqing, Wenzhou, can be traced back to the Yueqing Huatong Cable Factory in 1984.From cables and wires to wine production and real estate investment, Sanqi has become a diversified group company.The bigger the spread, the greater the risk. In the end, Sanqi's capital chain was broken, and the wind and rain were precarious. In the next two months, Fan Mou, a shareholder of Wenzhou Tietong Electric Alloy Industry Co., Ltd., and Ye Jianle, a shareholder of Zhejiang Tianshi Electronics Company, followed Chen Fucai's example and fled with debts. On the Wenzhou Economic Circle Pareto Public Policy Salon on the 1st. There is also an even more bizarre boss "running away" plot. On the eve of the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2011, Wenzhou Aomi Fluid Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. was quite surprised. In previous years, the welfare was only a box of instant noodles, but this year it received a notice from the company that all employees, including security guards, went to Yandang Mountain for vacation.In the face of such surprises, no one thought that this was a "plan to divert the tiger away from the mountain".When the employees of Omi returned from their travels contentedly, they found that the company's tens of millions of precision processing equipment were missing, and at the same time, the company's chairman and executives collectively "evaporated". Since the beginning of 2011, the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou have staged a "running wave".In September alone, there were more than 20 "runaway" bosses.As a matter of fact, there is no way to accurately count the exact number of enterprises that have run away and stopped working. In addition to the famous small and medium-sized enterprises that have been reported in the newspapers, there are also a large number of small and micro enterprises that have run away, stopped working, and closed down quietly. .In the rustling autumn wind, the eyes are full of bleakness, and no one cares about the falling of those inconspicuous leaves. The owner's "running away" has obviously also affected the business of the local five-star Shangri-La Hotel in Wenzhou. From time to time, the hotel manager finds that the boss who stayed in the hotel the night before made headlines in the newspaper the next day—"running away"! Looking back on the past, "running away" is not an accident. Since 2008, Wenzhou's private capital, which has been suffering continuously, began to frantically look for new investment targets like a wild beast.Against the background of the global economic depression and the tightening of domestic macro policies, Wenzhou Capital began to feel that industrial investment has become more and more elusive.As a result, more and more private capital in Wenzhou began to seek investment in finance, directly using money to make money. As early as the first half of 2005, led by Zhejiang Taili Industrial Co., Ltd., several Wenzhou enterprises, including Zhongrui Group, tried to apply for the establishment of a private bank named "Jianhua Bank", but private funds entered the financial industry. This attempt ended in failure due to policy restrictions. The failure of Zhengtu Finance has made Wenzhou’s private capital enter the gray area of ​​the financial industry. Private lending has become more and more common, and more and more “investors” eager for success have begun to enter the “usury” industry. Compared with the "usury" in 2011, the early "usury" in Wenzhou is still in a relatively rational stage.Starting with a profit of one or two, most of the lending behaviors aimed at the real economy show that at least these "usury" in Wenzhou still appear as a kind of "helping small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing".However, with the influx of more and more capital, "usury" has gradually become "high" interest rate. The high interest rate of five or six cents at every turn has begun to make Wenzhou's usury behavior completely divorced from the meaning of the real economy, and has become a "crazy renminbi".Accompanied by increasingly outrageous interest rates, in less than a year, the usury creditors in Wenzhou experienced the feeling from heaven to hell. In the original usury market, money was loaned to business owners who needed money. At that time, the market was growing strongly, and the supply of goods was in short supply. No one would repay the usury loan. However, when more and more people began to rely on "usury" to make a fortune, this once-beautiful form of private financing began to look less beautiful. Seeing fellow villagers make money by lending money, more and more people began to borrow money and lend money. The market interest rate of "usury" has also changed from one cent and two cents to eight cents and nine cents.The crazy "loan usury" got bigger and bigger like the snowball of the Ponzi scheme, and finally triggered a financial avalanche.And those who have just entered the market have become the last stick of drumming and passing flowers that have not been able to escape, and have become the souls of the capital disaster. By the middle of 2011, the "great escape" of small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou had become a common trend.One of the very spectacular teams is from Wenzhou Shoe Factory. Taking Yu Zhenglin of Wenzhou Rui'an Hengmao Shoes as the "leader", Wang Hexia of "Ju Bang" Shoes, Dai Zhixiong of Nai Donald's Shoes, Wu Weihua of Tribal God Shoes, Huang Jie of Diemenger Shoes Factory, Tang Huang Bohe of Fengfeng Shoes, the chairman of Xingji Shoes, and the chairman of Xinnaibao Shoes, all scrambled to join the "escape" relay team. Investigate its reasons, each has its own merits.But the root cause is financing difficulties. Many small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou now have a good profit margin of 5%, but the annual interest rate of usury loans is as high as 30% to 180%.Because financing is too difficult, we have to borrow usury, which is like quenching thirst with poison, and the vulnerable small and medium-sized enterprises are the most affected group.As the backbone of Wenzhou's economy, shoe-making enterprises are also the most serious areas for many years: rising prices of raw materials and industrial electricity, labor-intensive labor costs, bank loans and private usury, serious homogeneous competition, and profits The space is tiny. And this phenomenon is particularly prominent among hundreds of thousands of shoe-making enterprises in Wenzhou.According to the owner of a shoe company in Wenzhou, compared with last year, the labor cost has increased by at least 20%, the purchase price of raw materials has increased by more than 8%, and the average electricity cost per pair of shoes has also increased by 50 cents.Therefore, in the general situation of inflation, the shoe manufacturing industry has become the "eye of the storm" of the Wenzhou crisis, devastated and bruised. The manufacturing industry that once made great contributions to Wenzhou's 30-year economic glory is gradually declining, and the light of "manufacturing capital" hanging over Wenzhou's head is gradually dimming.For a while, "Be optimistic about the boss and don't let him run away" became a buzzword among young workers in Wenzhou factories.Unexpectedly, this kind of banter seems to indicate that a more miserable tragedy is about to happen. Although before the accident, the media seemed to have never paid attention to Shen Kuizheng. Among the tens of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou, Wenzhou Zhengdeli Shoes Industry led by Shen Kuizheng belongs to the middle class. Zhengdeli shoes industry has been in development for more than 10 years. The company has a workshop area of ​​over 10,000 square meters and nearly 1,000 workers. Four self-created brands——Zhengdeli, Qingchunxiu, Baizhi Princess, and Mermaid have developed side by side and have a good momentum. "Just as a brand, Zhengdeli has more than 100,000 pairs of orders per month during the peak season, and has sales outlets in most regional cities across the country." In the second half of 2011, when companies in the same city ran away everywhere, the employees of Wenzhou Zhengdeli did not worry. Everything in the company is normal: the four brands of Zhengdeli are all good, the orders are sufficient, the customers are stable, and the production has been carried out in an orderly manner. Shen Kuizheng has an excellent reputation in the company, "The boss is a good man, and he is good to the employees."Out of such trust, the employees of the company firmly believe that in this trend, Zhengdeli must be an unstoppable strong man. However, no one expected that behind the boss, Shen Kuizheng, there would be heavy mist. At 1:00 p.m. on September 27, the dark clouds in the sky of Wenzhou blocked the sun's light. Shen Kui, a shoemaker, was standing in Room 2203, Shunjin Building, Wenzhou City. On the river.Perhaps it is the pain, helplessness, depression, fear, and sadness that are entangled in Shen Kuizheng's heart; perhaps it is the hundreds of millions of loan sharks that cannot be repaid; perhaps it is the inability to face hundreds of kind employees; There are dark eyes of some mysterious figures hidden in the corner; maybe it reminds me of the lines in the movie: "What a blue sky, keep going straight and you will melt into the blue sky. Didn't Gao Chang jump off, and Tang Na also jumped off?" You jump too!" Shen Kuizheng took a last look at this era, and resolutely jumped from the 22nd floor of Shunjing Building, Wangjiang Road, Wenzhou. Shen Kuizheng did not melt into the blue sky, but fell vertically into the garden on the third floor platform and died on the spot.Shen Kui is the boss of Wenzhou Zhengdeli Shoes Co., Ltd., Shuangyu Shoes Capital, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City. It is said that because of the "old high" problem (that is, usury), he was forced to jump off the building!Shen Kuizheng's jump from the building caused an uproar in the society, and also destroyed the sad hope of the Wenzhou shoe industry. Shen Kuizheng did not "run away" like other shoe company bosses, but chose a tragic path of no return, which made everyone in the company feel heavy and tearful.Sun Yuhua, executive deputy general manager of the Zuoyou shoe marketing department under Zhengdeli Footwear, said: "Our four brands not only have good brand effects, fixed customers, normal production, and sufficient orders, but even after the death of the chairman, our management and workers We all want to keep the business afloat. Production continued until yesterday, but the bank froze the funds, we couldn’t pay suppliers, and production was forced to stop today.” Afterwards, the relevant department announced: "Shen Kui is using the company as a 'financing platform' to raise funds through bank loans, bill discounts and private deposits, and get involved in usury business. It is understood that the bank funds involved are 150 million yuan, of which bank acceptance The bills totaled 73.4 million yuan." From "running away" to "jumping off a building", Wenzhou is covered with dark clouds and is in danger. People from all walks of life are staring at this former "manufacturing capital". The government is discussing various policies to save and maintain stability. Such an abacus. Taishun County under the jurisdiction of Wenzhou is the southernmost mountainous area in Zhejiang Province.Located in Wenzhou, the "manufacturing capital", Taishun has almost no industry, so it is relatively poor, and most people choose to go out to work. In 1998, Dong Shunsheng founded Yucai High School in Taishun and became a household name in the local area.Taishun county government officials said: "Yucai (middle school) has indeed made a great contribution to Taishun's education. For example, junior high school is promoted to high school. In the past, only one or two students in Taishun were admitted to Wenzhou middle school every year, but now there are about ten students every year. " Running a school is only a starting point for Dong Shunsheng. In 2003, Wenzhou Liren Education Group was established, and Dong Shunsheng began to engage in education investment and construction, real estate development, and mining investment. As an "educator" entrepreneur, Dong Shunsheng is regarded as an "angel" in the investment industry in Taishun. In 2006, he was awarded the honorary title of "Green Leaf Award" by Zhejiang Education Foundation.Afterwards, Liren Education Group developed rapidly, and its financing was also quite smooth. In Taishun, “Whether they go out or work at home, many Taishun people will lend money to Liren Group.” After four or five years of development, Realan Group owns 36 enterprises including schools and companies. In the second half of 2011, there was a situation in the capital chain of Realan Group.Under the influence of the national environment, the mining of coal mines invested by Realan Group was severely restricted, the output was far lower than expected, real estate projects were seriously unsalable, and a large amount of funds were locked up. In October 2011, once the news that Liren Group "no longer accepts the private loans previously borrowed" was found out, it caused an uproar in Taishun.Over the years, the snowball of private fundraising of Realan Group has been unable to roll. It is said that the interest to be paid every year has reached as high as 3 billion yuan. During this period, Dong Shunsheng issued announcements several times, announcing plans such as asset restructuring, but it was too late to help. At the end of November, the Taishun County Government released the "Taishun County Contingency Plan for Dealing with Illegal Fund-raising Emergencies." Three months later, Dong Shunsheng was arrested. After the incident, the public talked about this former "hero", with mixed opinions.According to internal employees of Realan Group, Dong Shunsheng, who is over 60 years old, suffers from uremia. "Until he was arrested, Dong Shunsheng still held board and shareholder meetings day and night, and reported the situation to government leaders." At the same time, he also publicly stated , All of his property of more than 100 million yuan was used to repay the debt.In fact, before being arrested, Dong Shunsheng tried to commit suicide many times, but failed. Even the leader of Taishun County said in private: "Dong Shunsheng has a foreign passport, and it is not difficult to leave. We have to admire him because he dares to stay in Taishun and live together." At the beginning of February 2012, the 12th Annual Conference of Chinese Entrepreneurs was held. At the meeting, Chen Derong, secretary of the Wenzhou Municipal Party Committee, gave a speech to rectify the name of Wenzhou entrepreneurs. Without private finance in Wenzhou, there would be no market economy in Wenzhou, and there would be no entrepreneurs in Wenzhou.Wenzhou people didn't have much money in their pockets at the beginning. If they didn't collect money, how could they be the boss?So private finance has promoted Wenzhou's economic development.If it is opposed to the market economy and entrepreneurship and demonized, I think it is unfair to Wenzhou, and it is not conducive to the development of Wenzhou.It should be said that this kind of spirit of Wenzhou people is very good. At least up to now we have had many entrepreneurs. Of course, there may be other reasons, but a considerable part of the reasons may be due to our incomplete market reform. Leading to jumping off a building and suicide.The market economy is a credit economy, and people cannot stand without trust. Our Wenzhou entrepreneur defended his credit with his blood and life. What else can you blame him for?He has already risked his life. I think it is the most tragic way. This way is not advisable, but I think this kind of spirit is exactly the spirit of Chinese entrepreneurs and the spirit of market development. During this round of financial turmoil, we realized that it is impossible for us to let the environment adapt to us. We can only change ourselves to adapt to the environment. This is our instinct.Therefore, entrepreneurs in Wenzhou need to improve, especially in the process of transformation and development. Such an emotional impromptu speech added a silent warmth to the Wenzhou crisis.As the leader of Wenzhou, Chen Derong expressed what Shen Kuizheng, Dong Shunsheng and others could not express. Although the news of "running away" was like a landmine, which exploded in Wenzhou from time to time, the news of "Hu Fulin, the boss of Xintai Group, ran away" was still like a heavy bomb, which severely damaged Wenzhou's economy, which was already scarred. . Xintai Group, the largest glasses manufacturer in Wenzhou and "an glasses manufacturer with international influence" in the eyes of all walks of life, has a history of 18 years. It has subsidiaries in Wenzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and other places, with 5,000 employees , the average annual output of glasses reaches 20 million pairs, the annual sales are about 500 million yuan, and it has its own brand. Everyone sees its bright and gorgeous "robe", but they don't know that it is already riddled with holes and covered with dense "lice".It wasn't until September 20 that Xintai's boss, Hu Fulin, "disappeared from the world", that netizens began to disclose: among them, private usury loans were 1.2 billion yuan, with a monthly interest of more than 20 million yuan; bank loans were 800 million yuan, with a monthly interest of more than 5 million yuan. Regardless of the scale of the company or the scale of debts, Hu Fulin's departure has become the most shocking event in the Wenzhou crisis this year. Hu Fulin, who has always been low-key, can no longer "hidden in the city". It was only a boss who ran away, and behind him there were more than 2 billion in debts, including 1.2 billion in private usury, and the number of people involved was self-evident.In Wenzhou, a place where "everyone is a high-ranking lender", I don't know how many families and individuals have fallen into desperation because of the disappearance of their creditors. Why does a powerful group enterprise have so many liabilities?This is a typical example of Wenzhou's low-end manufacturing industry getting lost in seeking transformation.Industrial adjustment is a common path practiced by many enterprises in China, but in Wenzhou, this is particularly urgent.Facts have also proved that in this wave of bankruptcy of small and medium-sized enterprises, traditional processing and manufacturing enterprises with meager profits such as lighters, leather shoes, glasses, clothing, and plastic products have become the biggest protagonist group in this tragedy. The "Wenzhou Model" is based on low cost and low profit.Today, with the rising costs of labor, land, and environmental protection, coupled with the impact of macroeconomic policies such as the appreciation of the renminbi and unstable interest rates, enterprises in Wenzhou are caught in a dilemma of "protecting the market or ensuring profitability".The direct consequence of this situation is that since the financial crisis in 2008, Wenzhou's GDP growth rate has been lower than the national average, and Wenzhou has been squeezed to the bottom of Zhejiang Province. In 2010, the GDP was only 292.557 billion yuan, which was less than the combined turnover of Midea and Huawei that year. Although Xintai Group is the largest glasses manufacturer in Wenzhou, the problem of transformation is also imminent. For manufacturers, eyeglasses are not a lucrative industry, and data shows that after the financial crisis, Xintai's situation has also begun to decline: in 2009, Xintai's national tax payment has dropped to 9.46 million yuan, and by 2010 Only 5.7092 million yuan. It was also in the second half of 2008 that Hu Fulin had his sights on photovoltaic new energy manufacturing, established the new energy business department, and began to move towards the "Great Leap Forward" from traditional manufacturing to new energy industries. Soon, Xintai Group invested and established a photovoltaic industry enterprise group: Zhejiang Sinosilicon New Energy Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Saili Technology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Sinosilicon Technology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Sinosilicon Import and Export Co., Ltd., mainly producing a A series of photovoltaic products, including solar monocrystalline silicon, solar polycrystalline silicon, solar cells, solar module systems, solar system engineering, etc. As a result, there is no turning back for Xintai's transformation, and it is bound to win. It is estimated that photovoltaic products will reach 600 megawatts in 2011, with an annual production capacity of 7 billion yuan. Although the initial investment is huge, the profits of the photovoltaic industry are also astonishing, which is completely different from the labor-intensive glasses manufacturing industry.Of course, the development and expansion of new energy is undoubtedly based on the factory buildings and accumulation of the glasses industry as collateral to obtain a large amount of bank loans, thereby achieving a considerable leverage amplification effect. On the road of transformation, Hu Fulin ran all the way. In 2009, at the peak of housing prices, Xintai Group set foot in real estate, developing or participating in real estate in Pingyang, Wenzhou, Pujiang, Jinhua and other places. In 2010, after the financial crisis, the European Union adjusted the industry, and the photovoltaic industry, mainly in foreign markets, fell to a freezing point. Impulsive expansion led to overcapacity, and it was too late to turn around. At the end of 2010, under the relentless pursuit of macro-control, the real estate market began to decline and financial conditions tightened. Xintai Group's capital chain began to need to make up for it: "There is no doubt that the company's reputation has been downgraded. Xintai Group's loans this year It has been unable to release it, and now that the money is tight, the cash flow will be cut off." There is nothing wrong with the transformation itself. The problem lies in blindness and impulsiveness, leaving the industry, and the transformation is out of control, and finally entered a life-and-death loss, which is irreversible. Shortly after Hu Fulin's disappearance, there were rumors that the partner of Wenzhou Sinosilicon Technology Co., Ltd., a photovoltaic company under the Xintai Group, could not bear the weight of huge debts and committed suicide by jumping off the building. Transformation seems to be a life-and-death line. If you can get out, you will suddenly see the light, if you can't get out, you will fall apart.Before Xintai, there was another traditional manufacturing company that also unfortunately died in the process of transformation. The glorious apex of Wenzhou Bali Shoes Industry was at the end of last century.Integrating top titles in the shoe industry such as "China Shoe King" and "China Famous Brand", the company's annual sales once reached 200 million.Wang Yuejin, who only had a primary school education, made the humble leather shoe factory flourish and became a star figure among shoe companies in Wenzhou. Just like Wang Yuejin's name, he is an aggressive activist. At the beginning of the new century, HALLI encountered the "ceiling" of development, and the enterprise stagnated.Wang Yuejin became impatient and began to find another way out, moving towards the road of "diversified management". In 2005, there was a boom in mineral investment among private enterprises in Wenzhou.Wang Yuejin went south to Guangxi and established a mining company in Hezhou, which is rich in rare earths and marble, and took over the unsustainable old mining area with 20 million yuan.Facing the interviewed media, he made no secret of his ambition: "The price of finished ore here is low, and the price of marble commonly used here is 20 times lower than that in Wenzhou, so there is a huge market space." He successively spent 50 million yuan to win three local mines Exploration rights, full of ambition. Wang Yuejin began to let go of the shoe industry and concentrate on mining.However, with no experience in mining, he refused to listen to suggestions, and his mining operations were in a mess. Later, he was investigated and rectified by the relevant local authorities for being suspected of illegal mining.After that, he continued to dispatch personnel from the shoe factory to engage in the mining industry, and the operation and management of the shoe factory began to be chaotic. In 2007, global mineral prices fell, Bali Mining was unable to make ends meet, and the capital chain was almost broken.The local shoe industry in Wenzhou was also unsustainable. Bali Shoes once had a situation of "repaying debts with goods". On August 7, 2009, Wang Yuejin, whose business was on the decline, left hundreds of millions of yuan in bank arrears and an unknown amount of private loans, and walked away, leaving behind a hollowed-out mess. Tyrannical power and Xintai's transformation are surprisingly similar.This just represents the confusion and helplessness of a generation of Wenzhou entrepreneurs. Starting in the 1980s, the first batch of Wenzhou entrepreneurs have entered the age of knowing their destiny.For many years, they have been burying their heads and moving forward. However, when bottlenecks and shackles appear, their fighting spirit still exists, but "most Wenzhou people have no goals and don't know where to go." Wenzhou's traditional manufacturing industry, as a pillar industry, is already on the decline, so more speculators and adventurous people appear.It is rare to see those who only do business in a down-to-earth manner, and those who stay in the industry have begun to be half-hearted. However, the transformation and upgrading of enterprises requires the combination of various factors such as capital, talents, policy environment, and the quality of business operators themselves.The low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, the lack of technical talents in small and medium-sized enterprises, and the lack of understanding of emerging industries by business owners are common problems in the transformation of enterprises in China, and the situation in Wenzhou is even worse.Therefore, the transformation of powerful enterprises such as Xintai and Bali has gone astray, and the transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises is even more difficult. Transformation is risky, but if you don't take risks to survive, you can only linger in the traditional industry and go to extinction.This is the most difficult thing for entrepreneurs in Wenzhou to accept. As they themselves said: "It is less and less likely to be laughed at when a company closes its doors. Instead, it is heard that you are still running a business. Thinking that your annual income is not as good as their fraction If there are too many, I have to laugh at you for being stupid." Facing the chaos in Wenzhou, more people worry that it is a set of dominoes that have fallen.This atmosphere of panic permeates the entire Wenzhou city, and some enterprises that were originally healthy are also innocently implicated and cannot escape the harm. Xiang Suilan is a business owner in Wenzhou Longwan District Industrial Park. The Tengfei Cotton Mill she founded has a history of 16 years and has been developing steadily. It has nearly 100 employees and an annual output value of about 20 million.Of course, at a time when Wenzhou's manufacturing industry is generally in decline, Xiang Suilan's factory is also facing the same problems: rising costs, rising loan interest rates, and thinner and thinner profits. When the surrounding peers began to transfer funds to the investment field, Xiang Suilan still stood firm. She investigated the market everywhere, hoping to seek a breakthrough. In the summer of 2011, after careful consideration, she decided to update the product type - to produce fiber textiles specially used for zippers. "No one in Wenzhou has produced this product yet, and the demand is very high. If we buy new machines, we only need more than 30 workers. The annual output value can reach four to five billion." So at the beginning of September, Xiang Suilan ordered a new machine, and began to renovate the factory, remove the old machine, install a camera, and everything is ready to go. Although this summer, the news of the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou "running away" came out from time to time, Xiang Suilan never took it seriously.Because she has never borrowed from a usury loan, and the loan from the bank still has a one-year term, everything reassures her, and the turmoil of the outside world is still far away from her. Two weeks later, Xiang Suilan heard the news that Wu Baozhong, the boss of Wenzhou Baokang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd., had "run away".This made her feel that the Wenzhou crisis was directly related to herself.项碎兰的腾飞公司与宝康是互为担保的关系：“腾飞连同她个人向宝康提供银行贷款担保1600万，而宝康则为腾飞提供800万元担保。” 尽管如此，项碎兰宽慰自己，这样一笔担保贷款不足以影响到工厂的正常运行。 世事难料，就在宝康出事后的第4天，台州银行温州支行上门催款，事实上这些贷款还要一年才到期。过度敏感的银行派人在工厂四处查看，在厂里也引起一阵恐慌。3天后，事态更加严重，温州支行的行长亲自上门，把车堵在了工厂的大门口，要求项碎兰立即还款。于是事情闹大，项碎兰叫来了警察。 这时，在工厂对面树脂厂打工的一个女孩用手机拍下当时的情景，配上文字，“公司对面的腾飞化纤制品的老板欠银行贷款连夜运设备逃跑了，工人在大闹，银行、警察都来调解！唉，现在办企业都难，打工的更难，工资1分钱没到手，厂都人去楼空了”，发到微博上。 通过网络的传播，腾飞很快上了“跑路潮”的名单。这个不知实情的目击者的乌龙信息引发谣言四起，把腾飞直逼绝境：催款的银行陆续登上门来，到最后，平日里关系最好的银行也来催债了。为了不影响工厂11月份的正常投产，项碎兰四处凑钱还贷，甚至把家里的3层小楼也抵押了出去。 项碎兰的办公室里，还挂着几幅银行和信用社颁发的荣誉证书，一个信誉良好的工厂在这样一场危机中成为了无辜的牺牲品。 对于项碎兰而言，遭受如此莫名其妙的“飞来横祸”，“她不抱怨还债与坏运气，她愿意因为错误担保宝康而承担责任。让她愤怒的是不公，是缺乏合理的规则。那些催她还贷的银行，应该遵守合约，或至少要等宝康的资产拍卖后，再追加她的赔偿。在地方政府决定救助时，却只把焦点放在了大型企业，对她这样的中小企业没有政策帮助。她也气愤发布谣言的女孩，没有承担相应的法律惩罚。” 9月26日，陈松长发现自己莫名上了“跑路潮”的黑名单，事实上，当时他正在温州瓯海区长虹眼镜厂正常办公。为了辟谣，陈松长立即拍摄了厂区内正常开工的照片，上传到了网络，以正视听，成功进行了公关危机。 陈松长对采访的记者说：“最近确实看到许多企业欠债出逃的消息，但没想到我们企业也会被谣传，现在谣言散布者已经被公安抓获，在这些真真假假的消息中，企业也要站出来自我保护。”当然，像陈松长和项碎兰等一类的中小企业主，更加期盼的是希望能有一个可靠的权威机构站出来，发布准确的信息，及时跟进事态的发展，而不是任由谣言横飞，动摇人心。 与温州企业老板跑路潮同步的，还有“贱卖潮”。身处人人自危的混乱大势之中，握在手中的现金才是最真实的。于是，豪车、房产掀起甩卖风潮。 在温州市内，尽管新开的楼盘几乎是无人问津，但房产中介的二手房房源却空前爆满。 温州鹿城广场的一个豪宅群，风光时达到8万元一平方米，2011年国庆长假一过，房价直线下跌：8万—6万—5万，甚至到了4.8万…… 甚至还有更低的价——4.2万元，“对方急于出手，但问题是没有产权证。价格确实是便宜，但不知道这套房是不是已经担保给其他人了，所以还在犹豫中。” 急于甩卖的房产，有产权证的一般都有5年以上房龄，但更多的是产权证还没到手，卖家急着套现。对于这样的房子，好心的中介也会劝买家谨慎为好。 尽管房价低得让人动心，但是真正的成交量并不高，“现在的房子动辄1000多万1套，谁有那么多现金在手上？而且看着现在时机不对，谁会愿意接掉下来的石头啊，至少要等它在地上蹦几下再说。” 相比之下，二手车市场更让人心动。 2011年10月中旬，温州豪车大甩卖的新闻登上了国内外各大媒体，“一辆奔驰S600，市场价260万元左右，现在只要40万元”，如此的行情吸引着各地的“投机客”前往温州“趁火打劫”。 已经跑路的老板，豪车拿来抵债；准备跑路的老板，豪车拿来套现。温州市二手车商会秘书长陈侠统计，2011年9月份，温州二手车交易市场的交易量同比没有太大的增加，但是交易额却同比增加一倍，达到1亿元左右。 也就是说，温州的二手车市场成为豪车的展示中心。平时难得一见的限量版顶级豪车——玛莎拉蒂、劳斯莱斯、兰博基尼等都在甩卖之列。 当然，豪车诱人，但风险也同在。现在温州的二手车大多并不是车主在卖，而是通过第三方——中间人、寄售行、典当行、担保公司。虽然这些车价格大大低于市场价，但买家也要再三权衡：“（这些豪车）虽然可能手续齐全，但车主不在，无法过户，而且不少车子本身都有贷款和按揭，搞不好会吃大亏。” 正在温州企业跑路潮沸沸扬扬之时，“50万美元买房送绿卡”的消息一石激起千层浪，甚至有人说这为温州老板跑路提供了更加便捷的途径。尽管最后乌龙事件真相大白，“任何在美国民用住宅市场现金投资至少50万美元的外国人都可获得在美居留签证”的说法，只是美国参议员提出的一项议案，但温州老板跑路现象已经让公众草木皆兵。 “跑路潮”之后，温州老板不敢关机，随时随地把充电器带身边，以免被误传为“跑路”失踪。昔日温州人之间的信任已经被破坏，信誉危机的崩溃最为致命。 2011年8月8日，是温州的第十个“诚信日”。然而，“跑路潮”的出现使温州企业家陷入异常尴尬的局面。 在几个月前，温州的熟人之间借一两千万，往往一个电话就能搞定，现在，即使是200万的额度，也必须立字据、写借条。温州市担保行业协会会长郭炳钞说：“以前都是企业互保，彼此拍下脑袋就决定了，现在企业就会担心自己被拖垮。即使朋友、兄弟之间都怀疑，'你到底行不行啊'”。 这种变化，无形中给温州人心理造成的打击是不可估量的。温州人最初的良好信用从这样一个故事代代传承了下来： 1936年，温州瑞安姓陈的向姓郑的借了6个银元，之后两家失去联系。姓陈的去世前交代儿子要把6个银元还上。儿子一生都没找到郑家后人，去世前便将还钱的任务交给孙子。后来，孙子终于找到郑家后人，尽管当时双方都不富裕，但是孙子还是还了4000元钱。 温州本土的危机，已经影响到全国各地甚至海外温商的声誉。 一位在合肥的温商感叹不已：“关系好的银行，以前借几千万都很容易。现在几百万都借不到，怎么会这样？” 温州洪城电子的总经理杨贵说：“以前外地供货商对温州企业都很信任，货到付款，或者推迟一段时间结算都没问题，而现在，很多供货商的要求是款到付货，而且要全款。” 在温州当地的一个网上论坛上，有一篇来自意大利的新闻最为火热，这则新闻描述的就是：温州危机波及海外，远在意大利以及欧洲等地的温州商人，身受牵连，频频遭到质疑和不信任。