Chapter 8 Chapter 1 Wenzhou Businessmen Coexisting with Huge Profits

At the end of the 20th century, private capital from Wenzhou broke into the commercial housing markets in Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places. In 2001, Wenzhou Capital divided into two groups. The first group went to Shanghai, and the other group went to Hangzhou.In this year alone, Wenzhou's capital invested in real estate reached 200 billion yuan.The "Wenzhou Real Estate Speculators Group", destined to be "famous in history books", was thus born. What you don't know is that this is just one of the wild dances of Wenzhou businessmen rushing around with huge sums of money.

In today's urban life, taxis have become an essential tool of life.The earliest private taxi operation in China appeared in Wenzhou in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the prototype in "Hey, Fiat" starring Chen Daoming was "Zhang Chaorong", the first person to invest in taxis. Wenzhou people have a pervasive sense of business. Around 1983, the three-wheeled motorcycles for transporting passengers appeared and shuttled flexibly in the streets and alleys of Wenzhou, which was vividly called "fleas". The market for "fleas" is good. In 1985, Zhang Chaorong, a Wenzhou native, bought 30 "fleas" from Shanghai at one time.

The huge investment will be wasted, and Zhang Chaorong is at a loss.Zhao Chaorong's attention was drawn to a car parked at the gate of an agency. It was a Fiat car.Zhang Chaorong had a premonition that this type of small car would become a substitute for "fleas", so he immediately rented this Fiat and went around the city. There are seventy-two and a half small streets and alleys in Wenzhou, and the Fiat can enter and exit without hindrance. convenient. Therefore, Zhang Chaorong raised funds and went to Shanghai to buy a car with 30 relatives and friends. The Wuma Car Rental Company was established, and Wenzhou City had a private taxi—the fare was unified at 5 yuan.

So Fiat became synonymous with taxis in Wenzhou. Although Fiat withdrew from the market many years later, the locals still call it "Taxi" and "Taxi". In the early 1990s, with the emergence of new taxis in Wenzhou, the first batch of Wenzhou car speculators also began to appear on the stage of history. In 1994, Wang Kecheng bought a Xiali taxi at a price of 115,000 yuan. In just 7 months, the price soared to 380,000 yuan. After that taxi became a hot industry. In 1998, the Wenzhou Municipal Government confirmed the commodity nature of the taxi operating right in a prescribed form. The "Interim Measures for the Paid Use of Taxi Passenger Transport Operating Rights in Urban Areas of Wenzhou" clearly stipulates that the taxi passenger transport operating rights obtained through compensation are valid for a long time, and can be inherited and transferred if they belong to individuals; if they belong to legal persons, they can be transferred.At the same time, the government moderately controls the taxi market.The total number of vehicles has been maintained at 3329, and the management rights of 3287 vehicles are owned by individuals.In addition, taxi operating rights are not only traded, but can even be mortgaged by the bank. A car can be loaned up to 500,000 yuan in installments within 10 years.

300 taxi operating rights in Wenzhou were auctioned, and the new taxi operating right certificates entered the market at a high price of 700,000 yuan.Wang Junyao, who dared to engage in aircraft operations, did not miss the opportunity to operate taxis. He spent nearly 100 million yuan and bought the operating rights of 100 urban taxis at an average price of 688,000 yuan each. Compared with real estate speculation and mining speculation, car speculation is relatively low-key, with a small amount of capital investment and even higher profits than house rental.Around 2000, taxi owners in Wenzhou could receive a monthly rent of 7,000 yuan for a car, while the monthly rent for a flat they also invested in was only 2,000 yuan.Moreover, the house needs to be renovated before renting out, and there is a risk of being locked up.

In 2004, Wenzhou's taxi business began to boom, and idle funds of Wenzhou businessmen entered the industry one after another.Within a few months, taxis in all cities and counties in Wenzhou experienced attacks from investors. At the end of April, there was a wind of policy that "taxis in suburban counties can carry passengers to downtown Wenzhou", which means that the price of taxis in suburban counties of Wenzhou will rise.Unsurprisingly, in May, the taxi license price in Ruian jumped from 650,000 yuan to 750,000 yuan, and in Yongjia from 200,000 yuan to 300,000 yuan. The same is true for the industries in Pingyang, Cangnan and other places.

Within a few months, the market in Wenzhou was basically "cooked". Unexpectedly, there was good news at the end of October: According to the Wenzhou road passenger and freight transportation development plan (2004-2020), according to the expansion of urban area, population increase, taxi demand and operating conditions, it is predicted that by next year, the reasonable scale of Wenzhou urban taxis will be 3,650, compared with There are 321 more than the current 3329. Of course, investors will not let go of such a good opportunity. "Taxi volumes increase, and transaction prices will plummet. This is an opportunity to buy a lot of money."Sure enough, four days later, many "car speculators" started to buy taxis in large quantities. At that time, the average transaction price had dropped by more than 100,000 yuan.However, a few days later, the market rose rapidly again, and the "car speculators" made a fortune. It is said that the highest transaction reached 1.46 million yuan.

In the summer of 2004, Wenzhou people who were good at fighting "sweeping wars" wandered in other provinces.The media in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and Taiyuan, Shanxi both revealed that "car speculators" appeared in Wenzhou, and the value of the local taxi business transfer rights doubled. Often walking by the river, Wenzhou people sometimes "wet their shoes". At the beginning of the year, private hot money in Wenzhou aimed at the taxi market in Ningde, Fujian.Half a year later, the taxi market in Ningde was almost monopolized by Wenzhou people.Local drivers in Ningde complained about the increase in vehicle rents, so they collectively demanded that the starting price be raised, shifting the pressure to the citizens who take taxis.After the incident became serious, under the attention of the local management department, intervention measures to suppress Wenzhou investors were introduced. The "interesting" Wenzhou "car speculators" fled.

In the taxi market in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Wenzhou people also encountered "Waterloo".The "car speculator group" composed of hundreds of people bought a large number of cars at a purchase price of 100,000 yuan, and then began to sell. Unexpectedly, a strange phenomenon appeared in the Zhenjiang market-no one took over for a long time, and even called out a loss price of 90,000 yuan. Nobody cares.The shrewd Wenzhou talents realized that they were trapped and regretted it too late. Taxi licenses can also become a tool for Wenzhou people to grab huge profits. From one level, it also reflects the extremely unreasonable license control in China's market economy. This unfair access directly gave rise to various speculations.

Wenzhou people dare to try new things and dare to be "the first to eat crabs" in emerging industries. With the rise of the new energy industry, Wenzhou people put a lot of surplus funds into it.However, the road to new energy development not only requires a huge amount of investment, but also is technology-intensive.Wenzhou enterprises that were once criticized as simple and labor-intensive have found a breakthrough in the field of new energy, from extensive to intensive, from low-level manufacturing to high-end creation.The new energy industry places Wenzhou's glorious dream of realizing transformation.

Before 2005, Lin Yunde, a salesman of metal materials from Pingyang, under the guidance of a university professor, created the first jatropha-based "biodiesel" energy base in Zhejiang Province.It is said that this jatropha oil is "appropriately used in various diesel engines, and can be widely used in industries such as automobiles, ships, and generators." In 2000, Weimin Group, which was engaged in waste incineration power generation, attracted widespread attention from Wenzhou enterprises, which was a bold transformation.Over the past few years, Weiming Group's waste-to-energy plants have been distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places. The most successful company in the new energy industry is Huayi Electric Wind. In 2007, Huayi Electric Wind, which is engaged in the production of high-voltage switches, began to enter the wind power industry, and successfully went public in 2007 through a backdoor.At present, Huayi Wind Power invests in wind farm projects in Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Northeast China, Zhejiang and other places. Since 2006, Wenzhou enterprises have been busy "planting the sun".Internationally, the photovoltaic industry is regarded as the industry with the most explosive development capability after the IT and microelectronics industries.The maturity of the photovoltaic industry in Japan, Europe and the United States, and the inexhaustible, environmentally friendly and safe characteristics of solar energy make Wenzhou people believe that its "future" is boundless.The photovoltaic industry has formed a huge and powerful magnetic field, attracting enterprises engaged in traditional industries such as leather, clothing, electrical appliances, and glasses. In 2006, Chint invested 120 million euros to build the largest solar power plant in Europe in Spain. In 2007, Chint announced a massive attack on the photovoltaic industry. Nan Cunhui even revealed that photovoltaic projects will become one of Chint's main businesses. In 2008, Hu Fulin, the "King of Glasses", set up a special new energy business department for the photovoltaic new energy industry, and successively established Zhejiang Sinosilicon New Energy Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Saili Technology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Sinosilicon Technology Co., Ltd Company, Wenzhou Sinosilicon Import and Export Co., Ltd. and many other photovoltaic enterprises. In 2009, Xu Hui, the owner of Wenzhou Dazhan International Trade Co., Ltd., was a typical Wenzhou woman. She started her business as a glasses trader, and she was not to be outdone by getting involved in photovoltaics. The group successfully "joined hands" and marched into the Middle East where the solar energy market is booming. Why has new energy become a new stage favored by Wenzhou capital?Just because it hides a secret that they have already known in their years of capital dance-one step ahead. New energy is a new thing, because there is no trace to follow, so in the eyes of investors, it is a "high-risk" and "over-competitive" industry. Even so, new energy has become a hot spot in the eyes of various capitals darling.Among them, of course, the presence of Wenzhou Capital is indispensable. In the process of Wenzhou capital's transformation, the goal of capital is no longer just real estate and coal mines. New technologies, new energy, new materials, new environmental protection, and everything related to "new", Wenzhou industrial capital will stop.From 2003 when Wenzhou Ouhai Weiming Company entered the waste-to-energy industry, to 2007 when Chint announced its entry into the solar energy industry, and then to Huayi Wind Power's deployment across the country, Wenzhou Capital has continuously demonstrated its "new energy dream". Although it has only been three years since entering this new field, Astronergy has become more active than its main business, the electrical industry. At the beginning of 2009, Chint Group successively launched the second generation of solar cells, introduced Cyber ​​Growth Fund and Shanghai Lianhe's investment of 50 million US dollars; in June 2009, the construction of the first phase of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation project with a generating capacity of 10 MW was started in Ningxia , laying solar cells on the Gobi Desert of 2 square kilometers; in July 2009, an additional US$55 million was invested in solar energy projects, and the first 20-megawatt microcrystalline amorphous second-generation thin-film battery production line was officially put into operation, with an annual output value of Reaching 1 billion yuan... In 3 years, Chint Group has invested more than 2 billion yuan in the field of solar energy. Relying on its strong strength, Chint Group has laid out the field of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation. In Wenzhou, some enterprises did not rush into the field of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, but saw opportunities in the photovoltaic supporting industry. On July 16, 2009, the "High Performance EVA Film for Photovoltaic Modules" jointly developed by Wenzhou Ruiyang Photovoltaic Materials Co., Ltd. and DuPont, a Fortune 500 company, passed the review.As one of the key technologies in solar photovoltaic modules, the core technology of EVA film has always been in the hands of European and American companies. Wenzhou Ruiyang will undoubtedly have a broad market prospect by cooperating with DuPont to develop new products. Wenzhou Capital, which has accumulated original capital from traditional manufacturing, is transforming without knowing it and deploying new energy industries.This is certainly a positive change.And this key change comes from the support of the state - ingeniously, the original commercial housing was also developed with the strong support of the state. From this point of view, Wenzhou capital is not useless. To some extent, their investment is a passive behavior, because it is difficult to do business, because a large amount of capital has nowhere to go, and new energy is a new export.Of course, no matter what kind of investment, you can't overcorrect, otherwise, the double-edged sword of capital will still hurt others and yourself. The photovoltaic industry is an industry that depends on the sky, and Chinese photovoltaic companies mainly rely on foreign "sky" for their food, because 95% of the market for China's photovoltaic industry is abroad. In 2011, the demand in the European market shrank, and the United States launched anti-dumping and subsidy investigations on China's photovoltaic industry. my country's photovoltaic enterprises encountered a severe winter, and some Wenzhou photovoltaic enterprises suffered shutdowns or closures. Fan Chengcai's family was originally engaged in the business of artificial leather, women's shoes, stainless steel, etc., and the family property is rich. In 2010, he began to devote himself to the photovoltaic industry and established Zhejiang Jingde Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd.He said: "Judging from the situation in recent years, to sum up, doing photovoltaics is to play with heartbeat, capital, and technology. The price of silicon materials has plunged at a rate of nearly 10 times, and ordinary companies have to bear the feeling of suffocation by playing with heartbeats. It is a pressure that is difficult for most people to bear, and the result is survival of the fittest.” The sharp fluctuations in the market, the "roller coaster" type of ups and downs, the instability of orders in foreign markets, and the immature technology department lead to extremely high costs. What is needed is strong financial support. In 2011, Hu Fulin, the most influential "running entrepreneur" in Wenzhou, his huge investment in the photovoltaic industry was undoubtedly an important factor that led to the breakdown of his capital chain. When Wenzhou people scrambled to realize their "new energy dreams", problems such as overcapacity, small scale, over-reliance on the international market, and lack of technology research and development capabilities began to be exposed.From these ills, the various "stubborn illnesses" of Wenzhou's manufacturing industry are still clearly visible, and there is a state of "changing the soup without changing the medicine".Wenzhou's desire to realize "green transformation" with the help of new energy sources still needs to be explored up and down. For the people of Wenzhou who "do not get ahead without profit", besides the development potential of new energy, the biggest temptation is: new energy is favored by the capital market, it is easy to attract investment, and it also has a great advantage in listing and financing. .Many photovoltaic companies that have been listed in the United States are in a state of loss. The current reality does not give Wenzhou investors much confidence. More than 1,000 years ago, Tao Yuanming, a poet of the pastoral school, once wrote: "When the forest runs out of water, there is a mountain. There is a small mouth in the mountain, as if there is light. Let the boat go in through the mouth. It is very narrow at the beginning, and it is open to people. Walk dozens of steps, suddenly see the light." Over the years, Wenzhou people have been looking for an outlet for the amazing capital accumulated in the grassroots era, looking for a suddenly enlightened "Taoyuan World" full of huge profits. Real estate, mineral deposits, gold foreign exchange, vehicles and new energy, and even overseas trade are all "exports" in the eyes of Wenzhou people.Unfortunately, some exports seem to be desperate, some exports are fiercely competitive, and some exports have a long way to go. People in Wenzhou, who are only interested in profit, especially profit-seeking, are not limited by industry or region. They often choose to move forward without thinking and without hesitation. Rich experience and traveling around the world are the greatest wealth of Wenzhou people. Because of various accidents, they have discovered or obtained various opportunities to invest and make money. Whether it is minerals, oil or cotton, the Wenzhou Mission seems to have been arranged in the dark: poor Wenzhou people went to Shanxi to dig coal, and the project money owed by the mine owners was finally mortgaged by the coal mine; Wenzhou woman Wang Rongsen worked in Xi'an The clothing business helped a geology professor who lost his wallet and was penniless. In order to express his gratitude, the professor revealed to her the information about buying oil fields in Yan’an, northern Shaanxi; Cotton, found a business opportunity... At first, these behaviors were forced by survival and life, and they had no intention of speculation, and they paid various unspeakable prices: Because of the deserted market, the early Wenzhou coal mine owners were mostly at a loss; Wang Rongsen’s husband lived in the On the construction site of drilling wells in the oil field, he died of illness due to overwork; the "cotton man" who has traveled all over the world has been traveling all over the world for his home all year round. The so-called "speculation" of prices to disrupt the market is a later story. Wenzhou people who opened mines in Shanxi before 2000 were basically technicians, and they all aimed at mining. In 2000, the domestic coal market improved and coal prices soared.It turned out that those mines that had been operating at a loss all of a sudden rose in value, and the coal mines worth 2 million yuan rose to 500 million yuan.It is precisely because of the reality of this unintentional story that it has attracted a large number of Wenzhou investors to enter the coal industry in Shanxi.Wenzhou people are rich and courageous. Two years later, Shanxi Coal Mine became an important distribution center for Wenzhou capital. At that time, there was a rumor: "Wenzhou Capital once controlled 60% of the small coal mines in Shanxi, with an annual output of 80 million tons of coal, accounting for the total coal output of Shanxi Province. 1/5 of the total and 1/20 of the whole country." At this time, Shanxi Province introduced various measures to attract private capital to develop small coal mines. The government attracted investment in the form of bankruptcy auctions. Beginning in 2004, the title of "coal frying group" began to appear. Relevant data show that during the two years from 2005 to 2006, only Shuitou Town of Pingyang County invested more than 30 billion yuan in coal investment in Shanxi. It is estimated that there are more than 500 small coal mines invested by Wenzhou people in Shanxi, with a total investment of 50 billion yuan. above.At that time, Shuitou Town, Pingyang County, with a population of more than 300,000, had a saying: "Eight out of every 10 people in Shuitou took shares in Shanxi coal mines." According to the recollection of the coal boss at the time: "During the most glorious period of coal mine investment, many coal bosses can be said to be immersed in the joy of counting money every day. Since the establishment of the enterprise, coal, which is in short supply, has never been worried about selling, and often the coal is still in the mine, and the money has already arrived in the account.” More coal mines were fired from 3 million yuan to 5 million yuan in the "drumming and spreading" style of buying and selling, and then soared all the way, rising tens of millions, hundreds of millions, or even hundreds of millions. Coal mine owners who entered with an investment heart do not understand management and technology, and even neglect production safety.The frequent and continuous safety accidents over the years are the direct reasons for the introduction of relevant national rectification measures. In March 2009, an adjustment of “national advancement and private retreat” in the coal market came out, completely catching Wenzhou real estate speculators by surprise: the Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources issued the "Regarding the Disposal of Resource Rights and Prices Involved in the Merger and Reorganization of Coal Mine Enterprises" "Measures", which stipulates that small coal mines in Shanxi Province will be fully integrated and reorganized by large state-owned coal enterprises. Almost all the coal mines exploited by Wenzhou people are included in the reorganization, and Wenzhou businessmen only face related compensation from the government and state-owned enterprises.And this compensation is insignificant compared with the investment of more than 50 billion yuan invested by the Wenzhou coal frying group.People in Shuitou Town, Pingyang, returned to their hometown with heavy debts because of this accident. In 1998, the "Wenzhou Evening News" reported the story of Wang Rongsen, a female oil tycoon, at length.Groups of Wenzhou people took large sums of money to go to Shaanxi and Xinjiang, which have rich oil reserves. In 2005, Xinjiang and Wenzhou people had control over 120 oil wells. 120 oil fields mean a total of more than 500,000 Wenzhou capital, including more than 1.8 billion acquisition funds and more than 3 billion investment in follow-up processing equipment.There is even a bigger "oil well investment alliance" preparing to enter Xinjiang.People from Wenzhou are investing in upstream and downstream enterprises related to oil exploration, such as operating gas stations, refined oil trading, and oil refineries. In 2004, international oil prices rose.Lin Zhengping, an oil businessman in Shaanxi, said that the profits are considerable: "The oil reservoirs in northern Shaanxi are relatively shallow, with an average depth of less than 1,000 meters. It usually takes more than 10 days to drill a well, and the investment is about 500,000 yuan. A medium-yielding oil well produces 2 A ton of crude oil costs 1,500 yuan per ton, and the daily income reaches 3,000 yuan. The annual output value is twice the investment amount. Excluding expenses, the annual profit is at least 500,000 yuan. Compared with northern Shaanxi, oil wells in Xinjiang have less reserves than Oil quality is better." Most of the Wenzhou merchants own oil wells with small output, and they are all transferred by local companies with oil exploration and production rights.The two parties are affiliated and affiliated. Wenzhou merchants "hand over" a certain amount of oil or cash to local companies, and the remaining oil production belongs to Wenzhou merchants. Over the years, although the outside world has been talking about Wenzhou oil businessmen, and although the oil industry is often regarded as a "forbidden zone" for private capital, in fact, businessmen engaged in oil production in Xinjiang have never been subject to any controls, and even have been given green light all the way.In the end, a policy breakthrough was achieved in the restricted zone, and more and more companies entered the "List of Petroleum and Refined Oil Non-State Trade Import Operation Record Enterprises". In contrast, the oil traders who entered Shaanxi were not so lucky. In 2003, the "Northern Shaanxi Oilfield Case" occurred, and all investors in Wenzhou Oilfield were panicked.The Jingbei County government ordered thousands of private oil wells to be nationalized. The two sides failed to reach an agreement on the value evaluation of the oil wells, and the oil companies suffered heavy losses.The subsequent road to rights protection made the incident even more tragic. Non-ferrous metal minerals have always been a hot spot for investment in Wenzhou businessmen. In 2005, Wang Yuejin of Bali Group went south to Guangxi and established a mining company in Hezhou, which is rich in rare earth and marble, and took over the unsustainable old mining area with 20 million yuan.Facing the interviewed media, he made no secret of his ambition: "The price of finished ore here is low, and the price of marble commonly used is 20 times that of Wenzhou, so there is a huge market space." He also spent 50 million yuan to win three local mines Exploration rights, full of ambition.Wang Yuejin, who has no experience and no understanding of management, stubbornly sticks to mining, even at the expense of being involved in illegal mining. In 2007, global mineral prices fell, Bali Mining was unable to make ends meet, and the capital chain was almost broken.The local shoe industry in Wenzhou was also unsustainable. At one point, there was a "debt payment with goods" where the price was 60 yuan for a pair of shoes.The power of the domineering group, which was so powerful for a while, was severely injured until it was finally unable to recover. In 2007, Huang Xianbo, one of the "Top Ten Young Entrepreneurs in Wenzhou", invested 50 million yuan to acquire the Donggou Copper Mine in Xiaoshalong, Qilian County, Qinghai Province. Having owned a jade mine and a copper mine, he set his new goals on Xinjiang and Gansu. on two gold mines. Known as the "Lithium Capital of Asia", Yichun, Jiangxi Province, has always been friendly with businessmen from Wenzhou. At present, there are 10,000 Wenzhou businessmen and more than 700 Wenzhou enterprises have invested a total of 10 billion yuan in Yichun. In 2011, another 8 Wenzhou enterprises signed a cooperation project with Yichun on energy development and other projects, with a total amount of 3 billion yuan. The income from mineral development is high, so Wenzhou people flock to it.Perhaps from a psychological interpretation, Wenzhou businessmen often go out of Wenzhou to buy minerals, which is to make up for the scarcity of Wenzhou's minerals. There are many factors that motivate Wenzhou capital to invest in energy. In addition to the above-mentioned basic factors, some Wenzhou bosses invest with the idea of ​​"eating what others can't bear and earning money that others can't".Taking investment in rare resources and minerals as an example, most of them are located in remote mountainous areas, where the living conditions are relatively harsh, and ordinary bosses may not be able to accept such a "disgraceful" life.For example, there was a Wenzhou couple who went to Northwest China to invest in oil wells, where they stayed with the workers who drilled the wells.Such investment projects may not be ideal for bosses who often travel to and from bustling cities, so they are willing to get involved.This leaves a relatively blank market for Wenzhou people, ensuring the monopoly of Wenzhou people in this market, so it is easy to make profits. In addition, there is the problem of investment cost.Ordinary people may know that investing in energy is profitable and profitable, but these energy resources are relatively "commodities" and cannot be won at a cost of 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, so they will not get involved easily.Wenzhou people are different. They have accumulated capital for more than 20 years, have a group of chambers of commerce, and have relatives and friends to help them. Therefore, the investment cost is not a big problem. After finding an investment project, they can decisively win the mining contract.This factor is not only the reason for the smooth investment of Wenzhou people, but also a result of Wenzhou's investment spirit and investment thinking, with a certain degree of inevitability. In addition to investment in mineral energy, for example, Wenzhou merchants entered Xinjiang to exploit oil fields. In fact, earlier, a group of Wenzhou merchants went to Xinjiang to purchase seed cotton.It was 2003, and the purchase price of seed cotton hit a new record, exceeding 8 yuan per kilogram.At that time, in the Aksu area of ​​Xinjiang, there were thousands of Wenzhou people who brought 3 billion yuan to "fry cotton". Back then, as the global cotton market picked up, the price of cotton in Xinjiang soared all the way. The hometown of the "cotton player" - a mountain village in Yongjia, Wenzhou, the whole village collectively made a fortune with Xinjiang cotton - making a profit of nearly 100 million yuan .Many Wenzhou cotton merchants have tasted the sweetness and plan to follow up in the second year.However, in 2004, Xinjiang had a bumper cotton harvest, the price of cotton plummeted, and Wenzhou's "fried cotton balls" collapsed.Some Wenzhou merchants moved to buy oil wells, and Wenzhou's "fried cotton balls" gradually became less and less popular. In 2006, Wang Wumin, the executive deputy mayor of Aksu, Xinjiang, went to Wenzhou to attract investment, and he did not forget to send out an invitation: "Wenzhou's 'Fried Cotton Group' plays an irreplaceable role in instilling market economy awareness and promoting Aksu's economic development. Aksu The government is actively guiding more Wenzhou people to 'fry cotton', especially in the field of cotton deep processing." "Baotuan" is an excellent tradition of Wenzhou people's "commercial world", and it is a way for Wenzhou businessmen to reduce risks and protect themselves.However, in recent years, once Wenzhou businessmen appeared in the form of "tuan", they were immediately looked at sideways by the world: "tuan" is organized and powerful, and it is very likely to manipulate the market. Therefore, "Wenzhou Tuan" is almost the same as "Market hype" is equivalent. At the beginning of 2006, an "Investment in Beijing-Wenzhou Enterprise Investment Fair" was held in Beijing, and a Wenzhou businessman group composed of 65 people brought tens of billions of capital to Beijing. At the opening of the meeting, the organizer expressed the hope that the Wenzhou business group will be able to 'fall in love', 'marry' and 'have children' with Beijing state-owned enterprises this time.There are 180 state-owned enterprises, 50 Zhongguancun high-tech enterprises, and some financial projects extending olive branches to Wenzhou businessmen.According to the organizer, more than 100 state-owned enterprises have designed assets reaching 30 billion yuan. He and many other time-honored brands in Beijing are on the list.” The well-known economist Cheng Siwei once pointed out the maze for Wenzhou private capital: "Unity is strength, and it develops through joint-stock systems, mergers, acquisitions, and joint development." The "New 36 Articles" clearly stated that private enterprises are encouraged and guided to develop through shareholding, holding, and assets Participate in the restructuring and reorganization of state-owned enterprises in various forms such as acquisitions, and reasonably reduce the proportion of state-owned capital in state-owned holding enterprises." This trip to Beijing to negotiate, on the one hand, state-owned enterprises and high-tech enterprises are thirsty for capital, and on the other hand, there is no gap for private idle funds. All happy cooperation. However, when the outside world heard that "Wenzhou merchants organized a group to go to Beijing", they immediately dubbed it the "Wenzhou group's latest move - speculating in state-owned enterprises". In fact, developing state-owned enterprises, negotiating property rights, and making long-term investments have no short-term huge profits, and hype is purely "unfounded worry."However, there are also experts who intentionally or unintentionally mentioned various problems in the restructuring of state-owned enterprises in Northeast China: "After private capital enters state-owned enterprises, it often adopts methods such as stealing money and changing pillars or replacing equipment, and constantly sells the production equipment and assets of state-owned enterprises, and transfers the funds obtained. Use it for other purposes. Another common method is to take all or part of the preferential policies given to employees by the state policy. For example, the government’s compensation for the placement of employees is withheld from it in various names. When there is no oil to squeeze, Speculators then choose the time to withdraw their funds and walk away." The Wenzhou people came to Beijing with two purposes: Wenzhou enterprises that started out as traditional manufacturing companies need to transform, and hope to go north to Beijing to connect with high-tech industries; Wenzhou people still have lingering fears about the policy turmoil towards private enterprises in history, and they can have the opportunity to invest in state-owned enterprises , which is of great benefit to future development. The national retreat and the democratic advancement kicked off, and a large number of grassroots private entrepreneurs are ready to move and have great ambitions. In 2001, the explosive event of "private enterprises annexing state-owned enterprises" created by Wenzhou's private economic figures as the protagonist is still regarded as a good talk in Wenzhou. A private enterprise named Dehui and an unknown Wenzhou businessman Qian Jinnai took three well-known state-owned enterprises in Urumqi, Xinjiang—Urumqi Hotel, Urumqi Restaurant, and South Railway Station Small Commodity Wholesale Market—under his command.Such a story has subverted the long-standing thinking and concepts of Wenzhou people. Qian Jinnai's story, like all Wenzhou people, is step by step and intriguing.But the difference is that Qian Jinnai's story is full of twists and turns, and every step is startling. In 1985, Qian Jinnai, a middle school teacher from Yueqing, Wenzhou, went to Xinjiang and opened a sales department of electromechanical products near the oil base.A few years later, Qian Jinnai founded the first mechanical and electrical wholesale market in Xinjiang, and established a foreign trade company, Yitong Group, to sell Wenzhou products to Central Asia and Russia. In September 1995, Qian Jinnai reached a cooperation with Guangxi Liuzhou Cable Factory and invested 25 million to establish Urumqi Cable Factory.In the second year, Xinjiang Cable Factory, the biggest competitor, was acquired by a listed company and monopolized the market strongly. Qian Jinnai gave up the equity of Urumqi Cable Factory and left the rivers and lakes for a while to study and recharge. In 2001, Qian Jinnai came back and chose to make a comeback in his hometown - Xinjiang.He cooperated with Hu Chengzhong to jointly establish Xinjiang Dehui Real Estate Co., Ltd.After that, Qian Jinnai merged the three major state-owned enterprises in Urumqi Hotel, Restaurant and South Railway Station Small Commodity Wholesale Market, which was the first private enterprise in the east to merge with a state-owned enterprise in Xinjiang. After that, Qian Jinnai's story became more exciting and dangerous like a TV series. Merger of hotels and restaurants in Urumqi, acquisition of Galaxy Real Estate Company, asset restructuring "Shuang'an", and Qian Jinnai's "capital operation" three classics, which were passed down as classics for a while.Perhaps it was because the last period of his career was defeated by a listed company. After his re-emergence, Qian Jinnai's career has been branded with capital expansion. In 2003, Dehui Industrial Group and the Turpan Municipal People's Government jointly established "Xinjiang Turpan Grape Co., Ltd.", which intends to operate in the form of a listed company.After that, the establishment of Dehui International Plaza, an international trade city with an investment of 380 million yuan, marked another peak of Qian Jinnai's career. However, on the second day of the new year in 2008, a fire broke out in Dehui International Plaza. In the end, almost all the goods in the entire market were burned, and the loss exceeded 1.1 billion.Qian Jinnai's career has returned to the starting point again. Accumulating capital through industry, facing various opportunities and experiences, paying tuition fees, and learning capital operation, Wenshang is gradually transforming and growing. The Prophet of Spring River Plumbing Duck, Wenzhou Capital is usually the forerunner of every profitable industry. In 2008, with the rise of RMB funds, equity investment (PE) once became a new outlet for Wen capital. In recent years, the international gold market has been active, attracting a large number of Wenzhou private capital.The generous Wenzhou people also once caused the phenomenon of "gold speculation".In the past, investors bought gold with "grams" as the unit of measurement, while Wenzhou investors bought gold in terms of "jins". The amount of gold investment ranged from several million to tens of millions. Where there are huge profits, there must be Wenzhou merchants. Wenzhou merchants who are "quick-eyed, bold and careful" can always leave their footprints in various popular profit-making industries.The resources of state-owned enterprises dare to develop; the gold reserve spends a lot of money; and the materials related to the daily life of the people have also become the "hands-on" of the Wenzhou hype group under special circumstances. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a famine one year, and the common people could not eat enough, and people starved to death everywhere.Someone reported the situation to Emperor Hui of Jin, but Emperor Hui of Jin said to the reporter: "There is no food to eat, why don't they eat meat?" This answer is enough to make people laugh and cry. However, after more than a thousand years of history, Emperor Hui of Jin's suggestion received people's response: Vegetables are too expensive, and we have already started eating meat! Since the Spring Festival in 2010, people began to feel that the prices of daily necessities around them were quietly rising.Especially since May, the prices of agricultural products such as garlic, mung beans, and corn have risen even more. In Chinese folk, there has been a proverb since ancient times that "garlic is crazy and ginger is fool". The prices of garlic and ginger, two agricultural products, are volatile and fluctuate violently.Originally, price changes are not surprising, but no matter how changeable the price is and how violent the fluctuation is, there are still certain upper and lower limits.If it breaks the bottom line and the price of garlic exceeds that of pork, it means that it has entered an abnormal state. The soaring price of garlic has made the citizens feel a sense of "garlic", and also caused farmers and small and medium-sized wholesalers to operate poorly. They cannot be the beneficiaries of "garlic you are ruthless".However, in a certain market in Panxi, the story of a "Mr. 20 million" made many small and medium wholesalers envious. In 2009, a large household in the Panxi market ate a large amount of garlic, bought low and sold high, and "acquired gold" of 20 million yuan within one year. Regarding this story, many garlic dealers in Panxi Market said that it was true: "He is from Wenzhou, so the channels for obtaining information and the strength of funds are not comparable to those of us small households!" Coincidentally, in Jinxiang County, Shandong Province, the hometown of garlic in China, there is another "legend" that has made a profit of over 100 million yuan by harvesting garlic.A boss surnamed Wu, also from Wenzhou, purchased 80 million yuan of garlic in 2009. At that time, the highest purchase price was about 1.5 yuan/kg. After the purchase, he stored it in a cold storage rented by Jinxiang.Since then, although I don't know how much he sold the garlic, but based on the not-so-high price of 4 yuan/kg, his profit is more than 100 million yuan. Indeed, during the one-year price increase cycle of garlic, it is those powerful "big dealers" who really make a lot of money.一位获利颇丰的蔬菜批发商表示，自己20多年辛苦积攒下的几百万，在这轮行情中根本摆不上台面，包括“2000万先生”，也只能算作入门级的炒家，“这么疯的行情，没几个亿根本撬不动，真正的炒家哪会蹲在农贸市场里？” 土豆、大蒜、生姜、绿豆等一个一个轮番高涨。甚至一度，大蒜价格超过猪肉，居高不下。在“蒜你狠”、“逗你玩”等现象的背后，温州商人的身影屡见不鲜。 温州中小企业发展促进会调查显示，有超过亿元温州游资进入北方大蒜市场，这还只是官方的数据。甚至诸如大蒜胶囊之类的蒜制品都成为礼品市场的主要组成。这种现象也不是一夜之间发生的，早在2003年“非典”时期，大蒜具有杀菌排毒等功能，因而也一度走热，在那时就有温州资本进入。 几乎每一次市场动态的出现，每一回市场行情的涨幅，温商都不甘心做旁观者，因此外界也总是把温州民间资本视为中国民间资本的“晴雨表”和“风向标”。 房产、黄金、农产品、中药等等，温州民营都见“机”行事，“机”不择食。这些投资行为中，聚集着众多女性，她们被称为“太太团”。富足的太太们在炒作市场、疯狂投资之余，依然有大量的剩余资金与时间。“太太赌博团”在温州已是司空见惯的事情。 不论是民资入驻国企的豪气干云天，还是大蒜市场的短期游击战，抑或是挑战法律底线的“太太赌博团”，无一不在说明温州闲置资本的努力与迷茫，挣扎与无助。 2010年5月，据工信部公布的数据显示，4月份，原材料、动力、燃料购进价格同比上涨12%。一方面，这意味着世界经济开始复苏；另一方面，也意味着企业未来生产成本压力会继续加大。 原材料价格开始飙升，不仅仅是4月份的事情，也不仅限于某一个品种。 其实，由2009年国庆节开始，尤其是2010年5月过后，棉价就像一匹脱了缰的野马，疯狂上涨：1～5月，棉花平均价格为16540元/吨，与2009年下半年相比上涨21%左右。同时，2010年5月，棉纱平均购进价格最高达到25200元/吨，与2009年同期上涨50%。高棉价时代来临，给下游的纺织、服装行业带来的压力可想而知。 价格上涨的情况，也发生在其他原材料身上。2010年初，硫磺的价格还为600元/吨，6个月后，就上涨到1500元/吨。对此，淄博建龙化工一位经理表示：“仅此一项，就让我们备受煎熬。” 在流动性过剩的现在，原材料价格在一个又一个区域演绎着上涨态势。一旦这种涨价潮，波及终端工业消费品价格，静听泡沫破裂的脆响声或许就在不远处。 在市场外界看来，此番农产品投机的主力军是温州民间资本，但对于丰富的资本拥有量来说，农产品涉及的投机金额，充其量只能算作小打小闹，工业原料才是部分温州民间资本埋伏的重地。 一位温商，对于自己参与工业原料投机的事实毫不遮掩，并表示自己在工业原料的投机资金高达2亿元。 通过对经济走势和行业状况的判断，他们往往会先选择一种工业原料。看好之后就大量购进，而且只买不卖。如果判断失误，囤积的原材料，在市场货源已经供应充足，或供过于求时，各个炒家之间就会相互联合起来，以低于进价的价格将此前囤积的原料大量抛售，如果以每吨6000元购进，可能会以5800元甚至5600元抛售。 炒家联合起来进行的大量抛售，必然会引起价格的大跌，价格可能会跌到5000元左右。此时，炒家们就会以相应的价格再次大量购进。如此辗转腾挪，炒家的购进成本大大降低，等到原料再次紧缺时，他们可能会以6000元以上的价格卖出。 此外，大多数炒家对市场信息的变化具有敏感的把握能力，他们更多会选择与实体经济联系密切的工业原料。对于国家经济而言，实体经济是不可或缺的中坚力量，获利的可能与空间都会以倍数扩大，而与此相关的原材料自然也是投机热门中的热门。2010年4月，一位温州商人用于有色金属的投机资金达到了9亿元。 除了准确选择投机对象外，炒家们往往还会联合“内部人士”，以确保投机成果的可靠与最大化。 一切都因他们在幕后操纵，市场供求在他们的支配下发生改变，这就是投机的魔力，当然，其中需要大量的资金做支撑。依靠雄厚的资金，温州商人控制了浙江沿海如宁波港等处的大量仓储基地，而这种结果，使得拥有更多市场投机资金者，得到了更多的囤积空间，并通过一系列令人看不懂的操作手法，获取巨额利润。 炒家获取巨额利润的背后，是中国工业原材料供给的紊乱与无序。早在2009年《德国金融时报》就曾有这样的言论：“中国对工业原料的需求不断上涨，无论对于生产者还是供货者，这都是一个好消息。而原料的减少，则归为投机商的责任。” 除了工业原材料，电子器件也成为温商狂舞的新平台。 如果你在2010年6月有配置电脑的打算，且已经去电脑市场进行了一番“巡视”，肯定会明显感觉到异样。那就是，你抱着“捡便宜”的心态去，会带着失望的表情回来，而始作俑者就是电脑市场此起彼伏的“涨声”。 在一片“涨声”中，涨得最厉害、也最明目张胆的是内存，即2G的DDR2内存。2009年底，这款内存价格不过100元左右，而半年后，就已经涨到350元。此外，机箱、电脑、音箱和鼠标键盘等电脑配件，都有程度不同的涨幅。 既然电脑配件涨价，人们可能就将配置电脑的打算暂时搁置，静待价格下跌后再去配，付出的代价只是暂时先用旧电脑或推迟一段时间使用电脑。但是，电脑配件涨价只是电子元器件暴涨风潮的冰山一角。二三极管、电容电阻等，一天一个价，价格疯涨，有时，即使出高价也不一定能拿到货。 2010年4月，AVX10u16v钽电容的价格还是0.26元/个，到6月份时，却上涨到0.6元/个。几乎所有的钽电容价格都在上涨，有些甚至成倍涨。而对于电子产品来说，这类元器件是无处不在的必需配件。 如果说电脑配置只是影响个人，电子元器件却足以影响诸多企业的生产经营。目前，我国是电子产品生产、销售大国。电子元器件价格的大幅度上涨，造成了国内很多该行业上游及生产企业均出现供不应求的情况。 作为一家民营小企业，先发公司主营配电自动化设备，同时还为跨国企业代工。电子元器件正是其生产所需的原料，它常常在北京、苏州、广东、上海等地采购。但2010年3月以来，电子元器件价格的大幅上涨，且交货周期的延长，使得先发公司的订单也无法按期交付，不仅如此，企业利润也一点点被挤压得所剩无几。 原材料价格上涨，在世界范围来看，已经不再属于新闻的范畴。就电子元器件而言，欧洲国家金融危机并未消退，很多生产厂家在2009年就开始大幅减产。而从国内来看，电子元器件价格上涨，与广东、深圳一带的用工荒也不无关系。金融风暴肆虐时，广东、深圳一带的电子元器件工厂大量倒闭，工人纷纷“回巢”，虽然现在经济已经有所回暖，但工人并未完全“回潮”，与此前相比，电子元器件产量自然也会减少。 就此而言，电子元器件价格上涨，也有一定的必然因素，更何况，国际上原材料价格都在上涨。但如果仔细深究，就会发现其中蹊跷。如果电子元器件价格上涨10%左右，实属正常，应该也在企业接受范围之内。但价格以翻倍的级别上涨，形势直追“蒜你狠”，这其中，温商资本“功不可没”。 从2009年第二季度开始，一些私募资金希望入股半导体等高科技企业，其中，不乏数个温州老板。半导体资深分析师顾文军表示：“我就知道好几家温州老板投资的半导体企业。楼市调控使大量温州民间资金从楼市撤出，当民间资本涌入电子制造业时，他们发现投机元器件似乎赚钱更快。” 于是，在市场上电子元器件货源充沛时，他们会大量囤积常用的知名品牌元件，涵盖所有的电容、电阻等。此后，他们开始充当“铁公鸡”的角色，只进不出，或多进少出，甚至干脆拒绝销售，以造成缺货的假象。等到价格上涨后，他们再将手中的存货售出，就可坐收暴利。 有些炒家还会直接与大的代理商私下“勾结”，将货源垄断。为了谋取利润，一些代理商和业务人员，也极有可能与炒家达成默契，直接将电子元器件生产企业的产品，拉到炒家的仓库中囤积，造成局部地区缺货，进而可以哄抬价格，获得利润。 狂舞之下，总有曲终人散之际，可是对于无处可去的资本，又有什么更好的选择呢？ 温州人追逐财富的脚步，从来都不受空间地域的限制。有人称温州的经济就是“候鸟经济”，哪里有生意就在哪里停留。 作为小商品制造基地，在海外投资上，温州人最早进行的项目便是进出口贸易。2010年，温州全年进出口贸易额达130亿美元，且每年都以两位数增长。 以小商品、服饰等为主的对外贸易，主要依靠汇率差价和相关优惠政策盈利，利润率较低，且很大程度上受制于国外市场行情、进出口政策。 10多年前，温州人黄劲松前往墨西哥，以推销皮带起家，发展到经销中国服装、鞋帽、眼镜、皮具等，公司年每年的收入达1亿美元。顶峰时期，他供应的中国皮带占据墨西哥1/3市场份额，“可以说垄断了墨西哥”。 俄罗斯是温州商品的第二大出口地，每年交易额高达4亿美元。20世纪80～90年代之交，苏联解体，经济形势恶化，日用品匮乏，众多的温州商人带着商品来到俄罗斯。当时，在中俄边境出现并活跃着数量庞大的“倒爷”，演绎着“一船西瓜换回一车化肥”、“北京的倒爷震东欧”的传奇故事。1989年，温州商人牟其中用国内大量轻工产品，从俄罗斯换回了4架民航飞机，更成为一时美谈。 当时，俄罗斯一些航空货运公司打点好海关，为中俄贸易提供便利，货运公司“包机包税”，中国商人只负责发货与交钱。这种迷雾重重的灰色交易，多年来得到俄罗斯海关委员会的默许。据说，当时“灰色清关”发展到海运、铁运和汽运行业，以至俄罗斯每年损失近百亿美元。 当然，“灰色清关”毕竟风险大，成本高，因此，一些温州人巧妙地在俄罗斯建立分公司，加工国内生产的半成品，贴上“Made in Russian”标签后出售。在温商聚集的莫斯科ACT市场，一个集装箱里，前半部分是门面，后半部分做仓库和半成品作坊，规模有限，但收益不菲。 随着更多的中国商人进入墨西哥市场，市场饱和，利润锐减。当次贷危机发生时，欧美经济千疮百孔，温商大受牵连，市场冷清，就连一向火爆的中餐馆的生意也下滑30％至50％。 经济危机下欧美经济的凋敝是影响贸易的重要因素，同时，近几年来，在国外从事商品贸易的温州商人，遭遇各种突发事件，深受重创。 2006年年底，身在俄罗斯的温州商人惊闻噩讯：从第二年4月份开始，俄罗斯政府不再允许任何外国人在当地市场从事零售经营。在如此强制的逐客令面前，温州商人唯有尽快甩卖库存，撤离“不相信眼泪”的莫斯科。 2008年11月初，捷克布拉格亚洲商业批发中心大火蔓延，50多家温州商户聚集于此，从事服装、鞋、小工艺品等生意，是主要的受灾群体，每户损失上百万美元，几近破产。2008年，泰国局势动荡，从事毛毯、礼品和旅游商品为主的数千名泰国温商经营大滑坡，甚至还有商人丧身暴乱中的流弹。年底，大水淹没威尼斯，当地1000多家温州商铺、酒吧、咖啡馆受海水入侵浸泡，据估计当地温商受损超过百万欧元。 在温州经济产业结构调整和升级时，到海外欠发达地区投资建厂，成为温州众多投资密集型企业的选择。 2000年，非洲低廉的人力成本颇为诱人，于是温州哈杉鞋业在西非尼日利亚设立工厂，之后几年发展迅速；2003年，温州永嘉的李汇祥在越南河内建立了一家服装厂，一切技术和面料都来自国内，80多名越南工人仅负责加工，之后将成品出口欧美。 2004年11月，在首届中国—东盟博览会上，国务院副总理吴仪曾鼓励温州企业带头进军东盟市场。随着中国—东盟自由贸易区的成立，出口通道被打通，温州有更多劳动密集型产业开始对外转移。人力成本、土地成本相对较低的越南、老挝、柬埔寨等东盟国家成为温商投资的热土。据统计，2005年，温州商人在越南生产的轻工和原料产品的产值，一年要达到5000万美元。 在山西、新疆等地积累了丰富采矿经验的温州人纷纷开始懂得整合全球资源。东盟、非洲、南美等国家矿产丰富，但开采和加工能力偏低，温州非常敏锐地捕捉到这一信息，海外能源行业投资成为热门。 2003年年底，温州青年企业家卢伟光为了稳固国内建材生意的材料来源，在巴西亚马逊河旁1.5万公顷的原始森林，雇佣当地工人开设了两家木材加工厂。 2005年，越南浙江商会会长邹青海在越南青化省投资5000万元人民币，获得一座铬矿20年的开采权。同年，山西煤老板——温州苍南林云华在非洲加蓬获得2000平方千米锰矿详细勘探权，第二年又获得2000平方千米的铅锌矿勘探权，一跃成为加蓬的第三大矿业企业。 2006年，温州民企广寿集团跨过鸭绿江，撬开朝鲜矿产之门，投资605万美元“大广合营会社”，经营钼矿选址、开采、加工与销售。 同样是山西煤老板，温州平阳人魏昌会在柬埔寨成立中天日矿产资源有限公司，投资300万美元，开采金矿，并经营加工、销售工作。 海外采矿，海外掘金，一片火热的背后，温州人的海外投资也有鲜为人知的惨痛经历。 2007年，温州瑞安人黄建忠远赴非洲刚果（布）开采有色金属矿。非洲是矿业的处女地，来自全球各地的矿商都汇集于此，竞争激烈、投入巨大、前期工作漫长，“从申请探矿权证到拿到该证就花了三四个月，期间自己申请的一个矿山还被人'抢'了，之后又花了整整两年才找到了矿的走向，目前矿山已经进入详勘期，等到探矿完毕，又需要申请采矿权证，采矿完毕，把矿卖出去又将是一个漫长的过程”，黄建忠不得不承认，赢利还遥不可及，采矿的回报无法估量，风险更是难以预测。 还有血本无归的案例。2000年，温州乐清商人朱文奇创办的虹丰粮油集团为取得进一步发展，在他人的牵线搭桥之下，远赴地广人稀的俄罗斯比罗比詹犹太自治州，获得7500亩的10年开发权。 “最初我们考虑到俄罗斯土地和劳动力价格都很便宜，估算出比罗比詹州一亩地的年利润在300元左右，但实际上'潜伏'着巨大风险。”头几年，虹丰粮油集团在俄罗斯种植玉米、大豆，但由于运回国内成本奇高，只得在当地销售，收益却不尽如人意。同时，国内的种子、化肥入境俄罗斯也异常麻烦。经过五六年的挣扎，最终只得以转让作罢。 2001年，乐清市鸿基农业科技有限公司将花卉基地建到了美国旧金山，由于对美国的政策、法律法规等把握不够，对潜在风险与成本估计不足，花卉基地也以失败告终。 世界各地华人经济都是以传统产业起步，批发零售、餐饮、服装、鞋类等的处境日见艰难，如何实现世界华人经济的成功转型和突破，是海外华商共同关注的命题。 有成有败，还有一种海外投资，属于“勇敢者的游戏”。 在阿富汗战火稍停的时候，一直在巴基斯坦做生意的金向东与方圣平，从巴基斯坦转战到阿富汗寻找商机。当时，阿富汗依旧很混乱，经常有人趁乱打劫，外地人到那里做生意，似乎会更加困难。善于标新立异的金向东与方圣平，以每天每人相当于150元人民币的薪水，聘请了4个荷枪实弹的民兵，专门护送自己做生意。 一般乱世求财是比较容易的，温州人的精明让金向东与方圣平很快就发现了投资项目——为塔利班政府部门提供低压电器，很容易就收到塔利班政府部门价值数百万美元的订货单。 当然，他们担的风险也很大，金向东与方圣平由于不经允许对阿富汗路人进行拍照被抓了起来，多亏与客户的关系好，塔利班的水电部长出面，他们这才逃过一劫。即使如此，他们在阿富汗做生意的激情仍然没有消失。在温州商人的集会上，他们甚至得出“阿富汗变成火药桶后，喀什没有出现抢购和囤积生活物资的情况，对做生意影响不大”的结论。 作为勇敢的探索者，温州商人在海外投资上的成与败、得与失，都是华人经济发展史上的历练。