Chapter 30 4. Government orders are like iron: do not withdraw troops if you do not win a complete victory

Although the "rice bag" governor responsibility system was formulated a few years ago, it mainly focused on food production at that time.This food reform has deepened the connotation of the "rice bag" governor's responsibility system, and incorporated grain circulation into the content of the "rice bag" governor's responsibility system, which is a very important content.The State Council clearly stipulates in the "Decision to Further Deepen the Reform of the Grain Circulation System" that the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be fully responsible for the grain production and circulation in their regions. The second is to ensure the supply of the grain market; the third is to establish and improve the provincial grain reserve system; the fourth is to be responsible for adjusting the food surplus in the region; the fifth is to speed up the construction of the grain market system; the sixth is to formulate and implement measures to digest new and old grain financial liabilities .

The governors weighed the "bag of rice" again and found that it had become significantly heavier.In the past, the central government was responsible for the distribution of grain, and the local government was only responsible for grain production.If there is less food, ask the central government for it; if there is more food, please ask the central government to adjust.But now, the governors must not only focus on food production, but also focus on food distribution and be responsible for the food balance in the region.Clearly, this is a more difficult task, but one that must be undertaken.

In response to the new grain reform's redefinition of central and local grain rights, local governments began to re-establish their roles in grain work. Jiangsu Province has established a “city-county grading responsibility system under the governor’s responsibility system”, which stipulates that the provincial government is responsible for the balance of the province’s total grain, provincial reserves and market regulation. Responsible for food and infrastructure construction to ensure the balance between local food supply and demand. At the same time, the city also has clear responsibilities and hierarchical responsibilities for the counties (cities).

The Jiangxi provincial government has also established the "four determinations" relationship with the prefectural and county governments of "ordering quantity, grain sales volume, expense interest subsidy, and financial accounting", and has made further adjustments to the grain reform responsibilities of governments at all levels. subdivision. Chai Songyue, governor of Zhejiang Province, at the province's economic work conference, assigned a task to the cadres of the agricultural mouth: to check the "rice vat" of the whole province and get a feel for the "family property" of Zhejiang's grain.He himself traveled lightly and went to the famous granary Hangjiahu Plain to conduct a careful investigation. The "rice vat" was found out, and Chai Songyue said: Zhejiang Province must stabilize the total grain production at about 15 billion kilograms. If it is lower than this number, it will bear historical responsibility in the future.

Hunan Province is a well-known large grain-producing province in the country. After the grain reform was launched, the province first started with good price sales and promoted the comprehensive reform of the grain circulation system.The provincial government has issued two urgent notices on the sale of grain at the same price, requiring the whole province to take unified action to sell grain at the retail price stipulated by the provincial government. At the same time, the management of the grain market has been strengthened, and individual and private grain merchants are not allowed to directly purchase grain in the countryside to ensure smooth prices. The sale went smoothly.

The Henan provincial government no longer issued a matching quota allocation plan for the production and sales areas in the province. The role of the government will evolve to achieve market regulation by handling provincial reserves when necessary. The supply and demand of grain in the production and sales areas in the province will mainly Regulated by the market. The Hebei Provincial Government implements a hierarchical responsibility system to implement responsibilities and tasks at all levels.What stands out is that in terms of grain procurement, wherever there is a problem, the leaders of that place will be punished. At the end of 1998, the Henan provincial government issued a circular announcing the results of the handling of the illegal collection of grain by grain processing households in Meihua Town, Gaocheng City and the violation of grain reform policies by some grain stations in Zaoqiang County. The leaders of the Qiang county government in charge of food work and the heads of the food and industrial and commercial departments were also punished by the party and government.Meihua Town, Gaocheng City, Shijiazhuang is a concentration of small flour mills in the countryside, with more than 240 flour mills.During the summer harvest in 1998, the problem of these flour mills purchasing grain in violation of the grain reform policy became prominent. Although the relevant departments have rectified many times, they have not been completely resolved.For this reason, the Shijiazhuang government made a decision to give Peng Jichang, the deputy mayor of Gaocheng City in charge of grain work, an administrative penalty.The Gaocheng government decided to give Sun Ruihai, director of the Gaocheng Administration for Industry and Commerce, and Li Guokun, director of the Grain Bureau, administrative demerits, and remove Wu Junxi from the post of director of the Meihua Town Grain Market Industrial and Commercial Office.In addition, three grain stations in Zaoqiang County, Hengshui City violated the grain purchase policy. The service attitude of the Chengguan grain station was poor, and the door was not open for purchase during working hours; Colluded to privately issue grain transfer orders.For this reason, the Hengshui Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government decided to give Ma Yulai, the deputy county magistrate of Zaoqiang County, the punishment of major administrative demerit; The legal representative of the Grain Station was dismissed; Meng Fanyi, a grain inspector at Majunzhai Grain Station, was dismissed from office; Li Jun'e, an accountant at Changliu Changgrain Station, was dismissed from office and handed over to the judiciary.

It was unheard of in the past to punish local leaders for failing to manage the grain market well, which shows how much governments at all levels attach importance to grain work.Some people may think that this is too harsh, but there are orders and prohibitions, and nothing can be done well, and nothing can be done.This is especially true for such a major issue as the reform of the grain circulation system, which involves a wide range of areas, has a wide range of influence, and has many obstacles. All of the above, to a large extent, enabled the central government to get rid of the ills of excessive and ineffective control over grain circulation in the past, and strengthened the sense of responsibility and urgency of local governments to manage the grain issue. The "rice bag" governor responsibility system has been further improved.

In the past, some people worried that the provincial governor's "rice bag" responsibility system would make the production and marketing areas "sweep the snow before the door", and would form a situation of fragmentation of grain supply and demand between regions.In fact, after the implementation of the new grain circulation system, the administrative allocation relationship under the planning system between production and marketing areas has evolved into a new type of market contract relationship.Recently, the three rice producing areas of Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan, and the two main sales areas of Guangdong and Guangxi jointly issued regional grain purchase and sales prices for the first time, and communicated about this year's production and sales plans. Provinces and autonomous regions also held similar grain management coordination meetings, and uniformly introduced the minimum price for grain sales of state-owned grain purchase and storage enterprises.This shows that the production and sales areas have begun to realize that it is the general trend to rationally allocate the basic resource of grain by relying on the market and contracts.The four provinces of Northeast China and Inner Mongolia are the most important grain producing areas in China. The total grain output accounts for 1/6 of the country's total, especially the corn inventory accounts for 3/4 of the country's total. Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, as the main rice producing areas, provide China's rice commodity volume is about 6.5 billion kilograms, which plays a decisive role in the national rice market.But for a long time, these areas have faced a common problem: when the harvest is good, the sales area does not actively adjust the sales, and the high storage and storage costs are thrown to the production area; Adjusted food at a reasonable price.This imbalance of interests between production and sales areas once directly affected the enthusiasm for growing grain in major production areas.This reform of the grain circulation system is prompting the production and sales regions to readjust their mutual interests.

As the main body of grain circulation, the reform of state-owned grain enterprises is also in full swing.According to the grain reform plan, state-owned grain purchase and storage enterprises must be completely decoupled from government grain administrative agencies in terms of personnel, property, and other aspects, implement separation of administration and enterprise, establish a new mechanism of independent management and self-responsibility for profits and losses, and truly become an economic entity with independent accounting.The number of personnel directly engaged in grain purchase and storage business shall be gradually reduced to about half of the existing personnel.

According to the spirit of grain reform, state-owned grain enterprises across the country have started a major reform aimed at themselves. Jilin Province has reformed the property rights system in more than 1,400 grain depots. On the basis of focusing on large and medium-sized grain depots, it has pushed small and medium-sized grain enterprises to the market through mergers, leases, auctions, and shares. Clearing up debts, more than 70 million yuan of various debts have been cleared up to now.According to preliminary calculations, the province's food system will reduce its deficit by 10% this year.

Through deepening reforms, Hubei Province has diverted 100,000 food system workers since 1995. From January to May 1998 alone, tens of thousands of people were diverted. The reform of the grain distribution system in Hebei has achieved particularly remarkable results. The province’s state-owned grain system has turned losses into profits, opened up to purchase and store 5 billion kilograms of grain, and achieved sales of 1.185 billion kilograms at the right price, with a profit of 144.5 million yuan in the three months from August to October alone. Yuan.Hebei Province is a large agricultural province with an annual grain output of close to 30 million tons. The reform of the grain distribution system in this province is particularly arduous.While earnestly rectifying the external environment, the province has focused on internal system reform.The province's grain system regards the separation of government from enterprises and staff reduction and diversion as an important part of the reform of the grain circulation system. It has decided to reduce the number of employees in grain purchase and storage enterprises from 82,000 to 40,000 in order to reduce operating expenses and achieve a system-wide turnaround. .By the end of October, there were 2,615 depots in the province. According to the principle of one township, one depot and the need for monopoly acquisitions, 2,034 depots were identified as state-owned grain collection and storage enterprises, and 581 depots were separated into affiliated enterprises as a whole. . From June to October, more than 800 million yuan in grain and oil purchase bonuses have been issued, and all closed operations have been realized, and both return rate and loan collection rate have reached 100%.The whole system has bid farewell to losses since June, and since August, the monthly profit has been more than 45 million yuan. Shanghai regards deepening the reform of the grain circulation system as an important part of Shanghai's economic system reform. Through reform, it will promote the transformation of the operation mechanism of state-owned grain enterprises, take on the important task of the main channel of grain circulation, further protect the enthusiasm of farmers for production, and clarify the grain work of governments at all levels. accountability.Now, Shanghai has newly established the Grain Bureau as the grain administrative department, and at the same time established Shanghai Liangyou (Group) Co., Ltd., which uses assets as a link to unite municipal grain enterprises, and has completely completed the major reform of separating government from enterprises.The relevant person in charge of Shanghai pointed out that their goal is to achieve three "three-year" goals, that is, the transformation of grain enterprises will be basically completed within three years, the accounting of food debts will be completed within three years, and the diversion of personnel will be implemented within three years. As a major commodity grain province in China, Jilin Province is also progressing smoothly in grain reform.The province's grain distribution enterprises sold 272.9 tons of grain from June to September, accounting for 80% of the grain sales in 1998, reversing the loss-making situation of grain operations and earning a net profit of 81 million yuan.Their main method is to do a good job in the internal reform of grain enterprises, so as to promote the comprehensive reform of the grain circulation system.Specifically, "three points": First, the separation of administration and enterprise.The 34 grain export counties (cities, districts) in the whole province have established grain purchase, storage and distribution companies.These companies are independent legal entities, mainly responsible for the collection, storage and sales of grain, the unified purchase of assets, the unified planning of storage and storage, and the unified management of personnel, property and property.The second is the separation of the main subsidiary business, completely decoupling the subsidiary business run by grain purchase and storage enterprises from the purchase and storage enterprises in terms of funds, assets, and personnel.Currently, 80% of enterprises have achieved this separation.The third is the diversion of personnel. There are 217,000 formal employees in the province's grain enterprises, and 10,000 people are separated from the affiliated business.Through these measures, the responsibilities of grain purchase and storage enterprises are more clearly defined, the personnel are more capable, the operating costs are reduced, and the competitiveness is improved. From June to September, the province's grain purchase and storage enterprises reduced expenditure by 920 million yuan compared with the previous year, of which wages decreased by 140 million yuan and management expenses decreased by 100 million yuan. It would be naive to think that as soon as the document is released and the announcement is posted, the food reform will be smooth sailing and the market will be calm.Since the reform will inevitably affect the interests of some people, there are those who set up obstacles secretly, some who oppose it openly, and some who even stab their stomachs with knives August 9, 1998, Shishan Village, Longjia Town, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province Ji Zhongming and others went to collect grain in the countryside of Boyang County, Jiangxi Province, but were seized by the law enforcement team of Houjiagang Industrial and Commercial Grain Market of Boyang County on the way to Anhui.Ji Zhongming and others refused to follow the instructions of the industry and commerce department, and actually chased and killed the industry and commerce officials with kitchen knives.Under the resistance of the crowd, although no murder was caused, the office was smashed into a mess by them, and the door of a business cadre's house was also smashed by him with a knife. Two members of the grain inspection team in Feicheng City, Shandong Province were not so lucky. They were hacked with kitchen knives by several grain vendors in Jiangsu Province when they were investigating a cross-provincial grain case, resulting in a chilling bloodshed. At 4 o'clock in the morning on November 27, 1998, they were inspecting the grain trucks passing by and found three grain trucks transporting corn from west to east. They found that there were no legal grain transportation procedures. Just as they were about to deal with it, a grain truck ran away suddenly. When they stepped forward to stop them, several food vendors raised a kitchen knife and cut a team member's head and left arm. They were sent to the hospital for 15 stitches and 10 stitches respectively to stop the bleeding. Not only bloodshed, but also martyrdom. On October 30, 1998, the Xiaohe Industrial and Commercial Institute of Weiyuan County, Sichuan, together with the Xiaohe Town Comprehensive Law Enforcement Team and the Xiaohe Town Grain Station, carried out grain law enforcement inspections. An agricultural transport vehicle came in the direction, and he asked it to stop for inspection, and found that there were 4 tons of illegally purchased wheat on the vehicle.In order to prevent the car from escaping, they directed the car to reverse and park on the right.At this moment, another large truck loaded with non-iodized salt overtook from the left, squeezed Liu Minggao in the middle and crushed him. He died on the way to the hospital for emergency treatment.Today, only 6 days away from his 31st birthday. Sweat, blood, and even life is required. This is the difficulty of food reform!But we must not be deterred by this, otherwise our previous efforts will be wasted.The ice has been broken, the waterway has been cleared, and there is no reason for any hesitation or wandering.No matter how many obstacles, dangers and difficulties there are in front of us, and no matter how much we need to pay, or even how many sacrifices, we can only finally achieve our goals if we break through the resistance and move forward bravely.Other than that, there is no other choice. Blood and sweat but no tears, this is our determination!Now, the law enforcement team members of the grain market in various places are still keeping their vigilant eyes open, strictly checking the small tubes, leaving no loopholes, and not letting off any lawbreakers. At the National Industrial and Commercial Administration System Reform Work Conference that ended on December 2, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce announced that the focus of work in 1999 would still be on controlling the grain market.This includes strengthening the management of grain purchases, grain processing enterprises, grain wholesale markets, and bazaars, and earnestly focusing on the special struggle to crack down on illegal grain merchants and maintain the order of grain market purchases. The grain market rectification in 1998, together with anti-smuggling, became the two largest and most extensive law enforcement actions in China. On November 12, 1998, CCTV's "Focus Interview" program broadcast an amazing piece of news: On May 22, Premier Zhu Rongji went to Anhui Province to inspect agriculture and rural work, and saw a warehouse full of rice at the Eling Grain Station in Nanling County, Wuhu City .However, in October this year, when the reporter went to the Erling Grain Station, what he saw was an empty warehouse.According to the reports of the local people, the grain that Premier Zhu Rongji saw at that time was urgently dispatched from various grain stations within 5 days, and the grain was returned to the grain stations after inspection. According to the survey, the Erling Grain Station transported a total of 1,031 tons of grain in May, plus the grain stored in No. 6 Warehouse. At that time, the grain station had a total of 1,883 tons of grain.Erling Grain Station spent more than 100,000 yuan to complete the fraudulent transfer work. Yang, deputy director of the Nanling County Grain Bureau explained this approach, saying that Nanling is a well-known grain-producing county in the country, and the superiors came to inspect and found that there was no grain, and their faces were "ugly". So, where did all the food in Nanling go? According to the survey, Nanling County had to purchase at least 10 tons of ordered grain every year according to the plan. In 1997, only 50% of the ordered grain purchase task was completed.The explanation of the grain department is that the storage capacity is insufficient, and the purchase is limited; the farmers’ response is that the grain station does not collect grain or collects grain at a lower price, and the grain station has strict regulations on how much grain to sell, and the money cannot be settled, so they have to sell the surplus grain to private rice factories.It is understood that there are 500 individual rice processing factories in Nanling County, which purchase nearly 1/3 of the county's rice. A basic grain station dared to blatantly deceive the Prime Minister face to face, which shows the difficulty and complexity of the grain reform.We dare not make wild guesses because of this, and we don’t know how many places are falsifying, deceiving, and violating discipline. Shanghai Pudong Cereals and Oils Corporation is also a typical example of violating discipline. At the end of April 1998, the balance of grain and oil purchase loans occupied by the Pudong Branch of the Agricultural Development Bank was 98.66 million yuan, and the actual inventory value was only 17.06 million yuan. Where did the remaining 81.6 million yuan go?Built hotels, repaired apartments, engaged in real estate, and so on. In July 1997, after the State Council decided to provide cost and interest subsidies to grain enterprises with excess grain stocks, Zhengyang County Grain Bureau of Henan Province openly ordered and condoned its grassroots grain stations and related personnel to issue false invoices, tamper with financial accounts and statistical statements, etc. , Falsely reported more than 3 million yuan in grain financial subsidies, and accordingly took up more than 40 million yuan in grain purchase loans from the Agricultural Development Bank.The lax supervision of the local Agricultural Development Bank provided an opportunity for the County Grain Bureau's illegal activities. The Grain Bureau of Laohekou City, Hubei Province took advantage of the opportunity of the reform to make surprise changes to its accounts, and blatantly defrauded the government of financial subsidies. In May 1998, they falsified the bargaining grain purchased at a price lower than the protective price in the summer and autumn of 1997 as the grain purchased at the protective price by falsifying the statement, in order to obtain a price difference and defraud the state of millions of yuan in subsidies. After the promulgation of the "Grain Purchase Regulations" issued by the State Council, there are still many areas that do not strictly implement the central policy. Individual private grain traders hung signs reading "Buy Wheat" on the side of the road and at the door of the store, but no one cared about them.In some places, when farmers pay grain, they only give "receipts" instead of cash, or forcibly deduct the price of grain sold by farmers in the name of withholding seed grain. The policy caused strong dissatisfaction among farmers. Since 1996, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province has implemented the practice of purchasing grain by the grain department and then supplying the seeds to farmers before planting.After the National Grain Purchase and Sales Work Telephone Conference and the "Grain Purchase Regulations" were promulgated and implemented, the governments of Zhenjiang City and Danyang City did not promptly correct the above-mentioned practices in accordance with relevant state regulations.Some township grain stations in Danyang City forcibly deducted 1/3 to 1/2 of the grain sold by farmers in the name of seed grain, leaving farmers with little income from selling grain. Premier Zhu Rongji described these exposed typical cases as "shocking".This is actually only a small part of the large number of violations.If we do not seriously investigate and deal with these violators, we will not be able to guarantee the smooth progress of the reform of the grain distribution system. The reform of the grain circulation system has been in operation for one year. Overall, the progress has been relatively smooth, and some substantial breakthroughs have been made, such as the separation of government from enterprises, the closed operation of purchase funds, and the open purchase of surplus grain from farmers.However, we have to see that due to inconsistent understanding and uncoordinated actions, there are still four tendencies that cannot be ignored in the process of grain reform. One is the lack of a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the grain reform policy.Some local governments take a laissez-faire attitude towards the direct purchase of grain by private traders in rural areas out of consideration for the local interests of the region. base.Some places did not correctly understand the policy of smooth price sales, and required state-owned grain purchase and storage enterprises to set up two smooth price sales prices for the same grain type, based on the purchase price and protection price respectively.Some focus on implementing the "Regulations on Grain Purchasing" to rectify the wholesale and retail links, and mistakenly set the minimum sales price limit for independent accounting and self-responsible for profits and losses of grain retail enterprises, while neglecting the management and supervision of the grain procurement market. Ineffective inspection and lax law enforcement. The second is that some areas have not strictly implemented the policy of open purchase of grain at protective prices and "household payment and settlement". When farmers sell grain, they only give "receipts" and do not pay cash. Unified settlement with the village as the unit.In some places, village cadres do not allow farmers to receive cash, and send village accountants to collect farmers' grain sales receipts at the grain depot purchase site, and then make a unified settlement, deducting overall planning and withdrawal funds, etc. from it.These practices have greatly damaged the interests of farmers and dampened their enthusiasm for growing and selling grain. Third, the grain purchase market has not been fully controlled.After the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on Grain Purchasing", some grassroots governments and relevant departments acted slowly, and the supervision was not enough. As a result, multi-channel grain procurement still existed, which seriously disrupted the grain procurement market.Individual and private grain vendors in some areas openly hang signs reading "buy wheat" on roadsides and in front of stores, and some individual grain collection points purchase quite a large amount of grain.Some individual grain processing factories use secret methods to directly purchase grain from farmers in the name of storage and processing, and then resell it for profit.Regardless of the grain purchase market, there are a large number of multi-channel purchases of grain, and the state-owned grain purchase and storage enterprises have control over grain sources and price sales, and other policies cannot be implemented. Fourth, some grassroots grain departments and state-owned grain purchase and storage enterprises still engage in "reverse operations" to sell grain at a loss at a low price, and some even resort to fraud to obtain state financial subsidies.Some county grain bureau chiefs and heads of grain depots voluntarily use the central grain reserves to sell to private enterprises and self-employed at low prices, harming the public and private interests, causing the state to lose money, and profiting from it.Some county grain departments violated the regulations on the closed operation of purchase funds, directly withdrawing cash from their grain purchase enterprises, opening long-term accounts, relying on sales of goods to get money back, and even falsely reporting grain purchases and inventories to obtain state financial subsidies. In view of the above problems, what needs to be solved urgently at present is to fully and accurately grasp the "Decision of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Grain Circulation System" and related policies, and strictly implement the policy of open purchase of grain at protective prices and "house-to-household settlement". Only when the purchase of surplus grain from farmers is opened at a protected price can farmers be prevented from selling their grain to individual and private traders, and state-owned grain storage companies can control the main grain source, dominate the market grain price, achieve fair price sales, and get rid of business difficulties. Premier Zhu Rongji pointed out that the policies and measures of the central government on the reform of the grain distribution system are completely correct, and the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee fully affirmed this and put forward clear requirements.Whether the grain reform is successful or not is related to the overall situation of reform and development, to the stable development of agricultural production, and to the stability of society. Governments at all levels and all walks of life should attach importance to and support the grain reform work, and in practice create a situation that is both Guarantee to maintain a reasonable grain price, protect farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, and ensure that they can be sold at a fair price, so that the market and consumers can bear it; The new grain circulation system that the three parties are satisfied with. Now, grain improvement has entered a very critical moment. The further we go forward, the more difficult and more difficult it will be.But we can't have any hesitation and let go.According to Zhu Rongji's words, it means "only success is allowed, and failure is not allowed", because this is related to the overall development of the national economy.Zhu Rongji calculated for us that after the grain reform is successful, in addition to achieving the goal of protecting the interests of farmers and promoting grain production, it can also reduce bank accounts by 50 billion yuan and reduce central financial subsidies by 30 billion yuan. 100 million yuan, which does not include local financial subsidies.These tens of billions of funds are undoubtedly a huge support for both the national finance and the development of the national economy. The Party Central Committee and the State Council agreed that the new round of reform of the grain circulation system is in line with China's national conditions and can stand the test of history. Therefore, we must proceed unswervingly without any wavering.