Chapter 34 keep planning -2

The full reality of what happened at that time is unclear.Had the police here been as brave and disciplined as the bailiffs on the old Missy campus, their behavior would have been justifiable.At the same time, it should be fair to say that some of them did get a little too much into it.They later showed more than a hundred weapons recovered from those arrested, including jackknives, golf balls with spikes, batons with spikes embedded in them, bats with blades on their heads, concrete blocks and ordinary Stone. It began on the Thursday, August 3, just before the opening of the convention, under the window of the hotel where the leading candidates were staying.On this day, the Youth International Party (Epis) arrived in Chicago, and they brought a 125-pound pig named Bi Gasser, saying that this was the presidential candidate they planned to nominate.Rosary-wearing, loafers-wearing, bearded, swaggering hippies and hippies settled in Lincoln Park, a 1185-acre stretch of Chicago's North Side.Throughout the weekend, they played guitar, read poetry, and gave speeches.Twelve people were arrested when the 11pm curfew was imposed on Saturday night, and none resisted.On Sunday they numbered two thousand.At 5:00 p.m., they asked the police to allow them to drive a truck into the park and use it as a music station, but the police refused.Then, the police arrested the Yippies leader Jerry Rubin.The crowd was enraged, and they shouted: "Bastard, no, we will never go!" They imitated pigs, and shouted "Hu-Hu-Ho Chi Minh" in unison.Tom Hayden of the New Left explained to the officers that this latter sentence meant nothing but an international recitation by the students, starting in Germany.The officers ignored him.When it was curfew, officers charged through the park brandishing batons.On Monday night they charged again, but this time with more ferocity.Demonstrators who were driven out of the park ran off the road to the north.

On Tuesday, 70 priests and priests erected a ten-foot-tall cross.Demonstrators sang songs such as "We Will Conquer" and "Battle Hymn of the Republic".That night, three hundred policemen fired tear gas at them.The breathless youths threw stones and bottles, shouting, "Shoot me, pig!" "Kill me, pig!" Wednesday culminated.The leaders of the demonstration had announced that their procession would march from the bandstand in Grant Park to the amphitheater to show their solidarity against the war. "This is a nonviolent march," Delinger told an audience of 8,000 people. "If you find it difficult for you to respond nonviolently, please leave us." Many left.Still, one Chicago official declared: "No marches allowed today."

Nor did the parade take place.What emerged was what a commission of inquiry would later describe as an "incident of police rioting".The police yelled through the bullhorn: "This is the final warning. Leave now." The crowd did leave, and they retreated to Grant Park across Michigan Avenue across from the Conrad Hilton Hotel. A narrow strip of land.As they retreated, they meowed like pigs, shouted "Happy Victory" in the German fascist accent, and taunted the police by chanting other rude words.At the intersection of Michigan Avenue and Balboa Avenue, a double line of police officers was waiting for them.The scene was brightly lit with television lights from the truck and from the eaves of the Conrad Hilton Hotel, the headquarters of the three candidates.The crowd huddled together, then backed up and forward, teasing the police and asking them if they dared to do something, at which point the police formed two wedges and swooped at them with batons, dragging individual demonstrators away. To the prison car waiting on the side.Hundreds of girls screamed through the crowd.This intentional hurtful behavior lasted frantically for 18 minutes.Really, it's all just a battle between the upper and lower middle classes.One reporter said, "Those people on the street are our children, and the police are attacking them." But, of course, the police have parents.

In addition to these major clashes, skirmishes have continued throughout the week between police and demonstrators, as well as between police and non-protesters.On Monday night alone, 21 journalists were injured.At various times, bystanders, priests, and at least one cripple were all clubbed. Playboy publisher Hugh Hefner was beaten, and Mrs Anne Kerr, a member of the British Labor Party, was gassed outside the Conrad Hilton Hotel and thrown in a cell.Travelers in the hotel porch were also beaten and arrested.Tear gas was sucked into the hotel's air-conditioning ducts and blown into room 2525A, where Hubert Humphrey was watching his nomination on television.On Friday, police said objects were thrown from upstairs windows, including sardines, herring, beer cans, ashtrays, cocktail glasses and ice cubes.They think—but don't know—that it was thrown from suites 1505A and 1506A on the corner of the 15th floor (McCarthy's command post).Without any orders or arrest warrants, they burst into the hotel, boarded the elevator, and beat up the people who were in that suite.

The demonstrators proposed to live on the grass and canyons of Lincoln Park. If Mayor Daly agreed, then the bloodshed in Chicago might be avoided.That way, the police only need to guard around the park, and when the demonstrators get tired of it, they leave by themselves and it's over.But in fact, by imposing a curfew, the mayor created the inevitable confrontation and made it happen under the most unthinkable circumstances. "The whole world is watching!" the youths had shouted in unison at the intersection of Michigan Avenue and Balboa Avenue.Not the whole world, but most of the country (estimated 89 million people), including a triumphant Richard Nixon in Key Biscayne, were watching.

"The Democracy is over," Whiteshew wrote in his notebook at 8:55 p.m. supporters were greatly disappointed.The main difficulty he encountered was that the Democrats were alienated, their hearts had returned to McCarthy, and now he was wearing a white campaign badge with no words; the other was that he had no money, the organization was ineffective, and he could not break away from it. Lyndon Johnson's snare.Johnson didn't help him either, and treated him with contempt, as if he were worthless.Johnson was asked what he thought of Humphrey, and he said casually: "He yells too much."

During those early autumn weeks, Humphrey had something to shout about.Without adequate preparation, he toured New Jersey, Delaware, Michigan, Louisiana, Texas, Pennsylvania, Colorado, and California, speaking sometimes as many as nine times a day.While that showed his energy, it also reflected a lack of judgment among his staff.He was poorly prepared by the advance staff, with a small audience and a half-hearted mood.In Philadelphia, a local teenager who accompanied Humphrey, Joe Bishop, was more popular than Humphrey.There were hecklers at nearly every stop, and in Boston, a group of anti-war people threw Humphrey and Edward Kennedy from the pulpit.One of Humphrey's staff said he "took an albatross to Chicago with him, the albatross, a sea-fowl which, according to American superstition, was ill-injured.—Translator," referring to Lyndon Johnson; "and I took two with me when I left there," referring to Daly in addition to Johnson.

His resources were all but exhausted.His eloquence, sometimes brilliant, is now full of clichés.At one point, he went so far as to say, "Government of the people, by the people, and for the people is as American as apple pie." Johnson seemed to be trying to demolish him. In September, Humphrey said that the U.S. military could start withdrawing at the end of the year, but the President said that "no one can predict" when the withdrawal will begin.Not counting Wallace's votes, according to the Gallup poll in August, Nixon led by 16 points, and Harris' test gave Nixon a 40-31 lead.Even Humphrey himself was discouraged by this time."I've chased unattainable dreams in the past, and maybe I'm doing it again now," he said.

Nixon's campaign was a different story entirely.He had plenty of money and was in a very optimistic mood.His schedule worked well with the network's news deadlines, even giving them plenty of time to develop the film.He sidestepped the debate challenge, while Republican senators blocked passage of a measure to use public television for debates without Wallace.Nixon appealed to the "forgotten Americans" who paid their taxes, stayed out of trouble, kept up the law, attended church regularly, and raised their children to be "good Americans" who could wear their country's uniform with pride, Serve as "guardians on the walls of freedom around the world".

Joe McGinnis, in "The President's Cry of 1968," describes the advertising techniques used by Nixon's staff.One writer remarked that, for Nixon, politics was "the marketing of ... products to the masses according to discounts and market conditions—one thing today, another thing tomorrow."One of Nixon's aides, Frank Shekspier Jr., was thrilled to see Russia crushing Czechoslovakia. "What a stroke of luck!" McGinnis quoted him as saying. "This Czech affair is the best! It puts those who advocate the moderate line in a hell of a situation!" Nixon said he had a plan to end the war, but he could not announce it now because it might hinder the peace talks in Paris.He promised to restore law and order by appointing a new attorney general, while attacking the Supreme Court, saying it was "blatantly criminal" to release defendants based on legal details.He was in favor of ratifying the Non-Proliferation Treaty, but not now because the Soviets shouldn't treat the Czechs that way.Business would improve, he said, because he would reduce taxes and other incentives for entrepreneurs, which would provide more jobs and reduce the number of people on handouts.America, he said, is great "not because of what the government does for the people, but because of what the people do for themselves."

In October, Humphrey's campaign began to take a turn for the better. He cast Chicago aside, he forgot, and so did his listeners.He dismissed those who mocked him as "fucking fools" and called Emmett Kelly, the clown, "Nixon's economic adviser" and accused Nixon of dodging questions.He supports the Supreme Court and the Non-Proliferation Treaty.He reminded his union audience not to forget what successive Democratic administrations have done for them.Nixon was "Richard the Coward"; Wallace and his running mate, General Curtis LeMay, were "a pair of guns."Humphrey created a technique in his speech, which is to list the names of the winners of the Democratic presidential election one by one: Roosevelt, Truman, Stevenson, Kennedy, and when the audience's applause just started to warm up, he stuffed it into the forest by the way. Den Johnson's name.Meanwhile, his running mate stormed Agnew.Muskie would start by saying, "Mr. Agnew says we lack a sense of humor," before adding wryly, "I think he's trying to get it back." Salt Lake City is a key location.Here Humphrey announced that he was going to stop the bombing in Vietnam as an "acceptable risk for peace"; and the situation began to change.Humphrey had cut Nixon's lead in half, according to an October 21 Gallup poll.This is due to the fading memory of events in Chicago, but also because people have been used to voting Democrat for 30 years.In June of that year, Gallup found that 46 percent of people identified themselves as Democrats, 27 percent as independents and 27 percent as Republicans. (The proportions in 1940 were 42%, 20%, and 38%; in 1950, 45%, 22%, and 33%.) Liberals who were nostalgic for Robert Kennedy and McCarthy suddenly realized that it was in fact Humphrey and 20 years ago that they Choose between seeing Nixon as a monster.McCarthy himself, who had been unhappy at Riviera, announced five days before the election that he supported the Democratic slate.Last but not least, the two candidates were very different in demeanor: Humphrey was at his best; Nixon was starting to sound like Thomas Dewey. On the afternoon before the election, a Gallup poll showed Nixon at 42%, Humphrey at 40%, Wallace at 14%, and the remaining 4% undecided. Since September, with Wallace gradually losing ground, Humphrey has gained 12 percent, while Nixon has gained only 1 percent.On that same Monday, the Harris Poll had Humphrey leading with 43 percent, Nixon at 40 percent, Wallace at 14 percent, and the remaining 4 percent undecided. Tuesday night was really tense.Nixon asked voters to "empower management."Instead he got a surge in the votes for Humphrey, which many analysts thought would have won if the race had lasted another day or two, Democrats thought woefully of the week of Lyndon Johnson's birthday, It could have been an extra day or two.The lead changed hands several times, as the numbers flashed on the network's electronic scoreboard.At times it appeared, as the Associated Press put it, that the two leaders were "fighting on a state-by-state basis."Just after midnight, Humphrey led by 33,000 votes.At dawn, it looked like Humphrey might not win the Electoral College, but a majority of the popular vote would be possible, so he could obviously thwart Nixon's majority in the electoral college and move the election to a Democratic majority House of Representatives to proceed. The results of the electoral vote were 301 for Nixon, 191 for Humphrey, and 45 for Wallace.As a result of voters, Nixon received 31770222 votes (43.4%), Humphrey 31267744 (42.7%), and Wallace 9897141 (13.5%).The difference between Nixon and Humphrey was less than 0.7 percent.And, Democrats still control Congress.In this way, Nixon will become the first president in 120 years to have both houses of Capitol Hill controlled by the opposition party at the beginning of his administration. While campaigning in Ohio, Nixon saw a 13-year-old schoolgirl holding up a placard that read, "Let's unite."That moment of victory, he said, was "the one that moved me the most".Did he really think so? With a man as elusive as he was, no one could be sure.The new Attorney General John Mitchell, who had not yet taken office, told 30 southern black leaders: "Don't listen to what we say, but watch what we do!" James Reston later described it in the course of the Watergate scandal Nixon's: "There is hardly a noble principle of the United States Constitution that he has not defended in theory and violated in practice." However, during the period after he was elected and not yet in office, his popularity was very high.Most Americans want to trust him, want to convince themselves that he knows how to get out of the quagmire of the 1960s and get to the high ground.He had promised to withdraw troops from Vietnam. With 24,291 Americans killed in action since 1961, it is a great relief to know that the deaths will soon stop.The country needs a breather and partisan politics can now be put on hold. From his 39th-floor window at the Pierre Hotel in Manhattan, the president-elect could see America gleaming in the distance across the tree-filled plains of Central Park.Not since emerging from the depths of the Great Depression has America been more divided.Some people's slogan is "love it or leave" and others' slogan is "change or lose it". There is a gap between these two kinds of people that cannot be bridged at present; The foundations of the war can only wait until the outstanding problems are resolved, the first of which is the question of war.On social issues, even liberal commentators like Eric Sevarade find themselves involuntarily swerving to the right.He was horrified by the long list of crimes the Black Panthers had been convicted of.He shook his head and sighed as he watched on television the Baltimore girl with seven illegitimate children swearing furiously at society for getting her nowhere.Seeing black women hurrying home before sunset, he couldn't help saying, "I don't really believe 'law and order' is a legal code except for a few people. The problem is that Survival itself." To the awakened young idealists on the left side of the divide, there seemed to be nothing sacred in the world, not the American flag, not God, motherhood, knowledge, honor, humility, chastity, honesty.It is said that in 1968, insurance statisticians found that the most indebted people in society were young college students who owed tuition loans.Once, a dean of a college wrote a letter to a debtor who had just graduated, and the reply was a photo of the alumnus staying naked in a cave.One can almost believe that for some middle-class youth the Boy Scout oath their parents used to recite has been turned upside down, and that what they now strive to be unreliable, disloyal, unhelpful, hostile, Impolite, ungenerous, disobedient, uncivil, uneconomical, cowardly, mean, and arrogant. The campuses of certain institutions of higher learning with a long history often become unpleasant and even dangerous places.Wesleyan, Connecticut, used to be a small, prestigious college that had to be floodlit all night. It was not safe to walk across the campus at night, and mugging was rampant.Colleges are faced with new disciplinary questions about what to do with undergraduates who rely on drug trafficking to addicted classmates to stay in college.Crimes have become commonplace in some special places.There was a respectable doctor in New England who told his dinner guests that he and his wife had been shoplifting since they were children, and still were doing it, and that the centerpiece of the table was, in fact, Just got it three days ago.One assistant dean of the college recounted how he told a student who had just enlisted in the tank unit the best way to sabotage a tank. The July 1967 issue of "New York Review of Books" published a large drawing on the front page, teaching readers how to make a Molotov cocktail: use a rag soaked in gasoline as the stopper, a length of clothesline as the fuse, and the fuel as the fuel. Just mix 2/3 gasoline with 1/3 soap powder and dust. Richard Nixon was elected president in response to all of this, and a healthy one at that.The country no longer needs ideologues. What it needs is a truly conservative government, another Eisenhower era.This government will resist the temptation to cut taxes, try to balance the budget as much as possible, keep the dollar stable, and stop inflation.Hostilities in Indochina are to be brought to an end as soon as possible, and all foreign policy will be evaluated solely in the interests of the United States.At home, the role of the federal government would be clearly limited, the prerogatives of Congress restored, and the interconnections between generations, races, rich and poor, regions, and religions will be strengthened. The exhaustion of America in 1968 was most evident in the Negro boroughs, though the year was far calmer than anyone had predicted.Lyndon Johnson said in the spring: "We're going to have a bad summer, and we're going to have several bad summers before we iron out the defects." Nixon predicted "wars in the streets."The Justice Department has become so sophisticated at dealing with riots in downtown areas that it has developed criteria for what constitutes a major riot.That is, there must be violent actions, the number of participants must be more than 300, and it must last for at least 12 hours or longer. There must also be shooting, robbery, arson, and destruction of public property (150 participants, A duration of three hours can only be called "severe disruption").The Army had trained seven special forces units totaling 15,000 men to deal with civil unrest, and black leaders predicted they would be available by spring, as an unprecedented outbreak loomed. These leaders certainly put on a show.They gave courses on guerrilla warfare and house-to-house warfare.The Congress for Racial Equality joined the Collegiate Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Martin Luther King Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference in a leftward-turning militant stance advocating for enforced racial segregation.Eldridge Cleaver's The Man on Ice, a 1968 bestseller, described Cleaver as "a professional revolutionary in the American struggle for black liberation."James Baldwin called America the "Fourth Reich," and Malcolm X's followers marked the third anniversary of his death with an unrestrained attitude that was far from what he advocated.Even prominent black people have taken a hard line.Black sprinters Tommy Smith and John Carlos bowed their heads and raised black-gloved fists as the American national anthem was played to celebrate their victory at the Mexico City Olympics confrontation, and greatly diminish the glory of American victory.When things happened in Cleveland in July, the common reaction was "here we go again."A towing vehicle dispatched for a traffic accident came under sniper fire.The police officers who were called to the scene became the target of the gunmen.In less than 30 minutes, 3 police officers and 4 blacks were killed, and 8 police officers were injured.The National Guard was called out, resulting in an estimated $1.5 million in damage from looting and arson.In the back alleys of other ghettos, the police were doubly vigilant against what appeared to be unavoidable disturbances. Riots didn't happen.Actual riots were less than half of what had been expected, with no other major city showing the kind of devastation seen over the past three years.The Associated Press reported: "As far as race fighting goes, this has been the deadliest summer in five years." Only 19 people died, astonishing by pre-Vaz standards, but compared with 87 deaths the previous year It's nothing.One reason for this is that the instigating rioters are no longer on the streets.Some of them were imprisoned, and some fled to other places.Rapp Brown was locked up.Cleaver disappeared in late November when his parole was revoked.Huey Newton was tried in Oakland for killing a policeman, and a black-led jury found him guilty. "If Huey doesn't come back, it's hell!" shouted Huey's blackshirts, threatening terror against all white people, but when he was sentenced to 2 to 15 years in prison for homicide, he was arrested. When it was sent away, nothing happened. So another reason for this relative calm was that the blacks saw that it was they who were the main victims of the riots.Their stores were looted, their cars destroyed, their homes burned and their children endangered.Said Shiawata Harris, a psychiatrist in Watts: "The stage of rioting where we burned stores in our district is over. The whole movement has shifted in the other direction, which is to use black power to seek Our dignity as a people.” By education, wages, and public office—that is, by every traditional sign of progress, as White Xiude puts it—Afro-Americans were already on the move.Visible changes can be seen from small spots.An example is the television screen.Desegregation has become a reality on television.Almost every serial drama series today has a black actor. The neurosurgeon in "Patton Place" is black, and the black "Julia" is one of the heroines. A new and more effective method of protest was advocated in Chicago by a black pastor, Jesse Jackson, who called on his congregation to boycott certain white merchants' products in order to force them to employ blacks.The United Atlantic-Pacific Tea Company employed 970 blacks, and the Jewell Tea Company employed 661.Jackson's so-called "Operation Bread Basket" also persuaded businessmen to open accounts with two black banks, increasing their deposits from $5 million to $22 million.Black people now have economic power.The Census Bureau later learned that black households saving more than $10,000 a year rose from 11 percent to 28 percent in the 1960s.They are finally starting to enter the middle class. Fifth film Nixon finally came to power (1969～1972) Tensions between Moscow and Beijing have escalated since Stalin's death 19 years ago.Last fall, Lin Biao, vice chairman of the Communist Party of China and the designated successor to Mao Zedong, attempted to escape to the Soviet Union in a military plane, and the plane fell down.This is when the tension comes to a head.Now, the Soviets suspect that the Chinese and Americans have no good intentions.Radio Moscow told Mao Zedong's national broadcast in Mandarin that there was nothing "more shameless and hypocritical" than the Shanghai Communiqué.Commentators in Moscow said that China was "engaging in a dangerous conspiracy with the ruling circles of the United States."