Chapter 33 keep planning - 1

Construction jobs suck, and if a project is half a year overdue, you're lucky.The flight did not leave on time.Because the flight cannot reach your destination on time, you have to wait, circle over the destination, and once you land, you find that your luggage has been sent to another airport.Because this is so often the case, frequent travelers purchase special suitcases that fit under their seats.Bus and train timetables are totally unreliable.Almost everyone is not sure when someone will come to him to collect the account that has been paid.Everything seemed out of the ordinary.Everything from water pipes to televisions to F-111 folded-wing jets is messed up.A New York woman was notified to pay for a transatlantic call she had never made. She picked up the microphone to protest, but heard the sound of a violin playing on the phone. It turned out that the wires of a record company and her home The strung.Writer Rex Reed tried to use a credit card, but was arrested on the grounds that Rex Reed was dead.According to Time magazine, one man fired into a vending machine, emptying the pistol of bullets.

Repairmen and salesmen are also bad, or worse.Liability for errors is difficult to determine, yet it is ubiquitous.People don't seem to care much about whether things are still going on.The disciplines that bind a society together are constantly weakening and, in some respects, non-existent.According to John Kenneth Galbraith, this is all about prosperity.Richard Nixon blamed all this on too much tolerance. Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber compared the protesting students to Vietnam's General Vo Nguyen Giap, arguing that they were all different reflections of the same phenomenon.War obviously has something to do with it.It is not a crime for young people from upper-class American backgrounds to evade the draft, have the support of their parents and often have a letter from a doctor who has lied about their health (it is not a crime for a doctor to do so).Conscription dodgers and deserters went to Toronto and Stockholm to build new lives and were sympathized by millions.Because the first four people who arrived in Sweden had fled the United States suddenly on the "Dreadnought" plane, everyone called them the "Dreadnought Four."Everyone there knows the meaning of this title clearly.One of these expatriates, a 19-year-old South Carolinian, once said: "We are divided into two groups. Those who believe that the United States will blow up the whole world, and those who believe that before this catastrophe occurs, the United States can saved."

War is only part of the reason.Not since the enactment of Prohibition laws have so many people found laws meaningless and started to defy them.Cannabis leaf is an example.Unlike other narcotics, it is not addictive; unlike tobacco, it is harmless to smokers; and unlike alcohol, it does not endanger society.Young people tend to think of marijuana smoking as a matter of social status. Youth from upper-class families are known to smoke marijuana. For a while in 1969, the police department specifically tried to "arrest" ("busting" again A new word) son of a famous family. The looters who took part in the summer riots were not arrested, you could see them looting freely on the TV news, and the police looked at them and did nothing about it.Black psychologist Kenneth Clark said: "It seems to me that a major decision has been made to trade goods and equipment for human life." , depends on who he is and where he committed the crime. In mid-May, Martin Luther King's successor, Ralph Abernathy, built a "Resurrection City" on the sacred site between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument according to King's original plan. A thousand poor people entered the place.Instead of arresting any of them, the government provided them with portable toilets, public telephone booths, power lines, shower facilities, and even an area code for delivering mail: 20013. In late June, the security chief of the temporary camp, Alvin Johnson resigned angrily. He said: "Rapes, robberies, homicides and other cases happen here every day, and we are completely powerless." The police station that maintains the capital's national parks remains indifferent.

A generation earlier, Calvin Coolidge had won national prestige and was eventually elected president by smashing the Boston police strike of 1919.He once said: "No one, when and where, has the right to strike in disregard of public security." In 1937, Franklin Roosevelt called strikes by public servants "inconceivable and intolerable."This principle has since been enshrined in the Taft-Hartley Act and, in some states, laws such as New York's Condon-Wadlin Act.Still, Michael Quayle led the transportation workers' union on January 1, 1966, in a strike that knocked out 165 miles of the city's underground railroad and 530 miles of bus lines, paralyzing downtown Manhattan.When he received a court order to bring strikers back to work, he tore up the order in front of television cameras.New York City finally had to accept mediation and compromise with him.

Among the 1968 detrimental strikes were the Memphis cleaners' strike.The strike was supported by Martin Luther King Jr. shortly before his death.In the same year, there was also a strike by garbage workers in New York. As a result, 100,000 tons of stinking garbage were scattered all over the streets. In the end, Governor Rockefeller had to give in and agreed to increase the salary of 425 yuan for garbage workers, which Mayor Lindsay had originally refused.Then New York police picketed the city hall, chanting "police power"! They casually called in "sick" leave with imaginary illnesses, and idly watched motorists park their cars at bus stops or other prohibited parking place.In order to bargain, the leader of the firefighters' union told the workers to stop doing routine tasks such as inspecting buildings and fire hydrants. In the fall of 1968, most of New York City's 58,000 teachers went on three separate strikes.Then there are the air traffic dispatchers, who, despite their uneasiness about the pile of planes overhead, are complicit in deliberately slowing down their descents.

By the end of the 1960s, this disregard for social service work reached its peak.More than 200,000 of the country's 750,000 postmen decided to stop delivering mail because their annual wages started at 6176 yuan and reached 8442 yuan after 21 years.Despite the advice of their leaders that under federal law they would be fined $1,000, imprisoned for a year, lose their pensions, and be blacklisted from employment elsewhere in the government, they belong to the U.S. labor force. Some 6,700 people in the Hatton-Bronx local chapter of the CIO's National Federation of Postmen still voted to strike.Soon other mail carriers in greater New York City followed suit.The strike later spread to Akron, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, Denver, St. Paul and San Francisco, among others.

The strike was unprecedented in U.S. postal history, and it was devastating.The New York Post Office sends and receives about 25 million letters and packages a day on weekdays, and the national average is 270 million.Many businesses have been forced to disrupt operations.New York banks could not receive an average of 300 million yuan in deposits per day, 400,000 relief recipients could not receive checks, and securities trading companies had to hire armored trucks to shuttle securities back and forth on Wall Street.By the sixth day, the National Guard came out to handle New York's mail, and by the eighth day, the postmen resumed delivery work on their designated routes.The postmen, like other striking civil servants, benefited from the illegal strike.Congress decided to give them an 8 percent pay increase, back from the previous month, and created an independent United States Postal Service whose role, among other things, was to further care for the woes of the mail carriers.

The selection of a new chief justice of the Supreme Court was also one of many blunders in 1968.Earl Warren is still full of energy, but decided to retire because of his age.By March 19, he was 77. On the morning of June 19, he called President Johnson to explain his decision.This is a historic moment.Never before has a Supreme Court played a greater role in determining the direction of the times.Under Warren, the Supreme Court has cited the desegregation of schools, the practice of school prayer, the rights of communists, pornography, the arrest and conviction of defendants, and the "one man, one vote" resolution redistributing legislative power. road.Warren has presided over 15 Supreme Court sessions.And now, Lyndon Johnson, who wants to exercise all the responsibilities of the president, also has the opportunity to choose a new chief justice.He appointed Judge Abbe Fortas as chief justice and selected Congressman Homer Thornberry of Texas to replace Fortas.

Both are longtime friends of the president.Fortas is so close to the president that he was installed on the Supreme Court only three years ago.Johnson being Johnson, after all, had to complicate the two new appointments.He has to wait for the Senate to confirm his nomination of Fortas before accepting Warren's resignation; so Thornberry can take over for Fortas once he is firmly in office.But Republicans who believe they will hold the White House in November are stubborn.They called Fortas and Thornberry the nominations of "lost officials" and deliberately mocked Fortas as an "old friend" of the president.

Michigan Senator Robert Griffin is the leader of 17 dissenting Republicans.At first, it seemed like they couldn't make it.Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen of Illinois called the talk of "cronyism" and "unelected officials" "frivolous talk." He said: "You will never find an enemy and install him in the Supreme Court." He also talked about Lincoln, Truman, Kennedy and other presidents, all of whom have appointed their friends.Rebuffing Griffin, Dirksen said, "It's time for us to be a little more careful with the language we use." That's when the Senate Judiciary Committee decided to hold a hearing (for the chief justice nomination. There has never been a hearing meeting before), and Fortas seems to be holding it firmly.The first witness, Attorney General Ramsey Clark, pointed out that there is a lot of precedent for the president to keep Warren on until Fortas' appointment is confirmed, and there are many lower federal judges. Appointed while their predecessors were still working.

The problem now lies with Fortas himself.He was severely questioned for four days, which was really unpleasant.Under the constitution, he is in witness status and cannot discuss decisions about individuals without flagrantly violating the principle of separation of powers.Opposition senators, however, spent most of their time reading out the liberal decisions Fortas had been a part of.They then also raised a number of questions regarding certain aspects of his conduct as a judge.It was also a matter of separation of powers, but he was stung in that regard, as a member of the Supreme Court, he should not have interfered with the work of the executive branch, which he did not.He admitted to attending White House meetings on the war and ghetto riots and calling Columbus department store magnate Ralph Lazarus to berate him for speaking about the Vietnam War damaging to the economy.Fortas argued that there is plenty of precedent for the judge's advice to the president, but as is usually the case with Johnson, there is a nasty feeling that something shady is going on. with.Now it only takes one more straw to break the camel's back, and there it is.The committee has learned that Fortas had been paid $15,000 for a series of summer school lectures by businessmen who expected they would face the Supreme Court in certain cases. The Judiciary Committee voted 17 to 6 to approve the appointment, but Republican and Southern senators began to block the process.It takes two-thirds of the Senate to vote to end the filibuster, at which point Dirksen is no longer helping Fortas.He has declined to support an end to the filibuster, and even said he might not necessarily vote for the appointment yet, angered by a Supreme Court ruling that overturned the death penalty for killing police criminals in Chicago.Regarding the result of the vote to end the debate, there were 45 votes in favor and 43 votes against, far less than the required 2/3 votes.Fortas asked Johnson to withdraw his nomination.The president agreed "with great regret" and said he had no plans to nominate at all.Then in May, Life magazine revealed that Fortas had also received a $20,000 fee from the family foundation of Louis Wolfson, who had been brought before the Supreme Court for stock manipulation.Although Fortas later returned the money, Washington was appalled; seeing other revelations would come, he resigned.Fortas and Goldberg are gone, a Republican is in the White House, and it's clear that the future Supreme Court will be less enlightened. Americans have their own way of beautifying and worshiping heroes, first exalting them too high, and then kicking them away. In the fall of 1968, it was the turn of a heroine: Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy.She really wanted neither the reverence of the past nor the contempt of the present, all she wanted was undisturbed solitude.She is a beautiful and lovely woman.A presidential widow with those gifts, plus showmanship, was what the country needed on that terrible weekend in American history.Eleanor Roosevelt was a greater first lady, but she couldn't do it.Jackie Kennedy enshrined national grief more than any woman did.But then she needed a quiet life, which seemed impossible as long as she was a widow.In Washington, tourist cars pulled up outside her house from time to time; after moving to New York, car drivers knew her and honk when they saw her. To avoid gossip, she only goes out with well-known men who are happily married.Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Robert McNamara, and Leonard Bernstein often accompanied her.Lord Halleck, who had not yet been decorated during the Kennedy administration and had been Britain's ambassador to the United States under his real name David Ormsby-Gore, was a widower at this time.The press hinted that he might be Jackie's new husband.Movie magazines suggested an aging Greek ship magnate, and moviegoers laughed it off. On October 17, 1968, they stopped laughing.Jackie's mother announced that day: "My daughter, Mrs. John Kennedy, intends to marry Mr. Aristotle Onassis"—the aging ship magnate.Onassis, the son of a Smyrna tobacconist, amassed an estimated $500 million fortune that included 100 ships, Olympic Air, several companies, a 325-foot yacht, the Christina , and the Greek island of Skopios.Those who believed the news (who didn't think the bride's mother had gone crazy or that what she announced was actually a ridiculous joke) were buzzing about what to give the couple.The New York Stock Exchange, the Taj Mahal, the Queen Elizabeth II and the De Beers diamond mine are among the proposals. "Jackie, how can you do this?" asked the headline in the Stockholm Express.Onassis was two inches shorter than her, 23 or 29 years older (depending on which of his two birthdays you generally believed), and could have been her father.The man was divorced, which meant that Jackie could not count on the blessing of the church.Worse still, the groom had a complete lack of the social sense of good and evil that was at the heart of Kennedy's beliefs.He once said that his idea of ​​the perfect family was to live in a country with no taxes.He does owe taxes in several different types of countries, including the United States. "She would rather abandon her sweetheart for an ugly rich man," commented a Kennedy appointee.Bob Hope said, "Nixon had a Greek running mate, so everyone wanted one." People generally say she wouldn't have done it had Bob been alive. The wedding took place on October 20 in a small church called the Little Virgin on the island of Scorpios.The tulip flowers were flown from the Netherlands by the tycoon's private jet.The bride wears genuine French Valencian embroidery.Her two children serve as companions.The groom's children are witnesses.The Greek Orthodox wedding ceremony lasted 45 minutes, after which the couple took communion from a chalice and wore a garland of lemon blossoms, a symbol of fertility and purity.After kissing the New Testament, they performed a ritual dance around the altar.Subsequently, a banquet was held on the white yacht.The Greek navy and Onassis' own patrol boats guarded the island, preventing journalists from coming ashore.The groom gifted the bride a ring with a large ruby ​​surrounded by some large diamonds and matching earrings worth $1.2 million. This is just the beginning.According to veteran reporter Fred Sparks, the couple spent about $20 million in their first year together, and their weekly expenses have since remained around $384,000.The jewelry that Onassis gave to the bride alone was worth five million dollars.Because he earns about 50 million yuan a year, so he didn't touch his capital.As for avoiding the press, it was not so easy.At that time, Mrs. Kennedy had agreed to hold a press conference on the eve of the wedding. At the reception, she said: "We hope that the wedding will be held quietly in the small church among the cypress trees on Scorpios Island, and only the family members will be present." People and children. Everyone knows that even famous people have the same emotions as ordinary people in the most important moments of life, such as birth, marriage and death." Still, reporters quietly followed them.They are news and must be reported.Photojournalism was even worse, as an Italian photographer managed to use a telescopic lens to take a nude portrait of her sunbathing.But her biggest blow came not from the secular press, but from the Vatican's weekly Sunday Observer.The magazine called her a "social sinner" and reported that she would be banned from church services.In Boston, Cardinal Cushing dissented, saying "only God knows" who was guilty and who was not, pleading for "love, mutual admiration and respect."Church jurists at the Vatican, however, stood their ground.They ruled that it was blasphemy in the sight of God for the wife of America's first Catholic president to have slept with Onassis. Richard Nixon's second presidential campaign began in February in Nashua, New Hampshire, when he stayed at the Howard Johnson Motel under the pseudonym Benjavon Chapman.Shortly thereafter, his picture was back on the front pages of newspapers, under his pseudonym, and he was the frontrunner in the Republican race when he won 79 percent of the vote in the New Hampshire primary.Since then, he has won successive campaigns.George Romney said he himself was "hardly persuaded" to support the Vietnam War and was thus defeated long ago.Nelson Rockefeller withdrew from the race and returned after Johnson announced he would not run, but his back-and-forth offended Maryland Governor Sporro Agnew, who had earlier supported him. Agnew was unknown outside his home state until Nixon selected him to run with him.By his own admission, his name was "not a household name".Hours after his name was mentioned at the convention, a reporter stopped passers-by in downtown Atlanta and told them, "I'm going to say two words to you, and please tell me what they mean. Those two words are Spiro Agnew." An Atlantan answered, "That's the name of a disease." Another said, "What kind of egg is that." A third answered: On a whim: "He's the Greek who owns that shipyard." Time magazine called Agnew's testimonial "unconvincing," but Nixon was impressed.Nixon needed a resigned running mate to do what he had done for Eisenhower.Agnew's opponent in the race turned out not to be the Democratic nominee for Vice President Edmund Muskie (Senator from Maine), but a third-party candidate, Alabama Gov. George Wallace, It is therefore difficult to estimate his impact on voters.Agnew denounced "fake intellectuals who don't know what we mean by hard work and patriotism"; Intellectuals".If the police "can run the country for about two years, they can sort it out," Wallace said.Meanwhile, Agnew was lecturing in Detroit: "If you've seen one black ghetto, you've seen them all." Agnew called a Japanese-American reporter a "dumb Jap" and a Polish It's called "Poland."His attitude was so offensive that one demonstrator welcomed him with a placard that read: "Apologize now, Spiro, and save yourself trouble later." Some demonstrators welcomed Wallace with signs Yes: "If you loved Hitler, you loved Wallace, who was Rosemary's baby." One of the reasons the losers were so prominent in the first weeks of the campaign was the sombre mood at the Republican convention that preceded it.The Associated Press commented: "Richard Nixon triumphed in a tedious ceremony in Miami Beach." White Xiude wrote: "A thick sense of boredom hangs over the entire convention." The chorus sang, the band playing.John Wayne read "Why I'm Proud to Be an American" aloud with gusto.Other celebrities who supported Nixon, Art Linklater, Coney Francis, Pat Boone, Lawrence Welmer, etc., were similarly depressed.There seems to be no end to the dry speeches of those politicians.The only meaningful things happened outside the meeting.Senator Edward Brooke was reportedly prevented from attending a reception because he was black.Negroes in Miami rioted, and the television broadcaster said that 70 police officers with machine guns entered the scene of the riot, and it was later reported that four black men were killed.Nixon scribbled on yellow Post-it notes a speech he would soon make nationally famous, calling for a return to America's old "dream-inspired drive." According to the Associated Press, the security precautions Republicans took were "the tightest in living memory" of those who attended the convention.The second Kennedy assassination terrified the Secret Service, which Johnson had directed at the time to be responsible for the security of all key candidates.Some secret agents flew in helicopters over the city where the Congress is located.Others watched the crowd from rooftops with rifles and binoculars.A riot squad of 30 is on standby. Every time 1333 delegates entered the venue, their paper bags and wallets were checked.Some Democrats think that's gone too far.Two weeks later, their own convention was held in Chicago. The violence that followed in Chicago was not inevitable, but the elements that made it there did exist.The Commission to End the Vietnam War came to taunt the Chicago Police, the sprawling organization under David Dellinger that coordinated the activities of more than eighty peace groups.The first three letters of the original Yippie are the initial letters of the Youth International Party (Youth International Party), and the following pie is the latter part of the word Hippies (hippies).The Yippies are a loose organization of some American teenagers that started in 1968. It can also be said to be hippies with more radical views. —Translators, Peace Sentinels, McCarthy's staff, disillusioned liberals, all sorts of people, who themselves predict a total of 100,000, will hold a demonstration outside the International Amphitheater, the site of the Congress .Mayor Richard Daly took it seriously.He turned the whole of Chicago into a barracks.The sewer entrances around the amphitheater are sealed with asphalt.A seven-foot-tall movable iron fence topped with barbed wire was erected around the venue.The city's 11,500 police officers were on duty in two shifts of 12 hours each. 5,500 National Guard soldiers were ready to go, and 7,500 U.S. Army troops were airlifted from Fort Hood, Texas, in accordance with the White House order.Preliminary estimates and preparations were excessive, and as a result, only about 10,000 to 12,000 demonstrators came to confront them. At the convention (and all for that), Humphrey was nominated on the first ballot: McCarthy and South Dakota's George McGovern were far behind him.The only real debate is over how to deal with peace in the party's platform.Of the two, the hawkish platform representing the views of the government outperformed the dovish one by 15643/4 to 10411/4.From these figures, it is not difficult to see the profound differences of opinion in the party on the war issue.Four years ago, Linden was nominated to much cheers and won in a landslide.The Chicago convention had been scheduled for the week of his 60th birthday (his birthday falls on a Tuesday), and now he can't even make it.The Secret Service told him that was too dangerous. "Stop the war!" shouted the young man in the top balcony. (The next day, in a ludicrous twist, city employees filled the seats, waving "We Love Daly" flags.) Still, the highlight of the week was the meeting hall for A reaction to what's happening outside.As the delegates watched downtown on television screens, Senator Abe Rybikoff, looking from his podium at the Illinois delegation 15 feet below him, chided, "On the streets of Chicago, there's What the Gestapo did." Daly and his assistants stood up together, shook their fists, and yelled at him (people watching TV could tell what they were cursing from the shape of their mouths), Libkov said calmly: " It's hard to admit the truth."