Chapter 44 (44) Sitting in the southeast

In the last episode, Mr. Yi Zhongtian mentioned that Sun Quan, who was underage, took over the Jiangdong foundation left by his father and brother, but Jiangdong, which was sandwiched between Cao Wei and Shu Han, was not strong at that time, and Cao Wei was eyeing Jiangdong covetously, and Shuhan was not serious about Jiangdong. With good intentions, Sun Quan also lacked a sense of security, so in 220 AD, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, and Sun Quan proclaimed himself a minister. Half a year later, Liu Bei proclaimed emperor, but Sun Quan remained unmoved.But eight years after Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan established his position, developed his strength, and finally ascended the throne in Jiangdong and proclaimed himself emperor. How did he achieve this step?What kind of person is he?Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University is a guest at the forum of hundreds of schools, and will give you a wonderful taste of "Sitting in the Southeast" of the Three Kingdoms.

In the last episode, we raised a question, why is Sun Quan worthy of being chosen by people like Zhou Yu and Lu Su?Our answer is: Sun Quan does have the qualities of a leader, and Sun Quan is indeed a person worth relying on. He was also a very remarkable figure in the Three Kingdoms period.Later, Xin Qiji described Sun Quan in his poems like this, young Wan Doujun, who has not stopped fighting in the southeast, whoever is the enemy of the world's heroes, Cao Liu, should have children like Sun Zhongmou.However, few people think that Sun Quan is actually not easy. We know that among the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, Sun Quan was the last to become emperor, and it took eight or nine years, and he gave up the opportunity to become emperor twice, so Sun Quan didn't want to ?It's not that he doesn't want to, can he?I'm afraid it's not impossible.

In October of the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and changed Yuan to Huangchu. In April of the second year, that is, half a year later, Liu Bei proclaimed emperor and changed Yuan to Zhangwu. At this time, Sun Quan can also follow. Anyway, the big man is gone. Well, Cao Pi has become the emperor too, and Liu Bei has become the emperor too. Then Ah Q knows it all. The monk can touch it, but I can't. Cao Pi deserves it, but I can't. Liu Bei deserves it, but I can't. what.Besides, at this time, the big man is already dead. If you are not the emperor, what are you?According to the ancient Chinese point of view, you are either a king or a minister. There is no third way, so if you don’t call yourself emperor, you can only call yourself a minister.So now there are two emperors, who do you call your ministers to?Sun Quan's choice was to become a minister to Cao Pi, that is, four months after Liu Bei became emperor, Sun Quan became a minister to Cao Pi, and three months later, Sun Quan accepted the title of Cao Pi and was named King of Wu. God's chance.

The second time was in the second year of Huangwu, that is, in April of the fourth year of Emperor Cao Pi, Wei Wendi and Huangchu. These officials from Soochow persuaded Sun Quan to come in, saying, my lord, we can be the emperor. Sun Quan said it was wrong. I still don't call myself emperor.This matter is originally a practice in ancient China, that is, these people want to be called the public, the king, and the emperor, and they have to give way. For example, when Cao Cao was the Duke of Wei, he really wanted to be the king. Yes, everyone said you should too, but he said I dare not, only the Duke of Zhou can be, how can I compare with Duke Zhou?I'm sorry, he has to give up three times.It was the same when Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, alas, I can't be this, he has to give way, and Zhuge Liang has to persuade him to come in.But Sun Quan is really inappropriate this time, why is he inappropriate?Does he want to have a statement? His statement is, oh, look, the Han Dynasty has become like this now, and has declined to this way. As a Hanchen, I can't do my best for the dynasty. Oh, how can I have the heart to be an emperor?Believe it, everyone, even ghosts don't believe it.So his officials thought he was putting on a show, and continued to persuade him. Sun Quan also knew that no one would believe his words, so he told the truth. He said that I would tell you the truth. He said that last time I was If I can be called emperor, why should I call myself a minister to Cao Pi?Let’s think about what the situation was like at that time. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in April, he came here with his army in June. I also heard that the north is willing to support us, and I also know that Wei Wendi Cao Pi has no good intentions. He said he supported me, but he actually threatened us, saying that if we don’t listen to him, he will fight together. He sent troops from the west, and Emperor Wei Wen sent troops from the north, the widow couldn't bear it, so the widow had no choice but to swallow his anger, and called him a minister to Wei Wendi, but everyone, look at me now, don't I have turned against him .Half of this statement is true, but he can only explain why he did not become emperor last time, and he cannot explain why he did not become emperor next time, so let's take a look at the timetable. I have listed a timetable here. Let's take a look at this timetable , you know what's going on with Sun Quan.In October of the first year of Huangchu, Cao Pi became emperor, in April of the second year of Huangchu, Liu Bei became emperor, in July of the same year, Liu Bei defeated Wu, and in August, Sun Quan became a minister of Cao Wei.It was very clear that he was afraid that Liu Bei would hit him, so he asked for help.Then in the second year, in June of the third year of Huangchu, Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei in Yiling, and the defeat of Liu Bei was reversed?After being turned over, Sun Quan's attitude towards Cao Pi was not so respectful. If he was disrespectful, Cao Pi lost his temper. In September, he sent three armies to attack Wu.So, in November, Sun Quan changed his Yuan to Huangwu and guarded Linjiang, which meant he had a falling out with Cao Pi. Then in April of the fourth year of Huangchu, Liu Bei died of illness.On Cao Wei's side, our faces were turned, but on Liu Bei's side, he was defeated and died anyway, then you can be the emperor, why not you?The reason is simple. In the past, he only quarreled with Liu Bei, not Cao Wei, and he didn't dare to proclaim himself emperor. Now that both of them have quarreled, would he still dare?He was even more afraid, and he was even more insecure.In fact, Sun Quan had no sense of security for the first half of his life. This is the biggest problem of his regime, no sense of security.Before Sun Quan accepted the title of King Cao Pi, he gave an order to the ministers. This order is worth noting. In this order, Sun Quan said eight words, never forget death, and be safe.In the current words, it means to be prepared for danger in times of peace. He repeatedly reminded his generals that it is said that you are not allowed to go out without swords or entourage.

Sandwiched between Cao Wei and Shu Han, Sun Quan always felt that he was very dangerous, because the three pillars of Wei, Shu and Wu all wanted to dominate the world. To put it bluntly, everyone wanted to eat each other. It will definitely offend Cao Wei and Shu Han, but there is no way to do it, and you can only offend him, but Sun Quan is afraid that Wei and Shu will unite to beat him, then Jiangdong will not be able to resist, so he dare not offend Wei too much In the two states of Shu, in this conflicting state of mind, what method did Sun Quan adopt? He was caught between Cao Wei and Shu Han, he always felt that he was in danger, but he had to turn his back on these two, so what should he do?His method is to turn his face again, but he doesn't turn his face to the end. He blends the two sides again. You go and see, after Sun Quan and Cao Pi fell out, what is the name of the year he changed to Yuanchang? Huang Wu, Huang What is Wu?It's Cao Pi's Huang Chu plus Liu Bei's Zhang Wu. They take one character each from the year names of Cao Wei and Shu Han, and they are called Huang Wu together. Is it fun? This, from this, we know what Sun Quan's path looks like.Mr. Jian Bozan had a comment on Cao Cao, which can be called a witty remark. What would Mr. Jian say?Mr. Jian said that Cao Cao is a person who wears the imperial robe as a shirt. He is obviously the emperor, but he does not wear the imperial robe outside. Put on.So according to what Mr. Jian said, I can also talk about Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Who is Liu Bei?Liu Bei is a person who wears shirts as imperial robes. He didn’t have an imperial robe, he only had a shirt. He saw Cao Pi take off the outer robe, revealing the imperial robe, and then he said, look, this is my imperial robe. Robe, proclaim the emperor directly.So who is Sun Quan?Sun Quan is also a person who wears shirts as imperial robes. He does not have imperial robes, and he only has one shirt, but he also makes this shirt into imperial robes, but wears it in reverse. That kind of people.So Chen Shou said that he has Goujian's wonder, even if this person is very similar to Goujian, this is also correct.Then let's take a look at how Sun Quan wears the imperial robe upside down and how he looks like Goujian.

Sun Quan is like Goujian. I think it can be summed up in four sentences. First, be calm.In the Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Fu Xuan who once commented on Sun Ce and Sun Quan brothers. What did he say about the characteristics of Sun Ce?Mingguo is decisive and bravely conquers the world.Dare to do something, not afraid of anything.What are the characteristics of Sun Quan?Take advantage of the gaps and keep the soldiers from moving rashly, that is, Sun Quan never used troops easily, he always found loopholes, or Cao Cao had loopholes, or Liu Bei took advantage of loopholes, so he would move him, so the battle was less defeated and Jiang Dongan.Basically, Sun Quan never loses a battle. If he can't win, he will fight a tie. The most typical case is the Battle of Chibi. The key to the Battle of Chibi is the alliance between Sun and Liu. If Sun and Liu do not form an alliance, Chibi is another result. Who contributed to the Sun-Liu alliance?People who read it generally say that Zhuge Liang made it happen, and people who read "Three Kingdoms" would say that Lu Su made it happen. In fact, it can be said now that the real decision-maker is Sun Quan.Because everyone thinks about it, Liu Bei was defeated in Dangyang and fled to Xiakou. He was already a frightened bird. Guan Yu had 10,000 people, Liu Qi had 10,000 people, and a total of 20,000 people could not resist Cao Cao's attack. At this time, Liu Bei There is only one way out, and that is to form an alliance with Sun Quan.But whether this alliance can be achieved is not up to Liu Bei to decide. If Liu Bei can make the decision, the alliance will be established at once, and others have the final say. He is a strong man, and you are a strong and weak alliance. Then who is to say on Sun Quan's side? Forget it, what Lu Su says doesn't count, what Zhou Yu says doesn't count, what Sun Quan says doesn't count.And when we look back now, Sun Quan had wanted to do this a long time ago, even before Lu Su, Zhou Yu, and Zhuge Liang persuaded him, Sun Quan actually had his own ideas.Let’s recall, Zhou Yu went to see Sun Quan at night, what did Sun Quan say?Sun Quan touched Zhou Yu's back and said, Gongjin, we have discussed this matter many times, Zibu (that is Zhang Zhao), I am very disappointed by Zibu's opinions, only Gongjin and this Zijing (That is, Lu Su), the opinions you two said are exactly the same as what Gu thought. Gongjin needs 50,000 elite soldiers, but he can't do it in a short while. Ships, weapons, equipment, and rations are all ready, and they can set off immediately.What do you mean, he has been prepared for a long time, he has wanted to fight this battle for a long time, but he just doesn't say anything, he pretends to have no idea, as if all the suggestions were put forward by others, and they all asked him to do so He didn't seem to have any ideas about what he did, but in fact he wasn't. Sun Quan was twenty-six years old at the time, and he sought advice everywhere.At the meeting first, Zhang Zhao said to surrender, but Sun Quan remained silent, and Lu Su said that he could not surrender. Well, yes, he didn’t count if Lu Su said it, but Zhuge Liang said it, it didn’t count if Zhuge Liang said it, and Zhou Yu said it. He heard it from others. In fact, he knew very well that such an important decision must be discussed first, because it is not something that can be handled by one person alone.Didn't they make this suggestion?Don't you agree?You do it.What is your suggestion? Didn't you advocate the alliance, did you advocate fighting Cao Cao?You go to the alliance, you go to fight.If Sun Quan expressed this attitude from the very beginning, everyone wondered what to do, everyone agreed verbally, but disagreed in their hearts, would he be able to work hard?So this is really called being a leader.Moreover, Sun Quan is not afraid of too many opinions. What does it matter if there are many opinions? If everyone expresses a stance, isn't everyone's political stand revealed?From now on, don't I know you people well?I'm not afraid of a long time, Sun Quan can hold his breath.

Just because he could hold his breath, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan proclaimed himself a minister, and Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, but Sun Quan was unmoved, because Sun Quan knew that with the strength of the Sun Group and his personal ability at that time, he could not dream of being an emperor. He needs to keep a low profile, develop his strength, and wait for the opportunity, but at that time, Wei, Shu and Wu were three-legged, Cao Wei was eyeing Jiangdong, and Shuhan also had bad intentions towards Jiangdong. Sun Quan could not build the title of emperor and try to make a name for the world just by being calm. .So besides being calm, what else did Sun Quan do?

Second, it changed face.You can go and see Sun Quan in the first half of his life. I don’t know how many times his face has changed. He and Liu Bei turned out to be allies and allies. He and Cao Cao had a falling out, but during the Battle of Chibi, they drew their swords, and I was at odds with the old thief, and later remarried.He joined Liu and attacked Liu, surrendered Cao and carried Cao back. Cao Cao came aggressively, and when he attacked, he resisted; after the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao's offensive dropped sharply, and he surrendered; , he went to attack; when Liu Bei defeated Yiling, he sent an envoy to sue for peace.He is really like those people in Gu Long's novels, always at an unexpected time, from an unexpected angle, making an unexpected move, making both Cao and Liu dizzy, not knowing what he is going to do, this is what?This is also political.Enemy and friend, enemy and friend, who is the enemy, Cao Wei is the enemy, who is the friend, and Liu Bei is the friend. The problem is that Cao Wei is an enemy who can't afford to offend, and Liu Bei is a friend who is often unreliable. What should we do at this time? ?I have to shuffle the cards.Anyway, looking at your two families, if one family grows up, I will unite with that family. Seeing that Cao Cao's side has grown up, Liu Bei can't hold it anymore. Hurry up and unite with Liu Bei. Later, Liu Bei won Jingzhou, and then won Yizhou, won Hanzhong, watching Liu Bei grow up, he united with Cao Cao, anyway, he won't let you the other two, this speed won't let you go too far, he is like a weight, or like a weight on a scale , according to the situation, he moved over and over.

Moreover, he can bend down.Because if you want to change your face, you can't have all the faces that are fierce, but you have to change into a smiling face. Sometimes, at this time, you have to bend down.Many people disagree with this matter, including his own people, including some comments from later generations. They all think that it is out of integrity for Sun Quan to surrender to Cao Pi at this time, and he should insist that I am a courtier of the great man, and I will never usurp it to you. Many people criticized Sun Quan in the same way when the traitor Cao of the Han Dynasty proclaimed his vassal. In fact, this is the word of a nerd.For example, some people say, "Taking righteousness without disgrace" is something that anyone can do. For example, Boyi Shuqi has so much backbone. How can the majestic king of a country be so spineless?I don’t understand politics. As an individual, you can learn from Boyi, Shuqi, and Lu Zhonglian. Your personal behavior doesn’t matter. You can learn from them, you can have backbone, and you can starve to death. We respect you.But as a leader, he can't think about problems in this way. He thinks about big things in the world and long-term interests. Even Zhuge Liang is like this.Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor, and Sun Quan sent people to Shuhan to say that the two emperors respected each other. What does this mean?That is, we recognize that your Shu Han emperor Liu Chan is the emperor, and you also recognize that our Sun Quan is the emperor. There are two emperors in one world. Of course, we don’t recognize Cao Wei, so we don’t recognize him. Two emperors in one world, okay?The ministers of the Shu Han said that how can it be done? There is no sun in the sky, and there are no two emperors in the world. There is only one emperor in this world, and it is us Liu Chan, and no one else can be the emperor.Zhuge Liang said let's admit it, Zhuge Liang said that we can't turn against Soochow, we need it, and Zhuge Liang said a very wonderful eight words, Zhuge Liang's eight words are "responsive power flexible, Hongsi Yuanyi." What is "right"?Judging the situation, what is "flexibility"?Adapting measures to current conditions, what is "Hongsi"?Foresight, what is "far benefit"?Consider the long-term interests of the people of the country, and don't brag about "taking righteousness without humiliation" for the sake of face for a moment, a place, and a moment. Zhuge Liang said not to be angry for ordinary people, so Zhuge Liang's words are at the bottom. I think those angry ordinary people are It's time to rest.

Through Mr. Yi Zhongtian's description, we outline several characteristics of Sun Quan: "can be calm", "become faceless", and "bend down".With these characteristics, we can understand why Sun Quan was able to fool Cao Pi. In the past, he could call Cao Pi a "Han thief", but now he can bend down and call him "Emperor". During Liu Bei's time, he went to attack Liu Bei again.Looking at it this way, Sun Quan seems to be a villain again, so does Sun Quan have principles and bottom lines? However, although politics requires compromise, there must still be a bottom line.Sun Quan actually kept the bottom line. For example, Cao Wei repeatedly asked him to send his son as a hostage, but he refused to do so. Moreover, he also publicly stated that my surrender to you is fake, which is very interesting.When he went to become a minister, he sent an envoy called Zhao Zi. After Zhao Zi went, Cao Pi asked him, what kind of person is your King Wu?Zhao Zi said that he is the master of wisdom, benevolence, wisdom and strategy.Cao Pi said, is it so good?Tell me, what do you say?Zhao Zi said that Nalusu was a common man. Lusu was originally a very ordinary person. He discovered Lusu, which was called "Cong"; he discovered Lu Meng, and promoted Lu Meng from this rank. "Ming"; he caught Yu Jin and sent him back without killing him. This is called "benevolence"; taking Jingzhou soldiers without bloodshed is called "wisdom". Cong, Ming, benevolence, and wisdom are explained word by word.In the end, the explanation of the two characters "Xionglue" is the best. Zhao Zi said that according to the tigers in the three states, it is the hero, and it is the strategy to bow down to your majesty.The words are very clear, our King Wu is a tiger in the world, now we have no choice but to fool you, old man, bow down a bit.What is it called?This is called being able to hold his head up, even if he can bend down, he can also hold his head up, even when he is bending down, his head is raised, that is, when he is showing humility, he does not bow like this, he is, hehe , holding his head up.That's why I say he is humble and never surrenders, he never surrenders when he bends his knees, he abandons his fame but never his reality, he does his art but not his body.It was the same Zhao Zi, and Wei Wendi Cao Pi chatted with him again. Wei Wendi, as we know, was a learned man, he was a poet, he was also a theorist, and he wrote such academic works as "Allusions", which was epoch-making. So while he was drunk, he asked Zhao Zi, do you, King Wu, also read some books and do some learning?Zhao Zi said, our King Wu likes to read books very much, but our King Wu is thinking about major affairs in the world, and he leads millions of soldiers, so when he reads, he grasps the essentials and doesn't pick out word by word. What kind of minor ailments, what do those nerds who search for chapters and excerpt sentences, we Wu Wang will not do.Then Cao Pi said, do you think I can defeat Wu?Are you attacking your country of Wu?Zhao Zi said that if His Majesty wants to attack, of course He has His Majesty's power, but if our country of Wu wants to defend, we also have the ability to defend.Then Cao Pi said, are you afraid of our Great Wei?What did Zhao Zi say, Tangchi, the capital city of Yangtze River and Hanshui, millions of soldiers are of one mind and one mind, why should we be afraid of you.Cao Pi thought, I can't ask this question, and finally asked him a question, Zhao Zi, how many people like you are there?Tell me.Zhao Zi said, oh, there are probably eighty or ninety people who are a hundred times smarter than Chen, and the number of cars like Chen is hard to count.Of course, if it's just like this, it's a fight for face, but because Sun Quan can hold his breath, lose face, bend down, and hold his head up, he finally succeeded.In 229 A.D., Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang. Wuchang is now Ezhou City in Hubei Province, not the Wuchang in Wuhan. He proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang and changed his name to Huanglong. Look at his year name. At that time, both Cao and Liu were both Huyou, when he was about to change his face, the family took a word and called it Huang Wu, and now it is called Huanglong.Then everyone will ask him why he dared to proclaim himself emperor at this time?It's very simple, Cao Pi is dead at this time, it's Cao Rui, Sun Quan doesn't think much of Cao Rui, Sun Quan has an evaluation, that is, no one can compare with Cao Cao, Cao Pi is far behind Cao Cao, Cao Rui is better than Cao Pi It's even further away, we don't need to be afraid of Cao Rui, Zhuge Liang is now in power on the Shu Han side, Zhuge Liang has always advocated the Wu-Shu alliance, he is very reliable and will not turn against us.Moreover, the process of internal Jiangdong transformation has been basically completed. At this time, Lu Xun is already the commander-in-chief of the upper reaches, Gu Yong is already the prime minister of the dynasty, and everything has been done. At this time, the imperial robe can be turned over. wear, and the world can be divided up.After Zhuge Liang sent Shu envoys to Wu State, Sun Quan discussed with them, saying that we should divide the territory of Cao Wei now, pre-divided, saying that our two families will pre-divide the world, how should we divide it?Yuzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, and Youzhou belong to our Soochow Wu, Yanzhou, Jizhou, Bingzhou, and Liangzhou belong to your Shu Han, and there is Sizhou among them, so what should we do?Half of our family was divided, and Cao Wei's territory was also divided. This is Sun Quan's Siduandongnan.

It is Sun Quan who is very clear about who he is. He knows that he must be a ruler of success first, and then a ruler of creation. He knows that under such conditions, he must first understand current affairs before he can become a hero. , He also knew that he had to pretend to be a grandson before he could be the overlord.So Sun Quan has the qualities of a leader, Sun Quan also has personal charm, but as a leader of a group, just having personal charm is not enough, Yuan Shao actually also has personal charm, otherwise how could Yuan Shao attract so many talents, but Yuan Shao The failure boils down to one reason. One of the reasons is that he doesn’t know how to employ people. One Tian Feng and one Jushou. Such a good talent can be passed off, killed, and demoted. Sun Quan can succeed only because he has leadership qualities. In addition to his personal charm, of course there is another reason, that is, he can employ people, so how can Sun Quan be able to employ people? How is Sun Quan's employment characteristics different from Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang?Please see the next episode - Love and Hate the Sea.