Chapter 2 The new preface to the hero and the age of heroes

The 16th and 7th centuries in the history of the world were not only the moment when the foundation of modern civilization was laid, but also the moment when wars started, old and new forces ebbed and flowed, and the country was reorganized. A thrilling chapter. Under the influence of many factors such as geographical discovery, the spread of printing, the rise of nation-states, and the destruction of religious unity in the Western Christian world, Europe's economic, political, and cultural life has undergone changes. The era is in turmoil, and wars can be seen everywhere. In Asia, although the causes and forms of the changes and turmoil are different from those in Europe, the essence is the same, and people are living in the same situation waiting for the opportunity to "recover from peeling". of.

China, located in the center of Asia, is at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Wanli, who came to the throne at the age of ten in 1573, reigned for 48 years, but for more than 30 years he did not go to court, see ministers, or read memorials. , not caring about the sufferings of the people's livelihood; this way of leading the country made him a corrupt record in history, and also made the Ming Dynasty's power rapidly decline like a river. The situation of prosperity and prosperity achieved by Zhang Juzheng in the past is no longer, and the situation of peace in the world is no longer; Baba in Ningxia and Yang Yinglong in Southwest China all caused military disasters due to rebellion, and the large-scale war to aid North Korea against Japan consumed a lot of financial resources. And manpower, after the rise of the Jurchen in Liaodong, the border has been restless for years, and wars have occurred frequently; the country has increased taxes due to wars, the monarch has neglected government, the internal affairs have not been repaired, and the officials are not clear, so the people's livelihood has declined and thieves have sprung up; Ministers fought each other, and after the rise of the Donglin Movement, it developed into a fierce political struggle, which eventually became a major damage to the country's vitality.

The corruption in the imperial palace was even more serious than that in the imperial court, among the common people, and in the frontiers. The four emperors Wanli, Taichang, Tianqi, and Chongzhen were all mentally deformed people, and their actions were not only absurd, but even absurd. Wanli took "not going to court" as his life characteristic, and he was also greedy for money and good goods. He sent mining tax eunuchs to run amok among the people, searched for him, and enriched his internal funds; After the crown prince was reluctantly registered, there was an incident of "tampering" in which his doting concubine Zheng secretly ordered the prince to be murdered; after his death, Taichang, who succeeded him, was even more absurd. " and died; thus "changing three emperors in one year", Apocalypse succeeded to the throne, and the case of "moving the palace" happened again, and the harem, which was already full of problems, had changes and disputes.

However, after these three cases happened, the matter is over, but it does not mean that the problem is not there - the worse is yet to come: Tianqi soon becomes obsessed with carpentry, and all the power falls into the hands of the eunuch Wei Zhongxian! Wei Zhongxian did whatever he wanted, which made the Ming Dynasty move towards irretrievable destruction even faster. However, Mongolia, which had always been the most serious border threat to the Ming Dynasty, began to adjust its relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Starting from Yuan Shun Emperor to the north, the Ming Dynasty was founded, and Mongolia was the "enemy" of the Ming Dynasty. An important town, stationed with heavy troops, defending Mongolia from going south; as far as Mongolia is concerned, it has gathered many armies to defeat Ming Dynasty in more than a hundred years in an attempt to retake the Central Plains, but it has failed several times, and its footsteps have been restricted outside the Great Wall. At the end of the sixteenth century, subtle changes took place in the relationship and situation between the "enemies of the world".

Altan Khan (Altan Khan) who once led the Mongolian iron cavalry to surround Beijing and caused the "Gengxu Change" of Beijing's martial law, his mood in his later years was not only stimulated by the San Niangzi incident, but also changed by his belief in Buddhism; In 571, he accepted the canonization of the Ming Dynasty as "King of Shunyi", and the hostility between the two sides was greatly reduced. During this period, although Tumen Khan (Tumen Khan) invaded Ming Dynasty from Liaodong several times, he killed and looted a lot, causing Ming Dynasty However, Li Chengliang’s counterattack was also stifled by Li Chengliang’s counterattack, and he never succeeded in entering the Central Plains. Helping the Jurchens conquer the Ming Dynasty; only the Chahar tribe, led by Lin Dan Khan, the grandson of Tumen Khan who became Khan in 1604, had friendly relations with the Ming Dynasty and enemies with the Jurchens.

Lin Dan Khan was originally a man of great talent and general strategy, and his soldiers were strong and powerful, and he had a strong heart to fight for hegemony. Instead of being an ally of the DPRK, it is a strategy of "making friends from afar and attacking closely", trying to unite with the Ming Dynasty first, eliminate Hou Jin, and then plan for the Ming Dynasty. However, the facts proved that this choice was wrong. Because of this mistake, he paid a heavy price and became the last Khan of Mongolia: not only did he fail to destroy Houjin, but was also destroyed by Houjin, and all the soldiers, horses and property belonged to Houjin , which greatly increased the strength of Houjin Faming and his control of the Central Plains.

North Korea, the Ming Dynasty's neighbor to the east, was another story. North Korea has a long history, which can be traced back more than a thousand years. Li Chenggui founded the country and named the dynasty "North Korea" in 1390. Ming Taizu Hongwu was twenty-five years old, and by the end of Ming Dynasty, he had a history of two hundred years. In the past two hundred years, there has been no large-scale war in the territory. The agriculture, economics, culture and education are impressive. Diplomatically, it pays tribute to the Ming Dynasty and claims to belong to the Ming Dynasty. Except for occasional political struggles between the two, everything is flawless, so the people are happy and the treasury is sufficient.

However, Japan, a neighboring country across the sea, also has the heart of conquest because of its "sufficient treasury and infighting among courtiers". Japan also has a long history, which can be traced back more than a thousand years, and history is also advancing in the alternation of division and reunification. Before 1392, the history of Japan was in the "Northern and Southern Dynasties" era in which two imperial courts and two era names coexisted. In this year, the great general Ashikaga Yoshimitsu completed the great cause of unification and opened the "Muromachi Shogunate" monopoly The era of military and political power - this seems to be an arrangement deliberately arranged by God. The beginning of the Muromachi Shogunate in Japan and the founding of Korea by Li Chenggui, China's Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed Emperor Jianyuan, and Mongolia's return to the desert. Not far away, the four countries changed their dynasties as if "unanimously"; and then, after two hundred years, the situation of decline and turmoil is similar!

The Muromachi shogunate fell, and Japanese history entered the "Warring States Period". The feudal lords, big and small, attacked and annexed each other, and the common people fell into misery. Troubled times are often times for heroes to show their talents. Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu also Therefore, the name goes down in history. Oda Nobunaga ended the "Muromachi Era" but was killed by a rebel general, which led to the rise of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; in 1584, he took up the highest official position in the court "Guanbai", and was appointed by the Emperor the next year As the Taizheng Minister - in terms of military and political power, he is already the real king of Japan.

But he is not complacent about this, as he is not a thing in the pool - he has always yearned for the prosperity and prosperity of China, and now, with the military power in his hands, can he not send troops to fulfill his long-cherished wish? What's more, sending troops to foreign countries can not only solve the domestic arrogant soldiers, but also plunder property and food to enrich the people's livelihood and economy of one's own country. As for the planned route of aggression, North Korea, with abundant treasuries, infighting among courtiers, and unrepaired armaments, became the first target to bear the brunt, and then it would cross the Yalu River and drive straight to occupy China—Japan's ambition to occupy the Central Plains is just like Mongolia.

In 1592, the Japanese army set off and occupied all parts of the country with great momentum after landing. Soon after, they captured the capital of North Korea. China's calendar is the 20th year of Wanli, and the imperial court sent Li Rusong to lead an army to rescue him. Unexpectedly, Li Rusong won first and then lost, the war fell into a stalemate, and there were many twists and turns in the peace negotiation. It was delayed for seven years. However, the Korean nation, which was on the verge of extinction, was seriously injured, and it gradually recovered after many years. The national treasury is even more empty, and the prestige is completely lost, and it is regarded as a "paper tiger"! Tumen Khan of Mongolia then took the opportunity to invade again, and Li Rusong went out to suppress him, but was killed in battle—the prestige of the Ming Dynasty fell even worse! The evolution of the situation in these four countries and the delicate relationship among them, not only to influence the whole body, its complexity, closeness, mutual influence, and containment, and at the same time form the overall situation of the Greater East Asia region, all of which are beneficial to the original weak The rise of Liaodong Jurchen. The Jurchens in Liaodong lost their unified national scale after the Jin Dynasty was wiped out by Mongols, and returned to a divided tribal form; In the primitive tribes, there was no order among the tribes, and they fought with each other endlessly. At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the Nuer Gandu Division was established in Liaodong, with 384 guards under its jurisdiction, but there was no good way to govern it. Yingzong simply abolished it, and the situation became more chaotic; In addition to real people, Han people, Mongols, and Koreans often live here, so the shape is even more complicated. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou Jurchen gradually emerged, and Yehe, Hada, Wula, and Huifa, collectively known as the "Four Clans of Hulun", stood side by side; and Li Chengliang, a famous general of the Ming Dynasty, was reused during the reign of Mu Zonglongqing. Suppress the Jurchen ministries. Li Chengliang's ancestral home was in North Korea, and he was born in Tieling, where he grew up in Liaodong. Therefore, he was familiar with Liao affairs and adopted the method of "using barbarians to control barbarians" to make Jurchen's various tribes kill each other and reduce each other's strength. So that the Jurchen tribes can never be unified, unable to establish a country, and unable to have the strength to threaten the Ming Dynasty. However, by 1583, his consistent methods of applying to the Jurchen had produced an evolution that no one expected. This year, he sent troops to attack the two cities of Gule and Shaji, and at the same time "killed" Jue Chang'an, the commander of the Zuowei capital in Jianzhou, and Tu Keshi's father and son. Of course, his original intention was the same as before, only to cut off the Jurchen's capable people and weaken the Jurchen's strength; however, Nurhachi, the son of Takshi, was aroused by this to fight. The flames of revenge are blazing, and Nurhachi, who is far more outstanding than ordinary people, not only sees the truth about the tragic death of his father and ancestors in the flames, but also thinks about the tragic fate of the Jurchen in the past and the direction he should pursue in the future, and recognizes himself clearly. The mission is to start bravely taking the first step to create a heroic career. He raised troops with the thirteen armors left by his father and ancestors, and in the name of revenge, he chased and killed his ostensible enemy, Nikanwailan. North Korea; then, he annexed the four tribes of Hulun and unified Jurchen. Some mistakes of Lin Dan Khan helped him a lot—Lin Dan Khan was dedicated to competing, eager to expand his strength, and often forcibly suppressed or bullied or plundered other Mongolian tribes; Voluntarily come to surrender or make friends with Jianzhou, and even elect him as Khan, accept his protection, and become an ally of Jianzhou. The weakening strength of the originally powerful Hu Lun's four tribes also gave him many opportunities to take advantage of; he alternately used intermarriage and conquest, sometimes maintaining the relationship, and sometimes sending troops to wipe out the strength; in the end, his own strength accumulated Enough is enough, but the enemy's strength is already weak, so troops are sent to eradicate them in one fell swoop. And North Korea was invaded by Japan, which also made him gain a lot; he not only got the opportunity to "observe and imitate", but also learned about this transnational war and the internal situation of North Korea, and also got a lot of visits when the troops aided by Li Rusong passed through Liaodong. The actual interests, and because of the course of the war, he no longer feared the Ming Dynasty; in the future, he cleverly used his resourcefulness to make friends with important people in North Korea and North Korea. Let's say that in the Battle of Saerhu, the Korean army who was ordered by the Ming Dynasty to fight for aid was loyal to him, and all surrendered during the war! Geographically located between the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia, and North Korea, facing the situation in Greater East Asia that was already affecting the whole body, after he joined, the situation became more complicated. Relationships have become more subtle, with mutual restraint, mutual influence, and mutual formation of an unprecedented major change. He is different from Lin Dan Khan, and also different from Toyotomi Hideyoshi - Lin Dan Khan made mistakes in his choices, decisions and methods of doing things, but he walked the right path and accurately controlled the direction and pace; I don't know much about the China I want to conquer in my mind, and I fall into the shallowness of "blind men feeling the elephant" only by listening to the truth. However, he strives to have a deep understanding of the target he wants to use, so that he can not only formulate the correct strategy, but also manage it well after taking it back; what is better than these two is that, He has made the most appropriate and beneficial grasp and use of the unprecedented great change he is in, making himself the most influential and driving force in this great change, and even the leader of this great change The author, the protagonist of the great era. Originally the weakest man with the worst real conditions, because he cleverly used the changing situation, mastered the complex and ever-changing pulse of the times, and used his strength to enrich, expand, and grow, and then he walked step by step towards the broad road and completed the The ambition and hegemony that other heroes who were originally stronger than him could not accomplish, are famous in history. In 1616, he formally founded the country, the country was named Houjin, and the year was called the Mandate of Heaven; in 1618, he sued the heavens with the "Seven Great Hatreds", vowed to defeat the Ming Dynasty, and even went to various important towns in Liaodong of the Ming Dynasty—— In 1644, his grandson Fulin took over Beijing and became the emperor of the whole of China. The history of China changed from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. From 1583 to 1644, in just 62 years, the major event of changing the dynasty was completed; from thirteen armors and a hundred followers, it developed to tens of thousands of cavalry, tens of millions The people; the process itself is a turbulent and thrilling historical event, just like a miracle, but there is a thread that leads to success. Heroes create the current situation, and the current situation creates heroes; Nurhachi's heroic career is not only based on his unique and excellent personality and talent, but also based on his encounters, as well as the era and environment in which he lives-he is a A member of the turbulent and thrilling era of great change, and also an important figure who created and promoted the turbulent and thrilling era of the era. There is no clear record in the historical records that Nurhachi expressed his opinions and comments on the era of change in which he lived, so there is no specific evidence to explain what he thinks in his heart. Only his actual actions can prove his correctness of the times. And in-depth insight and understanding, as well as the wise coping methods adopted and the way to success planned for themselves. He was only twenty-five years old when he set up troops with thirteen sets of armor, and he owned only a small number of left guards in Jianzhou, and only a hundred subordinates were willing to follow him. Compared with the Ming Dynasty, it is a drop in a thousand cows. Compared with Mongolia, which has an army of about 400,000, or even North Korea, Japan, or even the "Four Clans of Hulun" with thousands of troops, it is also a huge disparity. Of course, there are many people who object to his retaliation. The reason is "moths to the flame", and this objection actually underestimates his wisdom-how could he do such a stupid thing as moths to the flame?Raising troops to avenge his father and ancestors is something that must be done, and the strategy has already been formed in his mind. He fought against the border officials of the Ming Dynasty, and after getting a superficially reasonable explanation, he also superficially accepted the so-called "manslaughter" of the Ming Dynasty, and accepted the 30 orders, 30 horses and constructions given to him by the Ming Dynasty. The governor of the left guard of the state added the title of General Longhu, and at the same time sent troops to attack Nikan Wailan, who was used by the Ming Dynasty as a scapegoat—why didn't he know that it was the Liaodong policy of the Ming Dynasty that really killed his father and ancestor?However, when the strength is insufficient, doing so is the best policy. Accept it when you see it is good, and try to make further gains after a period of time; every time he wins from the Ming Dynasty, the gains are not much, which will not arouse the enemy's admiration and bring disaster, but the accumulation of days and months, the results are very impressive—— In the past, the history that every outstanding person in Jianzhou was wiped out by the Ming Dynasty should be an important reference for him. Based on this, he planned the correct method to deal with the Ming Dynasty; For a long time, he maintained a good relationship with the Ming Dynasty by hiding his strength and making friends with important officials of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong. He stood up, and did not send troops to destroy him like he used to deal with Jurchens. Thus, he was able to calmly expand his strength and strengthen himself. As a Jurchen, of course he has a sense of mission—hundreds of years of turmoil, division, and degradation have plunged the Jurchen into a tragic fate; The harassing and plundering brought the Jurchens to the brink of extinction; looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, he was determined to lead the Jurchens to a broad road in Zaidu. This is the "mandate of heaven", an innate mission; and to accomplish this mission, the first thing that must be done is of course to unify the Jurchen ministries. Of course, he will not speak out openly, declaring his ideals, responsibilities, and missions; The process led him to conquer several cities gradually. Using these experiences in conquest, he attacked the neighboring small tribes one by one and made them his own; The method of persuasion is used to belong to oneself; after a few years, the results are really impressive. However, when his strength has expanded to a certain level, although he can use various means to hide from the Ming Dynasty, there is no doubt that he has great ambitions, but he can't hide from people who are familiar with him. The head of the Hu Lun's four tribes, the head of the Yehe tribe, the minister Nalin Bulu, was originally his brother-in-law. He knew his great strength and deeds clearly, and he also had the same ambition to unify the Jurchens as he did. The mentality of "He Shengyu, He Shengliang" has been realized. In 1593, Nalinbulu gathered nine other coalition forces to attack Jianzhou; his troops were small, but with his well-trained and high morale on weekdays, he defeated the nine coalition forces in Gule Mountain in one fell swoop. He has since become famous. However, he did not take advantage of the victory to pursue the pursuit, nor did he use this to show off his power to the Jurchen ministries, but he withdrew his troops based on the principle of "self-concealment of strength"; next, he continued to annex other ministries silently, and continued to pretend to be good friends Ming Dynasty. And, along the way, he did a very clever thing. It turned out that the Mongolian Horqin and Khalkha who participated in the "Nine Allied Forces" had no deep hatred with him. They participated in the war, but were instigated by Nalinbulu. Forgive these two parts generously, and take the initiative to communicate with them; thus, there are fewer enemies, more friends, and good causes for more harvests in the future are planted. Many years later, Horqin, Khalkha He is closely related to his relatives who are intermarried with him. Baylor of the Khalkha tribe even took the initiative to mobilize all the Mongolian tribes to respect him as Khan together! In the same year, when he heard the news that Japan sent troops to invade North Korea, he took the initiative to make a request to the Ming Dynasty, willing to lead 3,000 troops to cross the river to help the North; The thoughts and thoughts in his heart, so there is no way to know his intentions; however, the concern and eagerness to intervene, even if there is only a short paragraph of text, has already emerged; During the bloody battle, Li Rusong, the coach of the Ming army, was someone he was familiar with. It would be impossible for him not to put his mind on it—he is so smart and wise, and he will not fail to notice the outcome and impact of the war! It is really hard to calculate how many real benefits and how many abstract enlightenments this transnational war brought him; however, the protagonists of the Great East Asian historical stage at that time, Emperor Wanli, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Li Yan were all losers and suffered losses. ——In contrast, he who was watching the battle turned out to be a profitable fisherman! Of course, this battle also reminded him of the importance of North Korea. Afterwards, it appeared in the records that he contacted North Korea in various ways; The next month, the king of North Korea, Shin Chung-il, the chief secretary of southern North Korea, was ordered to Feiala—and the record about his first claim to be "the king of Jianzhou and other places" was also a document addressed to North Korea! He has a macroscopic view of the overall situation around him, his field of vision has expanded, and his vision has been far-reaching. The pattern in his chest has already far exceeded the scope of being the "head of the tribe". promote. After claiming to be the "King", he was still able to benefit from the laziness of Emperor Wanli and did not go to court. Few people in the Ming Dynasty paid attention to and understood the situation in Liaodong. This emerging force is here. However, he still adhered to the consistent principle of self-concealment of strength and quietly growing himself, and continued to gradually annex other tribes, gradually reduce the strength of Hulun's four tribes, prepare for unification, and continue to maintain good relations with the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, he went to Beijing many times to "pay tribute" in person - this "killed two birds with one stone", which enabled the Ming Dynasty to continue to regard him as a loyal "Look at the Bian Xiaoyi" , You can also use the road to Beijing to broaden your knowledge and learn about the Ming Dynasty in many ways; during your stay in Beijing, the harvest of "knowing the enemy" is of course even greater. All his actions are aimed at the future—his wisdom is superior to others. He not only grasps the pulse of the era of great changes he is in, but also correctly formulates what he should do and how to do it; As if he had foreseen the future, he really knew what he should do now. In 1599, he ordered his courtiers to create a written language; later, he formulated the Eight Banners system. Since then, the level of Jianzhou has risen to a higher level, and it has faintly become the foundation of a big country. In 1601, he sent troops to destroy Hada, one of the four tribes of Hulun; The ministry was merged, and he completed the great cause of reunification. Starting from scratch, fighting for the big with a small one, gradually merging, and accomplishing the great cause—although the process was long and arduous, the wish and mission were finally fulfilled. After the official founding of the country in 1616, he was no longer a supporting role on the historical stage, but one of the leaders in the overall situation changes in Greater East Asia, which also deeply affected his development. His strength and threat made North Korea open to the Ming Dynasty and pour money secretly. Even if it obeyed the order of the Ming Dynasty, it did not dare to be an enemy of him; The Horqin tribe, an ally, retreated when he sent troops to rescue him; the internal situation in the Ming Dynasty was even worse, which also helped him quickly annex the Ming Dynasty's cities in Liaodong; Wei Zhongxian monopolized power and killed dissidents , sent Xiong Tingbi, the only one in the court who could defend Liaodong, to the execution ground when he was killing everyone in Donglin—the founding hero of the "Later Jin Kingdom", in addition to Nurhachi's civil and military ministers and soldiers, he should also include the Ming Dynasty Junchen, Joseon Junchen, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Lin Danhan, Li Chengliang, Wei Dongxian and others! Li Chengliang forced him into a desperate situation, stimulated all the potential in his life, and opened the prelude to his unremitting struggle and accomplishment of a heroic career; Lin Dan Khan made the wrong choice and bullied other Mongolian tribes, prompting most of the Mongolian tribes to surrender to him——Suguoran is complicated, and the rise and fall of history is determined by Yandi. His personal condition superior to others also showed a dazzling light, after that, he no longer hides his strength... After everything was ready, he formally declared war on the Ming Dynasty. The formulation of the strategy still maintained his thinking habits and principles of "macro-overall, micro-details", paying attention to changes in foreign situations and possible containment, North Korea's attitude, Lin Danhan's deeds are the focus of attention at the same time; and the infighting among the courtiers of the Ming Dynasty was far more tragic than the fighting on the battlefield, and he never forgot to step up and deepen his understanding; thus, he successfully captured Take the city as your own to make your country bigger, with a stronger foundation, a better prospect, and a brighter prospect. He became a successful founding king. And although he was defeated in the Battle of Ningyuan in 1626 and died of illness in the same year, he was unable to enter the Central Plains with great ambitions during his lifetime. However, the foundation of Houjin has been strengthened, and the royal spirit has flourished, replacing the Ming Dynasty. The conditions are ready and the trend has come; the successor Huang Taiji is an elite who has participated in his heroic career since he was a child, and will take his legacy and great cause to a higher level in the future - in the near future, the peaceful and prosperous world that people expect Finally came to the world. Later generations respected his temple name as "Qing Taizu", and praised him for laying a solid foundation for the Qing Dynasty, creating a brand new dynasty, leading the era, leading the history forward, and becoming a light that is proud of the ages in human history. What kind of mood would it be to read the magnificence and reverberation of history?How will it feel?What kind of thinking do you make? The dead are so, and the past historical events may not be all in smoke-but what is left from history? Whenever historical interpreters combine ancient events with the present, this is what Western historians say: "Every kind of historical writing is contemporary history." The results obtained are even more influenced by contemporary viewpoints and writing methods; at the same time, it is also pointed out that in addition to objective thinking and analysis, historical writers also include subjective feelings, so that when writing, there is always more or less "borrowing ancient wine cups". , Pour the ingredients in your heart. Isn’t this similar to Sima Qian’s view on historical writing: "When I study my wife, I can understand the changes of the past and the present, and become the words of the family." The history written by Sima Qian is magnificent and reverberating, and it faintly reveals his personal life feelings, thinking results, research experience and creative art; therefore, from the ancient times to the Qin and Han Dynasties, many historical events and characters have become his unique The touching, shocking, and lamenting spit and vomit in the way of interpretation and writing go straight to the depths of the readers' souls. However, the historical events between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are quite different from those in ancient times and the Qin and Han Dynasties in form, but their essence is the same: "stories of people"-the microscopic ones, the bottom of human nature; the macroscopic ones, A combination of people and people, that's all. Nurhachi and the era he lived in are history, stories of people, a book that inspires people to think, and a mirror that can reflect the present. The changes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have gone with the wind, but hasn't the history since then repeated many changes again and again? Therefore, the heroes and the era of heroes that I interpret contain a variety of meanings, not only for my historical research and thinking, but also for my feelings and emotions, and to hide and entrust my expectations for a peaceful and prosperous future. .