Chapter 42 Section 3 Stranger on the Cross Street

After Wen Yiduo's death, Wu Han wrote several commemorative articles in a row. Although there were more political slogans than content, his feelings were quite strong and sincere. , I went to see him. At that time, he was part-time a Chinese teacher in Kunhua Middle School. He had a load of rice, a little money and two houses every month. Since then, we have become friends... Last summer, Kunzhong changed the principal, and the new principal was ordered to dismiss Yiduo. Moving, it just happened that the United Nations University built several new dormitories for faculty and staff. They were selected by lottery and moved to the opposite side of my house. Since then, we have been together all day long, talking about everything, and talking about everything, and we understand each other's situation very well.... Sometimes There is no way to pay for vegetables in the morning, and we accommodate each other, around 12,000 yuan. Five children and one old maid, a family of eight, the monthly salary is only enough for ten days." What Wu Han said is true, Wen and Wu Er This is where people start working together.

Wen’s family was still penniless after they moved to the dormitory of the United Nations University. The only tattered rattan chair at home was given by Professor Sun Yutang when he went to England, and a neater square table was borrowed and lent by Wu Han from the school.Wen Yiduo's desk is made of three long wooden boards, like a tailor's table, and two square chairs painted with gold and black lacquer picked up from the countryside, which shake and scream strangely every time they sit on it.In addition, there are two small benches and two broken boxes. When eating, the family just sits at the same table, and the children eat standing up.later.Thanks to Wen Yiduo's housekeeping skill of engraving seals, life has improved slightly.Wu Han once said in his memories: "Two years ago he learned to carve seals. This story contains blood and tears. He studied paleography, from tortoise shell script to Jinshiwen. One day a friend talked about why he didn't To learn this trade, he immediately bought a carving knife and went to the countryside. He first tried to carve it with a stone, and it worked. Then he carved ivory. Yunnan is very popular with ivory badges. It took a whole day to carve the first ivory badge. The index finger of his right hand was worn out. He was discouraged and desperate several times, but he still gritted his teeth and continued to work. It was actually carved. When he said this, two years later, he was still in tears. From now on, he will rely on this handicraft to make a living. Today Having a stamp guarantees that he will have food tomorrow. When there are few stamps, he is in a hurry because he will starve. When there are many stamps, he is even more anxious because he will delay his work.” He also said: “There is no more rice, so I have to buy rice. , Vegetable money, rely on engraved seals, one thousand characters for stone seals, two thousand for tooth seals, one day for engraving. If there is no business for a day, you have to borrow money. When there is really no other way, the wife and the old maid go to set up a street stall to sell old Clothes and old shoes. One day, I asked Mrs. Wen how much she sold, and she smiled wryly and said, "More than 30 broken shirts, sold for more than 3,000 yuan, which is enough for tomorrow anyway." Regarding Wu Han's memories, Liang Shiqiu read In the end, he expressed his belief that this was true, without any exaggeration.It's just that Wu Han said that Wen Yiduo "officially engraved seals in Kunming and relied on this craft for a living in the summer of 1942." This memory is wrong, it actually happened in May 1944.At that time, Wen Yiduo was able to successfully list and open. Mei Yiqi, Jiang Menglin, Xiong Qinglai, Feng Youlan, Yang Zhensheng, Jiang Yinqing, Zhu Ziqing, Luo Changpei, Tang Lan, Pan Guangdan, Chen Xueping, Shen Congwen, etc. A total of 12 Lianda and Yunda celebrities came forward to promote, Tsinghua University Pu Jiang Qinghuan, a professor of the Chinese Department, drafted a short introduction, which is the slogan to attract customers:

Seals of the Qin and Han Dynasties have a long history of engraving gold and jade; Yin Qi and Zhou Ming have a long history of ancient prose and strange characters...Mr. Xishui Wen Yiduo, an advanced literary world, a famous scholar of Confucian classics, who can distinguish characters at a fine point, is a confidant of several people; The elegance and primitiveness are highly praised at home and abroad... After writing the short book, Wen Yiduo personally took it to the nearby teacher's dormitory of the Lianmeng University in Beimen Street, Kunming City, and pasted it in a room where the plaque of "Sanyou Jinshi Painting and Calligraphy Club" was written.On one side of the advertisement, there is a large sheet of white paper with stamps in various fonts and printed regulations, plus a glass frame for decoration.Inside the house are more the calligraphy and paintings of Hu Xiaoshi, a famous calligrapher and professor of Yunda University, as well as the paintings and calligraphy of Li Gongpu's wife Zhang Manyun and his father-in-law Zhang Xiaolou. Li Gongpu, the owner of Beimen Bookstore, is in charge of taking care of them.Liang Shiqiu had seen Wen Yiduo’s rule of profit when he was in Chongqing, and later he said in the article "Talking about Wen Yiduo": "In fact, Yiduo's rule of seals did not start from this time, and it was already in 1927. Dan, Liu Yingshi and I started engraving. Engraving is his old handicraft. However, it has been officially listed in Kunming, and the skill has greatly improved. I heard that the Allied soldiers often order engraved seals out of curiosity, which is more expensive, so Those who come will not be rejected. The literati have no choice but to make a seal! However, Yiduo's back is bent, his fingers are broken, and there is a lot of resentment in his heart, coupled with various environmental factors, so that he becomes Who is to blame for the 'unfinished talents through the ages'?"

Liang Shiqiu may really know about Wen Yiduo, an old classmate and former colleague of Tsinghua University, who was turned into a "fighter" by a pedant who didn't hear anything outside the window, and what he has achieved in the fight, or it may be inconvenient to know. Word.I just have great regret and regret for the death of Wen Yiduo, a scholar who "has never exhausted his talents through the ages".Wen suddenly put down his book halfway, and set foot on the "fighter" road of no return. He was really destined to go to the underworld. This sudden and explosive process resembled nuclear fission. Naturally, it is difficult to say "who is to blame".According to the old adage that the wrong has its head, and the debt has its owner, if we have to find a clue, in addition to the economic and other environmental factors mentioned by Liang Shiqiu, of course it is also related to several friends Wen made along the road of life, such as Wu Han, Luo Longji, as well as Hua Gang, an underground worker of the Communist Party of China, etc.It is said that those who are close to ink are black, and those who are close to vermilion are red, and it is also true when one hears that it turns from gray to red.When Wu Han first came to Yunda as a professor, the flames of war had not yet spread to this ancient city on the southwestern frontier, and politics was knocking on the door for the time being.During this period of time, the young Wu Han was in high spirits and enjoyed both work and life.Two years later, the situation was very different. As Wu Han said in his "Autobiography": "From 1937 to 1940, I was still the same as when I was in Tsinghua University. I did not ask questions. Politics. After 1940, politics came to ask me.” He also said: “My mother, siblings, nephews, and six or seven people all went to Kunming. Elementary school. In the spring of 1939, the three Yuan Zhen sisters also arrived in Kunming. The population increased, wages decreased day by day, legal currency depreciated day by day, and life became increasingly difficult. In addition to the frequent bombing by Japanese planes, they evaded the alarm all day long. The front is full of' "Turn into", more and more "turn into" came to the hinterland, the four big families became rich, the common people could not survive, and the inflation was unlimited. Kunming is a small city full of American goods, Chiang Kai-shek's spy rule, the shadow of democracy and freedom Not at all. Humiliation externally, massacre internally. Dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai-shek’s regime is increasing day by day. These are all things written and said in articles and rostrums. Because I have no experience in political struggle, but I am more sensitive and get along well with young people. Together, my thinking about life has shifted."

The above said that it was in 1940 that Wu felt that life was difficult and began to intervene in politics.In fact, life was difficult as early as 1938, because at this time Wu Han’s hometown Yiwu, Zhejiang Province was engulfed in war, and the mother in the countryside had to lead the whole family to Kunming to join this son who became a university professor. The sisters came to Kunming in the spring of 1939. The salary of a professor had to support a family of more than a dozen. Not to mention Kunming, where prices soared during the war, it was in the so-called "prosperous times that produced fierce tigers" (South Note: In recent years, the famous "Zhou Zheng In the "Longhua South Tiger Incident", Guan Ke, one of the main leaders of the Tiger Faction and the director of the Publicity Center of the Shaanxi Forestry Department, said in a press release to the media) that the 21st century is not an easy task, not to mention that Yuan Zhen is still a regular A sick patient in bed.

Wu Han and Yuan Zhen met in Beiping in 1934.Yuan is from Laohekou City, Hubei Province. It is said that he participated in the May 4th Movement in his hometown when he was 12 years old. In 1921, he was admitted to Wuchang Women's Normal School. Alternative thinking, since then she has been enthusiastic about politics and has become a fashionable political activist. In 1922, she drafted the "Declaration of Founding" for the Hubei Women's Political Suffrage Association. Since then, she has stepped into the vortex of politics with one foot.After graduating from the Women's Normal School, Yuan was admitted to the Chinese Department of Wuhan University in 1925. Because she couldn't pay the tuition fees, she had to work as a staff member in the Women's Normal School. "And dismissed.After wandering on the fringes of society and politics for five years, he was admitted to Tsinghua University in 1930, and was still keen on political activities inside and outside the school.Because of his high talent and beauty, and his frequent appearance in public, he became famous in Tsinghua University and became the target of many young teachers and students.Unfortunately, when she was in the fourth grade, she got lung disease and was forced to suspend school and be hospitalized.

At this time, due to a chance, the sick Yuan Zhen and Wu Han met and fell in love. Wu was 25 years old and Yuan was 27 years old.Misfortunes never come singly. Not long after Wu and Yuan fell in love, Yuan Zhen suffered from bone tuberculosis again.The medical level at that time was still powerless to treat this disease, let alone effective drug treatment, and could only do some simple adjustments. Therefore, after Yuan was discharged from the hospital, he had been lying in bed, unable to stand up, let alone walk, and depended on others to take care of his life.At that time, Wu Han's mother and family were opposed to the marriage, so Wu Yan reined in, don't be obsessed with it, and took a series of measures to obstruct it.But the child couldn't help it, and at this time Wu Han had received higher education from Tsinghua University, full of knowledge and free thinking, how could he listen to a country old lady and her family?In the face of all kinds of obstruction and persuasion, Wu categorically declared to his family that there are no ghosts in the world, so why was he obsessed?In this life, it is not Yuan Zhen who will not marry, and Yuan is not Wu who will not marry.Live in the same bed, die in the same acupuncture point, whether it is the world of the sun or the world of the underworld, they have been together.According to Wu Han's friend Luo Ergang, in the spring of 1936, he was ordered by Wu's family to personally do Wu Han's "political and ideological" work, which was also the last time he informed him.At that time, Wu Han was suffering from lung disease and was hospitalized: "He was sleeping on the hospital bed, listening to me with his eyes closed, and didn't answer a word. Later, I compared my similar marriage problems with him, and blamed him for disregarding his mother's sadness. He opened his eyes, the corners of which were a little wet, and said in a low voice, "My situation is different from yours. The girl chasing you is not ill, but Yuan Zhen is seriously ill. You can follow your mother's order, but I cannot.'" Wu's words made Luo Ergang "ashamed and shameless", and he retreated on the spot.So far, even if Wu Han's mother and family have a hundred unhappiness and uneasiness in their hearts, they are helpless.

Although Yuan Zhen was lying on the hospital bed all day long, never leaving the door or entering the second door, it was like the line "This woman is unusual" that Commander Hu Chuankui praised Mrs. A Qing in "Shajiabin". Yuan Zhen and his elder sister Yuan Puzhi were students of Dong Biwu, a veteran of the Communist Party of China. On the road of "fighting".Since then, the "fighting" has been out of control, and the more "fighting" the more courageous, the more "fighting" the more aggressive. During the "Great Revolution" period, Yuan Zhen and her elder sister both joined the underground party of the Communist Party of China and sneaked into Peiping together before the war secretly engaged in underground activities.After Yuan Zhen and Wu Han fell in love, they came and went. The "fighting" spirit and political attitude of the Yuan sisters had a great influence on the scholar Wu Han.Later, Wu confessed in his "Autobiography": "In my daily life, I have received some party education unknowingly." The so-called party education here refers to the Communist Party rather than the Kuomintang.Wu was already well-known as Hu Shi’s lover during his school days. Hu encouraged and supported Wu in many ways. It can be said that Wu Han’s academic achievements would not have been possible without Hu Shi.At that time, Yuan Zhen, who claimed to have used Marxist historical materialism to analyze and study history, was quite disapproving of Hu Shi's set of political views, and from time to time his speech showed contempt for Hu Shi.Whenever Wu Han talked about Mr. Shizhi whom he admired, Yuan Zhen, who was lying on the hospital bed, said in a mocking tone that Wu was "three feet shorter in front of Hu Shi".But Wu's answer was: "I am shorter in front of you." According to Wu Han research expert Su Shuangbi, Wu claimed to be shorter in front of his wife, "This shows that Wu Han's thinking and understanding have improved. Later, Yuan Zhen followed Wu Han to Kunming. She was very dissatisfied with the Kuomintang’s non-resistance policy and the soaring prices in the rear. She often scolded the Kuomintang reactionaries and worried about the country’s future. These had a great impact on Wu Han’s education. Although at this time Wu Han is far from being able to consciously resist Japan and Chiang Kai-shek, but he can no longer settle down and study behind closed doors.”

Su Shuangbi's words, although it sounds blunt and strange to read, but if you think about it deeply, it might really be the case.I don't know how tall is the Wu Dalang who sells sesame seed cakes, and how has he been taught by his wife?But for a man who claims to be one foot shorter in front of his wife, it is conceivable that he will be greatly influenced by the other party, and his future path and prospects can basically be set.Some researchers in later generations, such as Zhong Yifei, believed that without Yuan Zhen, it would be hard to say that Wu Han would have gone on the road of "fighter", and it would be hard to say that he would have become a deputy mayor of Beijing after "fighting".According to his relationship with Hu Shi, it is very likely that he followed Hu to Taiwan or the United States as one of the "rescued" scholars when the land sank.If this was the case, Wu Han would not have been able to be a high-ranking deputy mayor in the future, and of course he would not have become a victim of the "Cultural Revolution".However, with such a "bold hypothesis", even if Hu Shi, a master of textual research, faced this complicated question, it would be difficult to find out whether it is right or wrong.History is gone forever, and what the world sees is that under the economic oppression and the political influence of his beloved wife Yuan Zhen, the young Wu Han gradually walked on the road of "fighter".

After Wu Han came to Kunming with his beloved wife Yuan Zhen, who was so tall in politics that he had to look up to see his tiny nose, Yuan Zhen’s sister went to Yan’an for training in the CCP headquarters. Wu Han still continues to accept the teachings of the two sisters. In 1940, Southwest Associated University established a branch school in Xuyong, Sichuan Province in order to avoid the bombing of enemy planes, and Wu Han was appointed to teach the General History of China at the branch school.At that time, Wu Po was reluctant to abandon Kunming and go to Xuyong, a small town in Sichuan. But at this time, he had just transferred from Yunda University to the United Nations University as an associate professor, and he was not yet qualified to compete with senior professors, especially heroes like Liu Wendian, so he had to fight hard. Scalp went there with his sick wife Yuan Zhen.Due to Yuan Zhen's physical condition, he couldn't take a car to cross the high and dangerous Wumeng Mountains, so he could only take a plane. However, the round-trip air ticket could not be reimbursed by the United Nations General Assembly, so he had to pay for it himself.After such a toss, he went bankrupt and his life fell into a difficult situation.After arriving in Xuyong, the situation became even worse. Wu Han said in "Autobiography": "The number of false legal currency in salary income gradually increased, but the value of the currency decreased day by day, and life became more and more difficult. Yuan Zhen often fell ill and could not get up while lying down. Living in the country, I walked forty miles back and forth to attend classes. Once Yuan Zhen had to be admitted to the hospital for treatment, but (at home) he had nothing to sell and couldn’t make up the money, so he was very emotional.” Because of this emotion, he became irritable, It was difficult to eat, and dissatisfaction with the Kuomintang regime developed into hatred.The students clearly saw that he was easily agitated during lectures, and he would criticize and criticize him when he grasped a certain topic, vent his resentment on Chiang Kai-shek and his ruling clique, and "began to participate in some political and social activities, walked out of the study room, entered the society."

With the withdrawal of the Xuyong branch, in September 1941, Wu Han and his wife returned to the headquarters of Kunming United University.When returning to Kunming, the Wus made a special detour to Chongqing to visit Dong Biwu.Although Wu had never met Dong in the past, he had already exchanged letters with Dong many times through Yuan Zhen and established a relationship.After the meeting, Wu disclosed to Dong the ideological trends and political tendencies of teachers and students in Kunming, Southwest Associated University Headquarters, and Xuyong Branch. Dong told Wu and his wife some secrets about the situation of the Anti-Japanese War and Yan'an.The meeting between Dong and Wu injected a catalyst for Wu Han to become a "fighter" ideologically and psychologically. Once this catalyst encounters another raw material that grows together, it will react as quickly as nuclear fission.And release huge energy in designated places and places. Of course, it will take some time for the nuclear reactor in Wu Han's stomach to fission. As the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig said: "All the most important historical moments need to have time to brew. All events need a development process.” Because from Xuyong around Chongqing and then to Kunming, Wu Han’s family, who returned to the headquarters of the United Nations University, fell into abject poverty. , writing a book, doing housework, and taking care of the sick—my wife has to talk to students and friends to discuss problems while making rice, oil and salt, sweeping the floor, cooking, and washing dishes." Wen Yiduo Similarly, in order to collect money for Yuan Zhen’s medical treatment, Wu Han reluctantly sold all the few remaining thread-bound books to the Lianda Library. Making cigarettes, this embarrassing situation, Wu Han said more than once: "I have long since lost your identity, and you are dressed in tatters. Except for your own students, everyone thinks you are a refugee." At the critical moment when Wu Han was wandering the cross streets of Kunming as a "refugee", stopping his cup and throwing his chopsticks, unable to eat, drawing his sword and looking around in a daze, an underground representative sent by the CCP quietly entered the village in disguise. This is what Wu Han said later "Politics came to ask me." In 1943, Zhou Enlai and Dong Biwu, senior leaders of the Communist Party of China, sent Hua Gang, Zhou Xinmin and others, the heads of the Southern Bureau, to Kunming to do Longyun's united front work.Hua Gang's pseudonym Lin Guanghou was recommended by Chu Tunan, the head of the Yunnan Democratic League, to Yunnan University as a professor of sociology. Zhou Xinmin's public identity is a member of the Democratic League, and he is in charge of organizational affairs in the Kunming Civil League.Earlier, Luo Longji, the head of the Democratic League in Yunnan, went to Chongqing and proposed to the CCP the desire for mutual contact between the two parties. The Chongqing office of the CCP asked Luo Huikun to negotiate with Huagang in detail.Therefore, after Luo Longji discussed with Hua Gang, in addition to doing Longyun's united front work, he also extended his tentacles to universities such as Southwest Associated University and Yunda University, and began to consciously contact high-level intellectuals.As soon as Hua Gang arrived in Kunming, he planned to set up a "Southwest Cultural Research Association" organization, and began to recruit alternative intellectuals who were different from the traditional school to participate. Pan Guangdan, Zeng Zhaolun, Wen Yiduo, Wu Han and others all joined this organization and started secret activities with the introduction of research culture.However, the activities are limited to the nature of internal integration and unified goals, or the nature of warming up. There is still a long way to go before actually setting up the stage, rolling up the sleeves and going into battle with bare arms, big "fights", special "fights", and "fights" that risk one's life. At that time, together with Zhou Xinmin, Li Wenyi, a female underground member of the Communist Party of China, was sent to Kunming.Li is a fellow villager of Yuan Zhen, and was a classmate of Yuan Puzhi in his early years.Because of this relationship, Hua Gang sent Li to focus on Wu Han's weakness, and strive to win him down in one fell swoop.Therefore, after Li Wenyi and Zhou Xinmin quietly entered the village, they soon became the guests of Wu Han's house.Wu’s friend Luo Ergang recalled: “In the spring of 1939, the Social Research Institute moved to Kunming and set up a workstation in Luosuopo Village, more than ten miles outside the city, where I worked. Soon, Wu Han also moved because Kunming was frequently bombed. I came to live in Luosuopo Village. At that time, Wu Han was a different person. He used to be active, but now he was depressed. Apart from going to the city to attend classes, he spent all day fishing at the bridgehead by the side of the village. Sometimes he put down his fishing rod and bowed his head on the road. He wandered around. I saw that he was deeply depressed, and that a period of great change in his life was coming. Sure enough, he became a democratic fighter and fought against reactionary rule in a short time." Luo Ergang said that Wu Han's fishing was true, but he said that he soon became a "warrior" and started to fight. It was his guess, or a deliberate whitewash, and this guess or whitewash did not match the real situation.Regarding Wu's life in Kunming, perhaps his students have more say and persuasion.He Zhaowu, who had studied in the four departments of Civil Engineering, History, Chinese, and Foreign Languages ​​of Southwest Associated University, mentioned Wu Han in a book he later dictated, and made it clear that he did not like Wu Han's lectures. The reason was that Wu Han did not synthesize history. However, it is divided into many rules and regulations, such as China's official system, China's economy, etc., dividing history into many special histories, lacking a comprehensive overall perspective.In life, Wu Han had a few things that left a very unpleasant impression on He Zhaowu.He said: "My elder sister is from the 38th grade economics department. After graduation, she can't live in the school. She has to find a house to live in. Wu Han was the second landlord at that time. She rented a big house and then sublet it to various families. , my sister rented him a small room. "Second landlord" was a very ugly term in the old society, and it was considered to be exploited from it, and the price difference. Wu Han often drove people to move, saying that relatives wanted to live. I want to take the house back. I don’t know if he really has relatives who want to come, but in the old days, when the second landlord wanted to raise the rent, he always drove you away like this. Wu Han slammed us several times, which left a deep impression on me .” What He Zhaowu said should be after Wu Han returned from the Xuyong branch school, but according to Wu, he "lived in a dilapidated building next to the Yongdao small vegetable market in Kunming Fu. The dilapidated building is actually a crown word, surrounded by paper The chimney, the sky can be seen from the cracks in the roof tiles. When eating downstairs, the dust often falls into the rice bowl from the upstairs. After class, I buy vegetables and cook by myself, and I even get water from the ancient well outside the door. I remember that I didn’t do it the first few times, the bucket No matter how I put it down, I couldn’t scoop up any water. I was really anxious, so I pulled the water rope desperately to flush the bucket down. As a result, the bottom of the bucket was shaken off, and what was pulled up was a bottomless bucket, making me dumbfounded.” Which one of Wu and He said is more in line with the historical truth, or did they not say that Guan Gong fought Qin Qiong at one time and one place?This unsolved case can only be clarified by future researchers.But in any case, there is no doubt that Wu Han left an extremely bad impression on He Zhaowu during his time at Southwest Associated University.When talking about the situation of Kunming being bombed by Japanese planes, He Zhaowu had his own unique observation and commented on Wu Han.Whenever the alarm comes, everyone runs to the suburbs. Young students in their twenties can climb over two hills in ten minutes. However, because the teachers are older and used to sitting in the study, it is much more strenuous to climb over the mountains. , And it is this kind of contrast that provides opportunities for those who have experienced the event to observe various characters.He said, "Generally, in a critical situation, you can see a person's self-cultivation. For example, Principal Mei, who was in his fifties at the time, was very gentlemanly. He always dressed neatly and always wore a Chamberlain dress. He has a curved umbrella and walks very steadily. Even when he was running for the alarm, the crowd around him was chaotic, but he still did not lose his appearance. I saw him running up and down the hillside with a look of panic, his complexion changed, which made me feel too disrespectful of a scholar." Similar to what happened to the teachers and students of various schools in Kunming, the general public, and even Mei Yiqi, Wu Han and others "running the police", at this time in a ravine in Huangmei County, Hubei, a scholar named Fei Ming (Feng Wenbing) also Running the alarm, just not calling the running alarm but "running against" here.Fei Ming is a lecturer in the Chinese Department of Peking University. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to his hometown of Huangmei, Hubei. In 1939, Fei Ming moved to a rural elementary school called Jinjiazhai to teach Mandarin with the help of three yuan of travel funds borrowed from his relatives. Half a year later, he went to Huangmei County Middle School temporarily located in Wuzu Temple to teach English. The victory of the Anti-Japanese War Later, he was able to return to Peking University to teach. In 1947, at the invitation of Zhu Guangqian, the editor of "Literary Magazine", he created the novel "Mr. Mo Xuyou After Flying on the Airplane" with the background of his refugee life in his hometown, which was serialized in "Literary Magazine" from June 1947 to November 1948 , a sensation.The novel uses Fei Ming’s shadow—Mr. Mo Xuyou’s observation of war life to express his own feelings: “Before the 26th year of the Republic of China, the people who didn’t understand China at all simply hated the Chinese people for being worthless.” But the experience After the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Mo Xuyou began to feel that it was not the Chinese people who were worthless, but "Chinese scholars".The author highly appreciates the "spirit" of the rural people in plowing the land calmly and freely, picking up shell casings, leading cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs to "run against", and playing cards in the gaps, and believes that all these imply the tenacity of ordinary people. The will to survive and the ability to survive, and the lives and sufferings of ordinary people are far more miserable than those of intellectuals.In Fei Ming's description, "running against" is a term that has accumulated in the folk for a long time. When the world is in chaos, it is called "rebellion", and this chaos must be a great chaos in the world, not a local chaos. "make trouble". The word "causing trouble" is a value judgment, which means that you don't have to make trouble.If it is "rebellion", it means that a storm is coming, and manpower is helpless. Whether it is internal strife or foreign aggression, it is always said "rebellion, it is going to be rebellion". "Run the long-haired anti" and so on. "Running against" has become a long-lasting memory of the people and a constant way of life in the war-torn era. This way contains the helplessness of fate and the survival philosophy and wisdom of the villagers.Mr. Mo Xuyou said that during the Anti-Japanese War, the "rebels against the devils" were not just people. On the contrary, "people are second, animals are the first, that is, a cow, followed by a pig, and the old man stays at home to guard the house. , if you want to kill, kill it", there is a kind of composure that is all-out.The number of runs has increased, and the farmers still gather to play cards in the intervals, or chat and laugh in the bamboo forest to enjoy the cool air.In this regard, the author Fei Ming stood at the bottom of the country, and tortured intellectuals from the perspective of farmers: "People who are teachers in metropolitan universities like Mr. Mo Xuyou, it can be said that they have never been 'nationals'. They have absolutely no experience with the sufferings of the people, the responsibilities of being a citizen, and the obligations of being a citizen. This time they escaped the war of resistance, they have a common destiny with ordinary citizens, and they are considered to be citizens.” But the professors in these universities They have not been "citizens" for a long time. After experiencing the initial displacement, their status is still special compared with the ordinary people at the bottom of China. "After fleeing to a certain place, they are the same as before in the metropolis, It is still a special class, not a national class", and the self-identification and flaunting of this special identity and special class is stronger than at other times. He Zhaowu, who was far away in Kunming, was also deeply touched by Fei Ming's understanding and views. While feeling sorry for him, he examined the familiar intellectuals from the perspective of "humanity".The image of Wu Han running the police described by He Shi in the book, and an episode in which Wu Han stopped teaching in particular, can show the background color buried deep in the hearts of different intellectuals.After Wu Han transferred from Yunda University to Lianhe University, he taught a public compulsory course of Chinese General History. Because it is a compulsory course for credits, there are usually many people in the class. As a result, after the first academic year, no one in the class passed the exam. surprise.It is said that there was a similar situation at the United Nations University at that time. For example, Zhou Peiyuan taught mechanics, a compulsory second-year course in the physics department, and the whole class failed the first monthly exam.This way is a bit like the Mengzhou Prison City described in the book. When the prisoner comes, he will hit a hundred killing sticks first.However, when this method is used in teaching, only authoritative professors and academic figures can show their skills occasionally, and not everyone can imitate it.Wu Han graduated from the History Department of Tsinghua University in the summer of 1934 and stayed there to teach. He was only 30 years old when he transferred from Yunnan University to the United Nations University at the end of 1939. His title was an associate professor. Prestige, etc., are difficult to compare with the big-name "Sea Turtle" who study abroad in the East and West, and it is difficult to convince students who are not a few years younger than me and who are equally arrogant.Under such circumstances, Wu Han indiscriminately beat up the whole class with his killing stick. Not only could this action fail to subdue the students, but it made the teachers and students in the school feel that Wu was conceited and didn't know how serious he was.Therefore, the students, full of resentment and anger, elected representatives to negotiate with Wu Han. They first reviewed the students for not studying hard, and then unceremoniously stated that the teacher also had room for improvement in teaching methods.After hearing this, Wu Han became furious and kicked the student representatives out on the spot.This process, on the students' side, was just like Ah Q being insulted when he entered the Qian's mansion when he was raised a mourning stick by a fake foreign devil and shouted "get out".On Wu Han's side, he believed that the students were too young to be taught, so he announced a strike to show his counterattack against the students' words and deeds.This matter caused a moderate turmoil on the campus, and it was settled after the school came forward to negotiate a peace. Why did Wu Han, who is young and has no prestige, want to perform such a clumsy and even ridiculous drama?According to He Zhaowu’s self-criticism written and published by Wu Han after the founding of the Communist Party of China, he believes that Wu “always has a complex psychologically, or in other words, always has a knot in his heart, hoping to be among the famous professors. Column. For example, when he said that he fetched water from the well with a bucket, but he couldn’t get it up, he lamented the miserable life of the professor and always kept thinking that he was a famous professor. Why can’t the professor fetch a bucket of water?” To put it bluntly, in response to what Fei Ming criticized in his novel "Mr. Mo Xuyou After Flying", there are quite a few university professors who have absolutely no experience with the sufferings, responsibilities, and obligations of being a citizen.That is to say, I was a "citizen" for a while during the War of Resistance Against Japan, and after the environment stabilized, I still felt that I was a "special class, not a national class". That's why Wu Han felt that he went to the well to draw a bucket of water, which is knowledge. Such a psychological complex of molecular humiliation, or the breeding of pimples.It is this kind of complex that hastened Wu Han's march towards the road of "fighter".