Chapter 38 Section 2 Qingdao University's "Declaration to Dispel News"

Under the calls of patriotic teachers and students in the national education circle and the general public, facing the fall of the vast land in the Northeast and the aggressive and crazy arrogance of the Japanese army, the patriots and the righteous generals of the army are no different from each other. The Japanese army came to fight for life and death.The opportunity came. On January 23, 1932, Japan sent a large number of warships to assemble at the Huangpu River Estuary in Shanghai, and used guns to demonstrate against the Chinese army. The commander of the Japanese First Expatriate Fleet and the commander of the Special Marine Corps stationed in Shanghai, Koichi Kanzawa threatened with a murderous face: " Four hours can occupy Shanghai." On the night of the 28th, the Japanese army launched a surprise attack on the Zhabei garrison in China.The 19th Route Army stationed in Shanghai, under the command of General Commander Jiang Guangnai, Army Commander Cai Tingkai, and Songhu Garrison Commander Dai Ji, fought back, and the first Songhu War of Resistance broke out.By the end of February, the Japanese army had added 100,000 troops to the Songhu area, while the national army's resistance force was less than 50,000. The two sides fought fiercely for Wusong and Jiangwan until hand-to-hand combat. In the end, the national army was outnumbered and forced to retreat to Nanxiang and Kunshan On the first line, China and Japan started a tug-of-war on the first line of defense.At this moment, a young man named Chen Mengjia, who had just graduated from the Law Department of Central University, heard the news that the national army was retreating. He was full of patriotic enthusiasm and went with three classmates from Nanjing to the front line of Nanxiang in the suburbs of Shanghai. Join the army and join the ranks of the 19th Route Army against the Japanese invaders. At the end of March, as the fighting eased, Chen Mengjia returned to Nanjing and was invited by Wen Yiduo to serve as a teaching assistant at Qingdao University.Unexpectedly, not long after Chen's arrival, the tide rises again, and the waves regenerate.

Chen Mengjia, originally from Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province, was born in 1911 in a pastor's family living in Nanjing.In his youth, Chen had already shown his extraordinary talent in controlling words. In the summer of 1927, Chen Mengjia, who had just turned 16, was admitted to the Law Department of Central University with the same academic qualifications. At the same time, he began to write new poems, which attracted the attention of the poetry circle. At the beginning of 1931, Chen Mengjia was not yet 20 years old when his famous work "Mengjia Poetry Collection" was published.

The reason why Mrs. Chen gained fame in poetry creation at a young age was not only that he was born a talented man, but it was also inseparable from the careful guidance and help of two people, namely Wen Yiduo and Xu Zhimo.When Wen Yiduo came to Central University as the dean of the Faculty of Arts in 1927, Chen Mengjia also happened to enter the gate of this institution. The chance meeting brought him close to the already famous poet Wen Yiduo, and he soon became the most proud of Wen Yiduo. protégé.Under Wen Yiduo's enthusiastic guidance, Chen Mengjia, who is known as a "young genius", embarked on the road of poetry and drama creation. In 1928, Wen Yiduo recommended Chen Mengjia's play "Golden Silk Cage" and several poems to the newly established "New Moon" monthly magazine.Since then, Chen Mengjia has become a member of the Crescent School, and has gradually grown into a member of the late Crescent School. The "New Moon Poems", which once attracted widespread attention in the society, was selected and edited by Chen Mengjia.

After the Songhu Anti-Japanese War, Chen Mengjia, who was invited to Qingdao, was very highly regarded by Wen Yiduo.According to Liang Shiqiu: "Chen Mengjia is a very talented and unkempt young poet. He was invited to work as a teaching assistant in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature. Going to rest in a remote place, Chen Mengjia happened to be sitting under a banner of "recruiting recruits" on the side of the road. He was disheveled and his chest was open. At this time, an old man whom he didn't know walked over and said slowly: "Young man, you have nothing to do, you want to do this!" When Yiduo told this story, he thought that Chen Meng's family was too famous. Once Yiduo wrote him a short note, calling it "Dream" My younger brother from my family', the Meng family called him "my elder brother Yiduo", and Yiduo was furious and gave him a big scolding. In this kind of etiquette, Yiduo would not make any excuses." Except for Chen Mengjia At that time, Wen Yiduo still liked a student poet named Zang Kejia in school, and spared no effort to support him.Zang Kejia was admitted to the Foreign Languages ​​Department of Qingdao University from Zhucheng, Shandong Province in 1930. Later, because he loved writing poetry and composition, he was transferred to the Chinese Department with the consent of Wen Yiduo.Whenever he wrote a poem that he thought was worth reading, Zang Kejia would ask Wen to review it more than once. Cigarettes, drinking tea, while discussing poems.As long as Wen Yiduo liked the poem manuscripts, most of them would be recommended to "New Moon" for publication. Zang's famous works "Refugees" and "Old Horse" were first published by "New Moon" and became popular all the way.According to Zang Kejia's recollection, "New Moon" paid a very high fee for the manuscript at that time. Once it published an octaline poem, it gave him four oceans, which was almost his living expenses for a month.During the few years at Qingdao University, Zang made rapid progress with his own talent and the guidance of Wen Yiduo and others, and soon became a dazzling new star in the poetry circle, straddling the sky above the East China Sea.Wen put two photos on his study table, and often pointed out to the visiting guests: "I have the Meng family on the left, and the Ke family on the right." The saying of "home" gradually spread on campus.

As early as in Wuhan University, Wen Yiduo's interest had turned to the study of Chinese literature, especially Du's poems. From a poet to a scholar, this was a major change in his life.In Liang Shiqiu's words: "This change has a lot to do with it. Most of it is to abandon the writer's attitude of free appreciation and free creation, and to adopt the rigorous and in-depth academic spirit of doing textual research and revision. As a The Chinese professor at the university must also change in this way, not to mention that he has a habit of delving into old papers." After arriving at Qingdao University, Wen Yiduo devoted his energy to the study of "Chu Ci" with modern scientific methods. In the past few years in Qingdao, apart from writing a famous poem, I rarely wrote new poems.Even so, because the name of his poem is the window lattice blowing the trumpet—the reputation outside the world, all living beings still have great expectations for him. Zang Kejia, who is emerging in the poetry world, once bluntly persuaded him during a walk with Wen Yiduo: "Sir, you should write Poetry, why didn’t you write it?” Hearing this, he replied with a little emotion: “I’m very happy to have you and Mengjia writing.”

Unexpectedly, after Wen Yiduo was not happy for a long time, the situation of Qingdao University changed drastically. After the principal Yang Zhensheng resigned, he stayed in Peiping and did not return. Entrusted by his colleagues, Wen Yiduo made a special trip to Ping to persuade him to drive. When the two returned to school, the trend resumed.Not only did Yang Zhensheng make up his mind to resign and leave school this time, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu and others were also unable to stand firmly under the impact of the trend, and had to consider finding other ways. On June 16, 1932, Wen Yiduo said in a letter to his good friend Rao Mengkan: "The last letter was just when I went to Peiping to persuade the principal to stay. When I came back, the atmosphere against me in the school became tense. They They spread rumors that I went to Peiping to escape. It’s really chilling to mention the matter of running a school now. Now I can only ask to teach here for a living, and the dean will quit anyway. Jin Fu has returned now. I have already told him, and I have to agree, and we will discuss it when Tai Mou comes back. Both Shiqiu and I were opposed, and we were charged with the 'Crescent Moon Sect's Arrangement of Youth University'. I recruited Chen Mengjia as a small teaching assistant. Then they said that I abused my personal life, making Mengjia almost unable to settle down. If this is the case, it is hard to describe it. It would be best if you have a way elsewhere. Do not come to Qingdao, because you are an out-and-out Crescent Sect... Why don't I want old friends to get together? I talked with Gongchao and Shangyuan many times in Beijing, and everyone was helpless and dejected. Shiqiu is especially concerned about you, but here we are almost too busy to take care of ourselves. Shiqiu's relationship The director and the librarian also had to resign. I didn’t expect the New Moon School to be so harmful!” He also said: “The big trend has come again. When I was writing the letter, the students made five requests and gave the principal a reply within three days. Among them One is that library purchases should not be limited to any sect, but all kinds of books. This is for the Crescent faction, because there have been rumors that the Crescent faction takes over the library in the past.”

Rao Mengkan is not only an important poet of the Crescent School, but also an important theorist and activist of the Crescent School.He almost participated in the whole process from the formation to the disappearance of the Crescent Sect.Wen Yiduo's early metrical theory and some poems were almost formed by mutual inspiration and joint discussion with Rao Mengkan.It’s just that such a poet is running around for a living. This friend of Tuo Wen’s wants to enter Qingda University to seek a teaching position to support his family. In fact, since Wen Yiduo came to Qingdao University as the dean of literature, he has recruited many talents, such as Fang Lingru, You Guoen, Ding Shan, Jiang Shuming, Zhang Xu, Tan Jiefu, etc., and of course Shen Congwen later.Although these people are not members of the Crescent Sect, the two have an unusual relationship.Qingdao has beautiful scenery, but it is a pity that the place is too small and lacks the cultural atmosphere that literati value most, that is, the "humanistic environment" that politicians often talk about on the rostrum after the 21st century.Due to the lack of profound cultural accumulation, the whole city always feels empty and lacks a charm that is difficult to describe in words. After playing the mountains and rivers a few times, the professors have nowhere to go, and they start to eat and drink after teaching. Conquer, put the wine against the wind, to eliminate loneliness.According to Liang Shiqiu, at that time Yang Zhensheng, Zhao Taimo, Chen Jichao, Liu Kangfu, Deng Zhongcun, Fang Lingru, together with Wen Yiduo and Liang Shiqiu himself, were known as the "Eight Immortals of Wine".These eight great immortals often gather to drink. It can be said that they have a small drink every three days and a big drink every five days.Every evening, I attend the banquet, and leave late at night. I praise myself: "Wine presses the Jiaoji area, and punches the north and south capitals." Once Hu Shi passed by Qingdao and was invited to a banquet. Du Hui hurriedly put on the ring specially made by his wife Jiang Dongxiu engraved with the word "Quit Alcohol" and asked to be exempted from fighting.

Such tossing around drinking and fishing all day long naturally made the students hear and dissatisfied with it. Some young teachers and even comrades in the same trench also had opinions. Shen Congwen, who had the closest relationship with Xu Zhimo, as a member of the New Moon Sect, Created short stories.The work takes some colleagues from Qingdao University as the life prototype, shaping the different life attitudes and lifestyles of the eight professors. Among the "Eight Immortals" are physicists, biologists, philosophers, historians, and literature experts of the Six Dynasties.These "immortals" appear to be "honest", "dignified", and full of "moral names", but they conflict with their unforgettable worldly desires.Through different plots, the work reveals the hypocrisy of the moral values ​​of the "Eight Horses", which is quite ironic.As soon as the novel was published, it aroused the displeasure of several people in the circle. Wen Yiduo was even more furious after reading it, and was very angry with Shen.There is such a description in the novel: "Professor A invited Mr. Dashi to his room to drink tea and chat. The layout of the room left some impressions in Mr. Dashi's mind: a family photo was placed on the small table in the room. , six fat children surrounded the couple. The wife seems to be very fat. There is a white cloth pillow in the white linen mosquito net, with a little blue flower embroidered on it. There is an old-fashioned buckle bag next to the pillow. A copy of "Suspect Rain Collection" , a "Five Hundred Fragrant Poems". A half-naked cigarette advertising beauty painting is hung in the big white linen mosquito net. A small red bottle of Baoshen pills, a bottle of cod liver oil, and a headache ointment are placed on the window sill."

Some people think that the character described and portrayed in this paragraph is Wen Yiduo, and the Baoshen balls on the windowsill imply that the owner has some problems with sexual function.Later, some people who were proficient in this way verified that Shen Congwen "written Wen Yiduo as a physicist professor A, saying that he was a person who had an unsatisfactory sex life because he married a country wife" and so on.After Wen Yiduo got angry, he broke up with Shen Congwen and became strangers.Later, the two went to Southwest Associated University in Kunming together. Although they got along day and night, their relationship was still not harmonious.Ten years after the novel was published, Shen Congwen said in the article "Water Cloud—How I Created Stories, How Stories Created Me": "Two years later, He ended my teaching life, and also ended my loneliness in the seaside. Emotional life. And the novel I accidentally wrote a few years ago hurt the dignity of others, and made it impossible for me to work with experts A, B, C, and D.” In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, the reason why Wen Yiduo, who was “on the opposite side of the revolution” in his early years, was in Ideology and speech have taken a 180-degree turn, from the vanguard of anti-communism to opposition to the current government.According to Luo Jialun, it has a lot to do with his unhappiness in family life.

Luo Jialun is a member of the same path as the Kuomintang, and his remarks need not be taken seriously, but from Liang Shiqiu’s recollections and Shen Congwen’s novels, it can be deduced that a considerable part of the faculty and staff of Qingdao University at that time had been involved in the campaign to expel the Crescent faction. The "Eight Immortals" accumulated grievances, and participated in the agitation behind the students' backs, using the opportunity to fuel the trend. Now that the tide has set off, it cannot be destroyed, but a few masts must be broken. On June 22, Qingdao University students announced a strike against the credit elimination system.The reason is that the Crescent School controls school affairs, and the school rules are too harsh and ruthless.According to the rules and regulations formulated by Wen Yiduo and others in power, if a student fails one of the exams, he will be demoted; if he fails two exams, he will be expelled.In this regard, the Student Self-government Council decided that all students in the school refused to take the summer exam to show resistance.Seeing this, Wen Yiduo and others took tit-for-tat measures in anger. On the 23rd, the school meeting resolved to expel Zhong Langhua, Cao Gaoling and other nine student leaders, and announced an early holiday to avoid future troubles.After the announcement was posted, the whole school was in an uproar, and the student self-government association held a press conference, strongly demanding to "expel Wen Yiduo, an ignorant student ruffian", and sent a letter to Wen Yiduo in the name of the very student self-government association, asking him to "quickly Leaving school, lest the future of Qingda will be out of hand." On the 25th, the Student Self-Government Association publicly issued the "Declaration on Dispelling the News".The text says:

This time we have evolved from a simple reform demand movement to an expanded strike and expulsion of bad elements.The object and facts of this campaign have already been announced to the society. Now, in order to expel the evil, we must first hear about this incident, and then declare it to the society. The significance of our movement this time is specifically to resist the deterioration of education, most of which is fascist.Wen Yiduo is a quasi-fascist. As an ignorant student, he was lucky enough to steal a position in China's academic and educational circles. The lofty status of education is regarded as the basis for expanding power.He stole the position of dean of the Faculty of Arts at Xinxing Wuhan University last year. The classmates at Wuhan University were smarter than us, and they drove him away shortly after he took office.The year before last, Kuang Yuan occupied the territory of the dean of our school's School of Liberal Arts. He wanted to continue to exert his power in Qingda with his heart, citing many private individuals (if the private individuals are knowledgeable, we will never object) and their disciples and grandchildren. Lian so-and-so surrounded Principal Yang Zhensheng with both hands; in order to fulfill his ambition, he wisely adopted the path of fascism. If you don’t believe me, let’s cite some facts to prove it: 1. There was a tragedy in our school the year before last, which ruined the academic future of more than 30 young people.The background of this tragedy was generally believed to be Zhang Daofan at that time. According to a certain gentleman (the character in the tragedy) who met with Zhang in Shanghai last year to talk about the past, I know that it is entirely Wen Yiduo's claim.He is a violent quasi-fascist. He has no sympathy for young people. He drove away more than 30 young students with hundreds of soldiers and police!God!It hurts! 2. Last year, our school went to Beijing to petition for the cause of resisting Japan and saving the country. He manipulated the school meeting and obstructed us in every possible way.Driven by our patriotic enthusiasm (enthusiasm), we went to Nanjing with all our strength. He vigorously advocated his violent ideas in the school, and proposed to expel more than ten members of the executive committee of the Anti-Japanese Association in the school meeting. He boldly advocated this Fortunately, the idea of ​​suppressing the patriotic movement became obsolete after someone desperately opposed it, and the second tragedy did not unfold.Oh my God! 3. In order to establish the fascist ideal in the school system, he first engaged in changing the academic rules, the important one is the cruel provision of Article 43 of the new academic rules, "Students have three failures or compulsory courses in the whole year. Those who fail in this class will be ordered to drop out of school.”His reason is to improve the level of students. In fact, he uses this discipline as a tool to carve out students who are different from him. The unfair scoring of some students in the Faculty of Arts is an example. 4. In this incident, he also proposed to expel nine staff members of the extraordinary council. The school council could not control it (because some professors gradually knew his evil), and he openly forced the principal to announce the implementation without the approval of the school council. Yesterday, all The students went to the principal's house to petition, but the notice was immediately withdrawn.The third tragedy has not yet unfolded. All of these are sufficient proof that he is a quasi-fascist. Other facts such as his ignorance and ignorance are not mentioned in detail due to space constraints.Now for the future of the school, for the whole education plan, we are determined to drive him away, and hope that our sacred education circle will not be fooled again! The school strike trend is rolling forward amidst mutual intransigence between the school and the students, and it is getting stronger and stronger. On the 26th, Wen Yiduo and others in power took a hard-line attitude and came up with a "strange trick" to crack down on the student unrest, that is, to suspend all students of Qingda University for one year (only 20 students will be left) and leave the school immediately.According to the thinking of Wen Yiduo and others, once all sentient beings leave school, they will be like those heroes who eat meat in large chunks and drink in big bowls in the Liangshan Mountains. ability.The school authorities sit back and watch, and everything will be fine.Unexpectedly, this wonderful strategy not only failed to work, but also offended the public. All the students held an emergency meeting, saying that the school authorities "suddenly ordered all students to suspend school, setting a precedent for universities across the country, putting the future of Qingda University in a desperate situation, and putting Hundreds of young people died." The meeting decided to take immediate "countermeasures", denying the school's handling of everything, and denying Yang Zhensheng as the legal president of Qingdao University.In order to make Qingda an institution of higher learning that truly possesses "independent spirit and free thought" in students' ideals, the student union decided to eradicate the roots and leave no future troubles. In addition to announcing the expulsion of the "student ruffian" Wen Yiduo, the dean Zhao Taimo, Librarian Liang Shiqiu and others control those in power at Qingda University.At this time, Yang Zhensheng, Wen Yiduo and the others felt that the set of "unprecedented tricks and tricks" they had concocted was really a trick of snakes and rats, and the views of scholars who were ineffective, not enough for success, more than for failure.But the matter has come to this point, the situation is out of control, and we have to let the situation develop.All of a sudden, the entire campus was in chaos, and there were students running back and forth with sweat dripping from their faces, yelling various slogans in hoarse voices.Slogans in big characters and black ink articles of various colors, like the soul-calling banners in the wild tombs, are hung up and down inside and outside the campus, fluttering in the wind.Wen Yiduo and Liang Shiqiu, already in the shape of rats crossing the street, had no choice but to smile wryly at each other.In this regard, Liang Shiqiu recalled: "Yiduo and I walked in front of the calm classroom, and we accidentally saw a new poem on the blackboard: 'Wen Yiduo, Wen Yiduo/You get more than 400 a month/5 in a class. Ten minutes / How much can you hold your breath?"' The first three sentences of this poem are clear at first glance, but the last sentence implies an allusion, which is not easy for outsiders to understand.Liang explained this: "This is ridiculing Yiduo who likes to mix 'hehe...' when speaking in class. Once I read it more, I can only smile bitterly." Obviously, similar sarcasm does not have much impact, and the effect is not obvious. Some expelling radicals simply draw a turtle and a rabbit on the blackboard, and write "Wen Yiduo and Liang Shiqiu" next to them.Wen Yiduo met, and asked Liang Shiqiu who was beside him very seriously, "Which one is me?" Liang told with a wry smile, "It's up to you to choose." In the great loss of control and chaos, the school authorities lost their last chance of parrying, their blood was exhausted, and their vitality was exhausted. On the 29th, Yang Zhensheng went to Nanjing to ask the Ministry of Education to resign as the principal. Wen Yiduo, Zhao Taimo, Liang Shiqiu, and an important member of the Crescent School, Chen Mengjia, left the school to take refuge.Qingdao University then collapsed, and everything came to a standstill. On July 3, the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing National Government ordered the dissolution of Qingdao University and the establishment of National Shandong University.Zhao Taimo, Liang Shiqiu and others temporarily stayed at Shandong University, Yang Zhensheng formally resigned and went to Peking, and Wen Yiduo and Chen Mengjia also bid farewell to Qingdao and came to Peking.Not long after, Wen Yiduo was hired as a professor of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, and Chen Mengjia entered the School of Religion at Yenching University to continue his studies. Since then, they each started a new life course.