Chapter 2 Lesson given by Guo Moruo in Section 2

After the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica headed by Fu Sinian retired to Taiwan, there were once major conflicts with scholars outside the Institute in terms of data disclosure and research, which aroused dissatisfaction among outside scholars. People are full of domineering, criticizing and criticizing scholars outside the Institute for "blocking materials", "manipulating materials", and attempting to take academic public tools as their own.According to what Li Ao, a Taiwanese man named Li Ao, wrote in an abusive and attacking article titled "Looking at Several Dark Sides of Academia Sinica from Li Ji's Tragedy": The Institute of History and Philology under the leadership of Fu Sinian, especially Li Ji, Dong Zuobin and others The main reason for "blocking information", "manipulating information" and "refusing to let outsiders peep" and other "evil deeds" is the "painful experience" of Fu Sinian and his colleagues.Because "they lost face because of opening up the materials back then. For example, the fourth edition of Dagui was excavated in Anyang for the third time. At that time, Li Ji and the others actually agreed to Guo Moruo's request, probably to show the generosity of the academic public! Unexpectedly, Guo Moruo got the rubbings and completed the book "Bu Ci Tong Zhuan". Whether the content of this book is valuable is another matter. The question, however, has greatly robbed the limelight of the characters in the Institute of History and Philology, and made them lose face because of the release of materials!" Therefore, "This is a 'mistake' they will never forget. Therefore, after repeated orders, the rope is the law of the family, and it is strictly prohibited The information was leaked prematurely, so when Hu Houxuan left the Institute of History and Language, the Institute of History and Language and Literature sent an official letter warning him not to quote materials that have not been published by the Institute of History and Language in all subsequent works!"

Li Ao's remark inevitably made another old habit of barking.The truth of the matter is roughly as follows: Guo Moruo, who graduated from the medical department of Kyushu Imperial University in Japan in 1923, established the "Creation Society" with Yu Dafu, Cheng Fangwu and others during the Japanese period and engaged in literary creation, and became famous. In February 1926, he was appointed as the Faculty of Letters of Guangdong University Dean, participated in the Northern Expedition in July, and served as deputy director of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army in October. In 1927, on the eve of Chiang Kai-shek’s launch of the Anti-Communist Purge Movement, Guo Moruo was quite dissatisfied with the actions of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek. Warlords, the central force of all reactionary counter-revolutionary forces".This "rebellious" act angered Chiang Kai-shek, and Guo Moruo was immediately wanted by the National Government.In August of the same year, Guo participated in the Nanchang Uprising led by the CCP and joined the Communist Party of China on his way south. In 1928, he went into exile in Japan and stayed in Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture. Since then, "under the dual supervision of Japanese criminals and military police, he began to study ancient Chinese history, oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions" (Guo Moruo). In 1930, he compiled and published the book "Research on Ancient Chinese Society", which is known as the pioneering work of Chinese Marxist historiography.He returned to China after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, and lived in exile in Japan for nearly 10 years.

In January 1927, according to the intention of the CCP, Lu Xun transferred from Xiamen to Sun Yat-sen University, which had been renamed from Guangdong University. When Guo Moruo and others left Guangzhou, Lu and Guo lost the opportunity to meet and form a united front.Fu Sinian, who taught at Sun Yat-sen University after returning from Europe, and Dong Zuobin, who joined later, had no chance to meet Guo. Therefore, Fu and Dong were not familiar with Guo Moruo in the ten years before the Anti-Japanese War.It is precisely because of this situation that when Guo Moruo put "the energy that had no place to vent on the discussion of the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Ruins and the inscriptions on the bronzes of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties", he compiled the so-called "milestone in the history of oracle bone studies" in Japan. When compiling "Tong Tong", although "attached great importance to every progress of Yin Ruins archeology and accepted the influence of Western archaeology earlier", when asking for materials from domestic academic circles, they did not directly seek help from Fu Sinian and other personnel of the Institute of History and Philology. Send letters to Rong Geng, Yu Xingwu, Ma Heng, Xu Zhongshu and others to collect on their behalf.Later, Guo saw Dong Zuobin's "An Examination and Interpretation of the Four Editions of the Big Turtle" among the materials sent by his friends in the small black room of the small dwelling in Japan, and read Dong's "A certain day, a certain day, a certain event" in the oracle bone inscriptions. When he explained it, his expression was greatly lifted, and he immediately exclaimed: "Recently, Yantang interpreted it as the name of a chaste man, and it seemed to break through the majesty." At this time, Guo Moruo realized the power of the people in the history and language, and at the same time he took courage. I wrote to Dong Zuobin and Li Ji, requesting a full rubbing of the fourth edition of Dagui, as a reference for my writings.At this time, Guo Moruo's identity was still a political prisoner wanted by the Nationalist Government, and the Academia Sinica was directly subordinate to the Nationalist Government (later under the Presidential Palace), so one can imagine the antagonistic relationship.After Li Ji and Dong Zuobin received the letter, they felt that although Guo had conflicts with the party-state politically and had no family relationship with him, he was still a well-known romantic talent after all. Like many down-and-out literati, except for fighting and fighting all day long, they just eat, drink, prostitute, gamble and go shopping in brothels. They can still persist in studying ancient history and oracle bone inscriptions, which is quite worthy of sympathy.Therefore, with the consent of Fu Sinian, without avoiding the suspicion that Mrs. Guo was wanted, he willingly took the political risk of collaborating with the enemy and sent the fourth edition of Dagui and the "newly obtained rubbings of inscriptions" as quickly as possible. Rubbings have not yet been published and are for reference only.Dong Zuobin saw Guo's letter of admiration for his achievement of discovering the "chaste man" in the oracle bone inscriptions, and he got excited and sent the three proofreads of his famous work "Research on the Dating of Oracle Bone Inscriptions" to Japan.

Unexpectedly, when Guo Moruo obtained the materials, he ignored the joint orders of Li Ji and Dong Zuobin, and immediately compiled the rubbings of "New Acquisition of Inscriptions" and the fourth edition of Dagui into his book "Compilation of Inscriptions", which was published in Japan in 1933 with the most advanced The Collo edition fine printing and distribution.Maybe Mrs. Guo felt that such an operation was against the style of a gentleman, so he came up with a plan, and in the preface of the book, he flattered him with the meaning of making up for it: "Most of the research on inscriptions started from King Luo, and most of them were obtained by Mr. Dong. Dong’s contribution is to start a new era of excavation at the Yin Ruins together with Dr. Li Jizhi.” Suifu continued to advocate in the “Postscript”: “Cheng Dong’s Yantang used the third proofread manuscript of the oracle bone inscription research example, which has been read repeatedly. After several times, I am impressed by his great friendship and amazed by his great insight. Such a systematic and comprehensive research has never been done since the oracle bone inscriptions were unearthed.... Such a quick thing, almost makes people want to beat the table with admiration." In a gust of wind After the torrential torrent of praise, Guo Moruo seemed to have a premonition that his actions would definitely offend the other party, so he took a sharp turn in the last sentence of the preface, writing rather tragically and nonchalantly, "Knowing that I am guilty, I will pay for it."Meaning, my book is published anyway, and you stupid, single-minded nerds, do what you like, I don't really care.

Sure enough, the book was passed from Japan to China and then to the Institute of History and Philology. Fu Sinian saw that only 22 pieces of Mo Tuo were used for the "Newly Obtained Inscriptions" unearthed by the archaeological team of the Institute of History and Philology. , Cursed endlessly, called "×××, why should he", and wanted to resort to the law.Faced with this situation, Li Ji, whom Xu Zhimo called "upright and dull", was extremely embarrassed and didn't know what to do. Although he finally did not agree to Fu Sinian's request to resort to the law, he acquiesced to Fu's proposal of "three orders and five petitions, the rope is the law of the family" , Premature ejaculation of data is strictly prohibited".This "iron law" is a bit like being bitten by a snake once and fearing well ropes for ten years. Later, it was criticized and attacked by many scholars outside the circle, but as far as Fu Sinian and the Institute of History and Philology are concerned, it is really justifiable.Just imagine if this is not the case, if there is another situation like Guo Moruo who publishes the unpublished materials of the excavation unit to the world, the world will be in chaos.The Taiwanese Li Ao said that Hu Houxuan left Qilu University privately on the eve before the Institute of History and Philology was about to move from Longtou Village, Kunming to Lizhuang. In the publication, there are any materials that have not been published by our institute. Your school should be responsible for it, and our institute should take appropriate measures to deal with it". things are directly related.

Fu Sinian was deeply concerned about this "unforgettable misstep". When Li Ji met Guo Moruo later in Chongqing, he also told him informally, "It's wrong for you to do this. Don't treat others as fools." No further crusades were made.Even so, Fu Sinian still affirmed Guo Moruo's research results on oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions. In 1947, the Academia Sinica held the first academician election, and Fu Sinian and Hu Shi put forward the list of candidates beforehand, both of whom were named Guo Moruo.In October of that year, the Academia Sinica held a council meeting to discuss the list of academician candidates. When Fu Sinian went to the United States for medical treatment, Xia Nai, the acting director of the Institute of History and Philology, attended the meeting. Xia argued hard and finally approved Guo Moruo as a candidate with a majority vote list.However, when the Academia Sinica formally elected the first academicians in March 1948 and held the academician conference in September, Guo Moruo had already moved from the Kuomintang-controlled area to Hong Kong and was about to make his fortune in the CCP camp, so he naturally ignored the title of academician Here, this is for a later story.

Unlike Li Ji, Dong Zuobin was stimulated by Guo Moruo's praises of "breaking through the majesty", "excellent", "high friendship" and "excellence", although he acquiesced in Fu Sinian's "disclosure of information is strictly prohibited". Law" and "iron law", but still have a deep affection for Guo Moruo, which will be unforgettable for a long time. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party tended to ease. Guo Moruo ended his life in exile, said goodbye to his Japanese wife and children, and returned from Japan alone to participate in anti-Japanese propaganda activities. In 1940, he served as the Director of the Third Office of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the Chongqing Nationalist Government.At this time, Dong Zuobin, who had moved to Nanxi Lizhuang with the Institute of History and Language, learned that Guo Moruo was working in Chongqing, so he took the initiative to contact him by letter, waiting for the opportunity to visit Chongqing in person.After waiting for nearly two years, the opportunity finally came. In May 1942, entrusted by Fu Sinian, Dong Zuobin went to Chongqing to attend the academic meeting of the Academia Sinica, and together handled matters such as the printing of books and periodicals of the Institute of History and Philology and the shopping of cooperatives.At this opportunity, as soon as Dong Zuobin arrived in Chongqing, he couldn't wait to come to Guo Moruo's residence in the suburbs, and started the historic meeting in the "two halls" of oracle bone studies.

According to what Dong later told Li Zhuang's colleagues, after the two met, Guo Moruo was overjoyed.In addition to hosting a banquet for entertainment, Guo Moruo also took advantage of the wine to splash ink on the spot and write poems as gifts: The inscriptions repeatedly contained the formula for collecting corpses, and Emperor Yi paid a lot of attention. Thousands of hooves and thousands of cows pushed and searched all over the place, and Dujun's skill is in full swing. The corpse in the poem is the name of a country recorded in the inscriptions of the Yin Ruins, and Di Yi and Di Xin are the two kings of the late Shang Dynasty.Here Guo Moruo intends to express that Dong Zuobin has far surpassed the famous master Wang Guowei in the interpretation and research of oracle bone inscriptions.Such flattery made Dong Zuobin, who was drunk with wine, feel very useful and comfortable. He couldn't help becoming dizzy again, and regarded Guo Moruo as a hero of the world and an iron brother.After returning to his collapsed hotel, Dong Zuobin quickly composed a poem "Ba Ding Tang presents quatrains" with the help of wine, and he spoke highly of Guo, and at the same time expressed that he would continue to contribute to the cause of oracle bones The determination to struggle unceasingly, the postscript reads:

In the past, it was suspected that the ancient Xuantong created four halls of oracle bones. He set up a factory to reconcile them. The chapter is very popular among scholars.Today, the tomb of Guantang is full of arches, and the Xuetang is old and dead, but Yantang and Dingtang still exist side by side in the world, struggling to survive this great era. In the spring of the 31st year, I visited Moruo Yu Yu, and I had a good relationship with each other for ten years, shaking hands and talking happily.On the other side, he set up ancient studies, took the lead in the literary world, and engaged in the battle of the Anti-Japanese War, while Yu Ze held on to the handicap and cherished his own learning.Will the career of a lifetime end with the study of withered turtles and decayed bones?With this in mind, let's stop writing!

At this time, Dong Zuobin was only interested in shaking hands with Guo Moruo, waving ink and inscribing postscripts and resting his pen, forgetting completely about his duties and tasks in Chongqing.Fu Sinian, who was in Lizhuang, was very angry when he learned of this situation. In a letter to Ye Qisun, the director-general of the Academia Sinica, he said with resentment: "Yantang's trip is intended to cause trouble. Before it arrived, I refused to leave. After I got the medicine, I was quite interested in leaving. If I go, the printing and other things must be done properly. Xuan Siyantang is a good friend, but he has never been to Chongqing, so it is really hopeful to invite him to go. Helping to achieve the meaning. But I never thought that after he arrived, he would just give a speech, visit friends, and find friends (for example, Guo Moruo, he could go three times), and ignore official business. His trip is also, my brother told Zhou Zhi, It is said that a meeting is a formality, and we will not dispute when things happen. The first thing in this trip is publishing, and the second is cooperative property. He wrote twice, saying that the date of the trip is in the fifteenth year, but there is no mention of publishing contact... I actually forgot the first thing. I saw it on the 17th, and it will be 20 days after I arrived in Chongqing. It’s a big deal.” He also said: “Maybe Yantang is here on weekdays, and he works hard, but once he sees the truth, his heart is fluttering. , I can’t rely on him to do things. My brother was originally trying to save trouble, so asking him to go would be troublesome instead....Very annoying!"

This was Fu Sinian's dissatisfaction with Dong Zuobin, but Dong Zuobin, who was immersed in the dizziness of the words, hadn't realized that a few years later, he would be reprimanded by Guo Moruo, a friend who had been in love for ten years, as "running to Taiwan to prepare for burial." "One of the "crazy people".Although China has a tradition of ignoring each other among literati, the animosity between Guo and Dong cannot be explained simply by "relieving each other".This is for later.