Chen Yinke and Li Zhuang missed each other, marking the decline of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica.Zhao Yuanren, the chief general of the Institute of History and Philology, abandoned his school as early as the Kunming period, went to the United States to teach at the University of Hawaii, and later transferred to Yale and Harvard University to teach.Several other generals in Lizhuang where Shiyu is located, such as Liang Siyong, are still seriously ill, and can only lie on the sickbed and do what they can.Li Ji's main focus is still on the preparatory office of the Central Museum. Li Fanggui has also left Li Zhuang to teach at Yanjing University in Chengdu. Ling Chunsheng soon became the director of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education in Chongqing. Only Dong Zuobin, Wu Dingliang, Rui Yifu, Shi Zhang Ru and other veterans are still struggling to survive in this lonely "cottage" in Chinli'ao, Lizhuang.In the face of an increasingly deserted and somewhat desolate situation, everyone is still waiting for changes.As Shi Zhangru said: "No matter what happens to the few people left behind, they still work according to the rules."

Facing the declining academic camp, Fu Sinian decided to recruit researchers, especially young students, to join the Institute. In addition to enriching the strength of the Institute, he also has a longer-term goal, which is to "cultivate the seeds of academic research" and continue the incense of the country's academic career.At this time, Wang Xiantang, director of the Shandong Provincial Library, and his disciple Qu Wanli came to Lizhuang.Wang was famous for his profound knowledge. With his assistance, the archaeological team of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica not only successfully excavated the famous Chengziya Longshan cultural site in the outskirts of Jinan, but also established the Shandong Antiquities Research Association, the Institute of History and Philology Fu, Li, Dong, Liang, etc. are all members of the committee.It is precisely because of this series of relationships that Fu Sinian, who is from Shandong, established a profound friendship with Wang Xiantang.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Jinan fell, and Wang Xiantang, funded by a certain institution, brought his disciple Qu Wanli to Lizhuang to join Fu Sinian and avoid living in Chestnut Au to continue his academic research.In addition to having old friends with several key personnel of the Institute of History and Philology, another important reason why Wang came here after traveling thousands of miles is that there is the largest library in the rear of the wartime—a collection of hundreds of thousands of books for reference.Qu Wanli, who came here with Wang Xiantang, was born in Yutai County, Shandong Province in 1907. After his enlightenment, his father Qu Hongsheng, who had won the honor of a student, taught ancient prose in person, laying a solid foundation of old learning. In 1931, the "September 18th" incident broke out. Qu Wanli dropped out of Yuwen College and returned to his hometown. Luan Tiaofu, director of the Institute of Chinese Studies of Qilu University, recommended him to Wang Xiantang, director of Shandong Provincial Library. Director of Tibetan Department.During this period, Qu began to read books on philology in the library, and studied ancient characters with Wang Xiantang. After making great progress in his studies, he decided to study oracle bones.When the Anti-Japanese War broke out, on the eve of the fall of Jinan, Qu Wanli presided over the transportation of the books collected in the library to Qufu first, then to Leshan Secret Collection in Sichuan, and then moved to Chongqing. He worked in the Central Library in 1940 and resigned in 1942. He followed Wang Xiantang and went to Lizhuang to live in seclusion in Chinli Ao.Since Qu already had a solid background in oracle bone inscriptions, Fu Sinian decided to let him join the third group of the Institute of History and Philology, and follow Dong Zuobin to sort out oracle bone inscriptions.

After the ninth excavation of Yin Ruins in 1943, Dong Zuobin devoted his energy to sorting out and researching the oracle bone inscriptions obtained from the previous nine excavations.According to statistics, a total of 6,513 oracle bones with characters were obtained in the first 9 excavations. After ink rubbing, registration, and numbering, 3,942 pieces were selected.According to the plan, there is also a "Yin Ruins Text A Compilation and Interpretation" (hereinafter referred to as "Explanation") corresponding to the plate, which is a textual explanation for the textual research and explanation of the plate. "Shiwen" was written by Dong Zuobin's assistant Hu Fulin (Housuan), but Hu left without saying goodbye when he was in Longtou Village, Kunming. Compete with history.This action not only caused Dong Zuobin a lot of pain, but also caused him a lot of passiveness in his research work, and Hu Fulin's work on "Shi Wen" in Kunming was subsequently aborted.

When the Institute of History and Philology moved to Lizhuang, Dong Zuobin once imagined finding someone who knew oracle bone inscriptions to rewrite "Explanation". On October 16, 1941, Li Ji went to Chongqing for business. Liang Siyong mentioned in a letter to Li Ji that "cousin Yan asked his brother to find a replacement for Hu Houxuan, and asked his brother to tell him the matter."At that time, most of the people in the academic circles, especially the young students, had no interest in doing academic research. They wanted to leave one after another, and tried to find ways to work in cities with good conditions and institutions with rich luxuries to make a living. It was impossible to find suitable people to come to this remote and poor Lizhuang. A tortoise shell that seems useless to many.In desperation, Dong Zuobin had no choice but to ask Li Zhuang gentry Zhang Guanzhou to recommend him to find Liu Yuanlin, a local young student who was studying at Li Zhuang Xianqun Middle School (southern note: it was founded by Zhang Guanzhou's mother Wang Xianqun with the income from the retirement farm, so it was named Xianqun Middle School) Develop an internship to equip it to do the job.Qu Wanli's timely arrival just happened to take over Hu Fulin's position, and together with Liu Yuanlin, he could assist Dong Zuobin to complete his unfinished business.Even so, because Hu Houxuan dropped the pick halfway, Qu Wanli took a lot of effort to figure it out after taking over.When "Part A" was published by the Commercial Press in Shanghai in 1948, Qu Wanli's "Explanation" was delayed until June 1961. The place of publication at this time was not the mainland but the Taiwan is gone.For quite a long period of history, what mainland scholars can see is a black and muddy "Bian Jia" shaped by tortoise shell ink rubbing without textual research and annotations. The misfortune of academia and the social science enterprise as a whole.Lao Gan, a researcher with Dong Zuobin in Lizhuang and a famous expert on Han bamboo slips, once said: "Mr. Yantang once learned to engrave characters when he was young, so he is very familiar with seal script, which is very helpful for learning oracle bone inscriptions. Mr. Yantang once told me that one of the methods he used to identify the authenticity of oracle bones was to look at the original engraved knife technique, and this kind of experience was realized from the engraved knife technique.” At that time, he was the same as Lao Gan. In Lizhuang, Ren Jiyu, a postgraduate student of the Institute of Liberal Arts at Peking University, many years later, as the curator of the Beijing Library and a famous scholar, talked about the relationship between individuals and social trends. Personal efforts are of course very important, but in society, people are all members of society. No matter how powerful you are, you will always be unable to hold back the tide of society. Only in this tide can your personal role be possible It appears... No matter how big a hero is, the same is true. (For example) Mr. Dong Zuobin, who is engaged in oracle bone inscriptions, I know. He used to set up a stall in the market, selling things like towels, creams, hair clips The customers sometimes come and sometimes don’t come, just to go to the market. He reads the "Han Shu" there, but an expert sees it and tells him, you young man, stop setting up a stall and go study with me. Then he became an oracle expert. This is also a self-taught (example).”

Ren Jiyu's remarks may be based on what he heard from Dong Zuobin himself when he was in Lizhuang, which added some legendary color.However, it is true that Dong Zuobin's career has benefited from the big trends and trends of the world, coupled with his sharp academic vision and unremitting struggle, and finally became a great weapon. Dong Zuobin, who was born in Dongyangmen Village, Nanyang, Henan Province in 1895, was 5 years old when the oracle bone inscriptions were recognized by the then Guozijian Jijiu Wang Yirong and began to explore. This is the beginning of the world's understanding of oracle bone inscriptions.The following year, Dong entered a private school in his hometown to study Confucian classics and history, and later entered a local school to study, where he was a classmate of Guo Baojun, who later became a famous archaeologist.Due to his poor family, since he was 14 years old, Dong Zuobin helped his father "do handicrafts and print sleeves. The Spring Festival couplets are made in the twelfth lunar month. Seals are carved for others, and four copper coins are taken for each character", but he has not given up his studies. In 1912, after graduating from elementary school, Mrs. Dong went to Nanyang to do business while setting up a library with others to teach apprentices.In the same year, Luo Zhenyu, a famous oracle bone scientist, finally found the real place where the oracle bone inscriptions were found—Xiaotun Village, Anyang, after many investigations and unannounced visits. It was revealed that Xiaotun Village was the capital of the Yin and Shang dynasties. This epoch-making discovery has aroused shock and attention from Chinese and foreign academic circles. In 1918, 24-year-old Dong Zuobin graduated from Nanyang Normal School, and then was admitted to Henan Yucai Museum, where he learned Shang Jian from the ancient philologist Shi Jingxun. Since then, he has learned that there is another kind of ancient characters engraved on tortoise shells in the world—— It has been 19 years since the discovery of oracle bone inscriptions!This old man named Shi Jingxun may be the so-called "expert" who discovered Dong Zuobin as described by Ren Jiyu.However, judging from Dong's experience, he did not gain much from studying with Mr. Shi. In 1923, Dong Zuobin was admitted to the Guoxue School of Peking University as a graduate student, and he continued to follow the path of dialect research, and there was no sign of becoming an oracle bone scientist.It wasn't until one night that he suddenly had a whim and inspiration suddenly appeared, and there was a sign that he would become a master of oracle bone science.

According to Zhuang Shangyan, a classmate of Dong Zuobin at Peking University who later escorted antiquities to Taiwan and served as the vice president of the "Palace Museum" in Taipei, recalled that in the summer of 1925, Zhuang and Dong Zuobin stayed on as teaching assistants at Peking University after graduating from the School of Chinese Studies. They were actually researchers.Dong devoted himself to the study of ballad dialects at that time, while Zhuang devoted himself to archaeology.From Zhuang's point of view, Dong Zuobin should go up to the mountains to sing, while he himself digs in the fields.Since it was summer vacation and the weather was sultry, the two moved to a large vacant office in the school to sleep on the floor to avoid the heat.One night, Dong Zuobin suddenly sat up from the floor, wiped the sweat from his face, and said solemnly: "Old Zhuang, what do we do if we continue like this?"

When Zhuang Shangyan heard this, he didn't know what kind of nerves the other party had, and he replied casually: "If we don't go on like this, are we going to rob banks, go to the mountains to become bandits, kill people and steal money?" Dong Zuobin ignored Zhuang's black humor, remained silent for a long time, and said excitedly and mysteriously: "I have an idea, if you agree, how about we go to my hometown Anyang to excavate oracle bones together? You are studying archaeology. Field work is your strong point. I am from Henan, and I can do a good job with local relations. This is a road with vast development, and it has a much brighter future than being cramped here!"

Dong's remarks aroused Zhuang's great interest.At this time, Luo Zhenyu, Wang Guowei and others were gaining fame due to the research results of oracle bone inscriptions, and they were attracting the attention of the world.Except for Luo and Wang, there were very few people who studied this knowledge at that time, and the oracle bone inscriptions are obviously an untapped treasure full of mysterious temptations.Zhuang Shangyan got hot, and immediately sat up and said: "Your idea is very good, but you and I, one is engaged in ballads, the other is studying archeology, and has no foundation for the most important basic knowledge of oracle bone inscriptions, such as elementary school exegesis and philology. What should we do? Got it?"

After hearing this, Dong Zuobin shook his head disapprovingly and said, "If you learn philology well in class or in books, their oracle bone dictionaries will already be sold in bookstores. How can we have a chance? For the present plan, only Take the lead, while digging, reading and researching at the same time. With new materials, there will be new problems, and this problem will force you to go to Jinwen, elementary school to study carefully, and there will naturally be new situations and new conclusions. If we are occupied by others, if we don’t open up a new world, how can we young people have a bright future?”

Zhuang Shangyan said in his memory: "About this time, he made up his mind. Soon I heard people say that he carried a small burden and went to Anyang to dig the keel. I was sent to Tokyo, Japan by the school. Mr. Yoshito Harada studies archaeology, and the two of them have gone their separate ways." The "soon" that Zhuang said was actually three years later, when Dong was still ignorant of his academic future.Ren Jiyu's "Social Tide Theory" has a certain truth. Without the support of the social tide at that time, Dong Zuobin, no matter how shrewd and experienced, would not have achieved great success in this academic career.The fact is that in 1927 Dong Zuobin went to Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou as an associate professor and met "Fu Sinian, one of the few geniuses who understand modern archaeology and science and technology", who is closely related to his life and destiny. In the autumn of 1928, the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica was established in Guangzhou.At this time, because his mother was seriously ill, Dong asked for leave to return home to take care of her mother, and became a Chinese teacher in Nanyang Middle School.It was at this juncture that Fu missed his old feelings and first hired Dong as a communication researcher at the Institute of History and Philology, and then changed it to an editor.As soon as the Institute of History and Philology was established, Fu Sinian was eager to show his talents in the academic world, so he had the idea of ​​digging turtle shells in Anyang.But at this time Fu Sinian was still a bare-bones commander, with no generals or soldiers to send under him. In desperation, he remembered Dong Zuobin, who taught at Nanyang Middle School, and called him to Xiaotun to preside over the investigation and excavation of oracle bones.Dong Zuobin, who is not confused and has long intended to make a name for himself by digging out the shell of a tortoise, made good use of this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity in this sudden social tide, and immediately rushed to Xiaotun to take action.The god of fate seems to be particularly patronizing to him. The first trial excavation found 774 oracle bones with characters and more than 10 kinds of ancient relics. Judging from the investigation, the oracle bones underground are not exhausted, and the buried oracle bones are quite rich.With this extraordinary harvest and prospect of discovery, Dong Zuobin's life path became clear from the ignorance.

When Li Ji went to Kaifeng to meet with Dong Zuobin this winter, according to Xiaotun's investigation, the two agreed to carry out another large-scale excavation after the Spring Festival, and reached an understanding, which is: the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed by Dong Zuobin's research Li Ji is responsible for researching all other unearthed antiquities.Regarding this alliance under the city, Li Ji later recalled: "Practice has proved that this understanding is important to our personal relationship and cooperation. As the first pioneer to investigate this site, Dong Zuobin should have the opportunity to study these most important scientific discoveries. The oracle bone with characters is the key item excavated in Anyang. In addition, Dong’s inscription research ability is beyond doubt.” In fact, the two masters, Li and Dong, kept this pact throughout their lives: Li Ji studied pottery, bronzes, and other artifacts unearthed at the Yin Ruins, and Dong Zuobin specialized in oracle bone inscriptions. In 1929, Dong Zuobin published the article "Conjectures on Tortoise Divination in the Shang Dynasty", which first proposed the analysis and research of the tortoise shell unearthed in Yin Ruins. In the second stage of the third Anyang Yinxu excavation, that is, on December 12, 1929, the famous fourth edition of the big turtle was unearthed in the Dalian pit in the fourth district. This discovery pushed the Yinxu excavation to an unprecedented climax.There are 6 different characters under the divination characters and above the Zhen characters in Guiban inscriptions.Scholars have different opinions on this kind of writing in the past, or they think it is a place name, or it is a class, or it is an official name, and there is no conclusion. After in-depth research, Dong Zuobin published in 1931 the article "Research and Interpretation of the Fourth Edition of Dagui", which is of great significance and far-reaching influence in the history of oracle bone science. The "some" between the two characters is a person's name, not a place name or an official name, thus negating the conclusions of all previous scholars.At the same time, it also made a correct analysis of the official names that are easy to confuse, and concluded: "It can be known that he must be a person who divination and asking fate. Also, there are many examples of "so-and-so Wang Buzhen" and "Wang Buzhen" in the inscriptions. It can be seen that the words of Zhenbu Minggui are sometimes written by the prince's relatives, and sometimes written by the historians. There is no doubt that it is the name of the person who wrote Zhenbu .” Like most bureaucrats, politicians, real estate agents and other secular upright skins in the period of the Republic of China and later, the ancient kings have entered the vicious circle of pleasure at least since the Shang Dynasty. After tossing about the "three vulgarities and four beauties" of sex, wine, delicacy, and Merlot, I know that the blood and sweat of the proletarians flow in every pore of my body, and I yearn for immortality in my bewilderment, and I will always ride on the heads of the people as a dominance In Fu's dreams, he came up with a clever plan, entrusting his arrogance and lust to the sky, calling it the Mandate of Heaven.In order to make the world believe in the true legitimacy of this destiny, and to make themselves believe in the same, so that they can feel at ease, the kings found a group of wizards and even witches who claimed to know the heavens and the earth and could communicate with ghosts and gods, and ordered people to obey the law. Fetch a few turtles in the East China Sea or some river ditch and kill them, then drill holes in the shells of the turtles and roast them on the fire.After all, the tortoise shell is not as hard as the later steel, and it soon exploded on a small scale due to heat. Wizards and witches can only understand the unspeakable mysterious theories based on the length of the burst patterns and the direction of the cracks, and conclude that the stars, the sun, and the moon The vision of the master, the good and bad fortune of the master, or any major event in the world, etc.Afterwards, the result of the divination was engraved on the shell of the tortoise with a knife, and put into the archives for collection and archiving—this is why people can still find oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Ruins of Anyang thousands of years later.Of course, what researchers value is the names of people and event records engraved on the tortoise shell, such as a certain king's hunting, expedition, and changes in astronomical phenomena.Later generations of researchers can verify the truth and unsolved mysteries of what happened in history through these words. The "chaste man" discovered by Dong Zuobin in the study of the tortoise shell is similar to the fortune tellers or wizards that people meet in the streets and alleys of modern times-only these fortune tellers and wizards in ancient times did not wander in the rivers and lakes, but were assigned by the royal family. In the office location, I get a considerable salary to go to and from get off work every month, and tell fortunes and fortune-telling for the king, prince, concubines, and royal officials. The excavation of the fourth edition of the big tortoise, just like the light of the sky leaked and the gods suddenly appeared, made Dong Zuobin suddenly make a major discovery in a trance-there were 6 names of chaste people engraved on the tortoise shell, and the time span was 9 months.This discovery can be said to have found a key to decipher the oracle bone inscription system. With the rotation of the key, the mysterious palace gates of the Yin and Shang Dynasties opened one by one, revealing the secrets buried for more than 3,000 years in the world, and illuminating a new era. era.During these 9 months, 6 chaste people took turns to preside over the divination, which shows that they are all living people in the world during this period, and according to the inference of human life span, the difference between the oldest and the youngest of these 6 people cannot be more than five years. Ten years", "Those who appear on the same edition, they can be said to be almost at the same time".If we use the analogy of a modern example, it is equivalent to six secretaries of a bureaucrat each drafting one or several reports within 9 months. According to the calculation of the 60-year-old retirement system, the youngest is only 10 years old, and it is almost impossible for the royal family to serve as a knife and pen official with a unique status and function at the age of 10. Because of this discovery, Dong Zuobin quickly found out. He came to the conclusion that "the era can be determined by the chastity". Following the discovery and textual research of Zhenren, Dong Zuobin continued to advance and proposed eight criteria for the periodization of oracle bone inscriptions. 1. The layer of the pits; The discovery of "Zhenren" and the assumption of the eight dating standards laid the foundation for Dong's later publication of "Research Cases of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Dating", and also found an effective way to solve the staged dating of oracle bone inscriptions.Dong Zuobin later said: "I tried excavating the ruins of Yin Ruins in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), and felt that the oracle bone inscriptions produced in various regions must be different from time to time, and I was unable to distinguish them. In the 18th year (1929), the fourth edition of Dagui In this regard, Li Ji once clearly pointed out: "One of Dong Zuobin's greatest contributions to the early research on oracle bone inscriptions is also one of the most important achievements in the study of ancient characters in his life. It was the discovery of what he named 'The Chastity'." In the spring of 1932, Dong Zuobin began to create "Research Cases of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Dating", in this epoch-making masterpiece in the history of oracle bone studies, he systematically proposed a new plan for sorting out all the oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Ruins. When I first excavated the Yin Ruins, it was the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928 in the Western calendar). I began to notice the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Xiaotun Village, the north of the village, and the south bank of Huan River. There is a significant difference, and I feel that there must be a problem of chronology. So I worked hard to study how the oracle bone inscriptions can be dated from many aspects. After four excavations, it was not until the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933 in the Western calendar) that the date was found. Research method. This is the method of applying ten criteria and dividing Pangeng to Dixin into five periods of research, also referred to as the periodical research method.” The ten standards are: 1. Genealogy; 2. Appellation; 3. Chaste people; According to these ten criteria, Dong Zuobin divided the oracle bone inscriptions of the eighth and twelve kings of the Yin Shang Dynasty into five periods: The first phase is Pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiao Yi, and Wu Ding (second generation and four kings); the second phase is Zu Geng and Zu Jia (one generation and two kings); the third phase is Lin Xin and Kang Ding (one generation and two kings); the fourth phase Phase Wu Yi, Wen Ding (second generation and two kings); fifth phase Emperor Yi and Di Xin (second generation and two kings). Dong Zuobin's "Ten Standards" and "Five Periods of Dating Theory" have indeed made a breakthrough, and their pioneering significance is just like what the later archaeologist Liu Yiman said: "The publication of "Research Cases of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, It is an epoch-making event in the study of oracle bone inscriptions. He made the 150,000 oracle bones that were chaotic in the past into historical materials that can be divided into five different periods, and established the research on the history and culture of the late Yin Dynasty on a more scientific basis. Later, it was proved that, except for a small part of oracle bone inscriptions that were slightly inaccurate and needed to be re-studied and adjusted, there was no new plan that could replace them.Hu Fulin, who once served as Dong Zuobin's assistant, and later worked at the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, tried his best to collect the oracle bones unearthed in Anyang during the Anti-Japanese War. A total of more than 13,800 pieces were obtained. " and other 4 catalogs and works.In order to show the old adage that "green out of blue is better than blue".Hu used the "four-period method" different from Dong Zuobin's in the periodical dating.As soon as this method came out, it immediately aroused fierce criticism from the oracle bone academic circle. Most researchers believed that "the third period divided included the three generations and four kings, and it was too long after all."In the midst of criticism and accusations, when Hu later presided over the compilation of another comprehensive oracle bone inscription book "Oracle Bone Inscriptions Collection", he had to re-adopt Dong Zuobin's "five periods" theory, and restore the authenticity of history to calm public anger.Later, someone like Xu Jinxiong and others added a "drilling" project on the basis of Dong Zuobin's dating, but they still did not conceal the brilliance of Dong Zuobin's creation of the oracle bone script dating theory system.Zhang Guangzhi, who taught at Harvard University at the time, made Dong’s academic achievements and the path he pointed to for future generations of research more clearly: The "breakthrough" of Dong Zuobin's "Research Cases of Oracle Bone Inscription Dating" is obvious and recognized.Since the birth of oracle bone inscriptions at the end of the nineteenth century, scholars of philology and ancient history such as Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei have made important contributions to its research at different levels. , is undoubtedly the consequence of Dong Zuobin's article.Mr. Dong summed up the various criteria for the dating of oracle bone inscriptions, and drew up ten criteria...for the first time, an order was established for the relics, relics and events that occurred in the Yin Ruins for more than 270 years.From now on, the research will be entirely based on this order.Of course, Mr. Dong later revised these ten criteria in his "Sixty Years of Oracle Bone Science", and the theory of stages was more detailed. Mr. Xu Jinxiong added another item of "drilling" in addition to the ten criteria, but None of this can reduce the historical importance of Mr. Dong's article. ——Si Yan is also! Back then, with the excavation of the Yin Ruins in Anyang and the unearthed oracle bone inscriptions one after another, oracle bone studies were gradually valued by the academic circles and quickly developed into a prominent school.As for the positions occupied by scholars from all walks of life in this emerging scientific research, there was once a saying in the society about the "four halls of oracle bones" by Qian Xuantong and Chen Zizhan, the masters of Chinese studies, that is, Luo Zhenyu (literally: Xuetang), Wang Guowei (word Guantang), Dong Zuobin (word Yantang), and Guo Moruo (word Dingtang), these four oracle bone scientists, are also known as "Dangtangtang, King Guo Dongluo" widely spread in later generations.For the "four halls" academic attainments and different contributions. Tang Lan (Lichang), another famous ancient philologist, has the saying that "Xuetang guides his husband first, Guantang follows his history research, Yantang districts its era, and Dingtang publishes its examples, which has been extremely prosperous for a while". comments.Fu Sinian, who made great contributions to the excavation of Yin Ruins in Anyang and the establishment of oracle bone studies, praised the academic character of Wang and Dong "Er Tang", but was quite dissatisfied with the personality of Luo and Guo "Er Tang".According to Qu Wanli, who followed Dong Zuobin to do oracle bone research, when he was in Lizhuang, every time Fu Sinian mentioned Luo Zhenyu, he always gritted his teeth and called him "Luo Zhenyu's old thief". He didn't completely deny Luo's academic status with that set of things. The reason why he scolded Luo Zhenyu was probably because Luo was not good enough in integrity, which made him look down on him, just as he was dissatisfied with his ancestor Fu Yijian. ".Fu Sinian's dissatisfaction and contempt for Guo Moruo stemmed from a "painful experience".