Chapter 52 Section 3: The Mystery of Xiong Dazhen’s Murder

One day in March 1938, Xiong Dazhen suddenly said to Ye Qisun: "I want to go to Jizhong District to help the people there to carry out armed resistance against Japan. They need the help of scientific and technological personnel." Ye was a little surprised when he heard that, and asked: "Yes Who introduced you?" Xiong replied, "It's a man named Huang. It's urgent. I'm going to leave in a few days." Facing the sudden change, Ye said in his later confession: "I don't agree with him. I went, but because it was about the Anti-Japanese War, I couldn’t do my best to stop him, and there was no reason to stop him. A few days later, he left. I only sent him to the gate of the classmate association, and I didn’t see anyone who led the way.” By this year On the Dragon Boat Festival, Xiong Dazhen and a graduate of Peking Institute of Technology came to Tianjin together. The teachers and students met, and Ye Cai learned that after Xiong arrived in Jizhong, he worked in the logistics department under Lu Zhengcao.

Lu Zhengcao was originally the adjutant of Zhang Xueliang, the leader of the Northeast Army. During the "July 7th Incident", he was the head of the 691st Regiment of the 130th Division of the 53rd Army of the Kuomintang reorganized from the former Northeast Army. The defense area was in Shijiazhuang and Baoding. On October 14, 1937, Lu Zhengcao "rebelled against the water" and led his troops to announce in Xiaoqiao Town that he would break away from the 53rd Army of the Kuomintang and renamed it the "People's Self-Defense Army". Retreat to the enemy's rear, independently resist the Japanese and fight guerrillas.Later, with the development of the war situation, Lu served as the commander of the third column of the Eighth Route Army and the commander of the Jizhong Military Region, the deputy commander of the Jizhong District General Command, and the commander of the Jinsui Military Region. Guerrilla warfare established the first plain anti-Japanese base area led by the Communist Party.

At that time, the Jizhong Military Region was in great need of weapons and ammunition, especially radio transceiver equipment. The Party Committee of the Jizhong Military Region secretly dispatched underground party member Zhang Zhen (formerly an assistant professor at Fu Jen Catholic University) to Pingjin to organize a group of intellectuals and technicians to the base area to transport and manufacture Assembly of high explosives and transceivers.Zhang Zhen sneaked into Beiping secretly after taking the order, and inquired about Sun Lu, a classmate of Fu Jen Catholic University, and Huang Hao, an elder of the Presbyterian Church who lived in a church school in Beiping ), Sun and Huang found Xiong Dazhen who stayed behind in Tianjin (according to the South: Sun later transferred from Furen to Tsinghua to study, and shared a dormitory with Xiong).Instigated by Sun Yuhuang, Xiong's brain became hot, and he decided to give up his plan to go south. Regardless of Ye Qisun's dissuasion, he resolutely went to Jizhong to participate in the Anti-Japanese War.After Xiong Dazhen safely arrived at the predetermined location, he was quickly appointed as the Minister of the Supply Department of the Jizhong Military Region, and began to prepare for the establishment of a technical research institute to develop high explosives, landmines, detonators, etc. The railway cut off the traffic artery of the Japanese enemy.At the same time, research and install short-wave communication tools to ensure the smooth flow of military communications.To complete this work, it is necessary to purchase materials and find relevant technical personnel. Therefore, Xiong Dazhen dressed up on the Dragon Boat Festival in 1938 and sneaked into Tianjin to seek help from his mentor Ye Qisun.

The teachers and students who had been separated for several days met each other, and there was an intimate conversation. After Xiong Dazhen talked about his situation and the tasks he received, Ye was very worried about Xiong's situation. When supplying ministers, I thought that he had no reliable, familiar, and knowledgeable friends in the district, so I took on this important task, and I was afraid that there would be no good results." Ye Qisun's words are indeed the shrewdness of Shanghainese and several times. The experience of the "experienced" who presided over the school affairs of Tsinghua University was unfortunately corrected by him. In addition to the loss of Xiong himself, Ye Qisun was imprisoned for being implicated many years later.But at that time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had already formed an anti-Japanese united front on the surface, and anti-Japanese patriotic slogans and trends such as "Anti-Japanese War comes first, and other political opinions and personal interests are put aside" arose nationwide. Ye was worried for his disciples. , also believes that "during the period of the National War of Resistance, different political ideas and organizations must be tolerated. Anyone who is really doing the work of the War of Resistance should be encouraged and supported by them."

Inspired by this kind of thinking and trend, Ye Qisun not only did not stop Xiong Dazhen's life choices and work plans, but secretly helped Xiong connect with him during the gap in Liujin, purchased the chemical raw materials and copper shells needed to prepare detonators, and prepared electric detonators. The required platinum wire and the electric detonator used to control the explosion, etc.At the same time, according to Xiong's request, Ye successively introduced Wang Dexi, Li Guangxin, Yan Yuchang, Hu Dafo and other Tsinghua teachers, students, employees, and graduates from Pingjin University to join the "Technical Research Society" in the Jizhong Military Region to carry out research and development of various arms and communication equipment. development work.

After Xiong Dazhen returned to the army with the talents and materials recommended by Ye Qisun, he successfully developed qualified guns and ammunition with local methods and equipment while manufacturing explosives. In September 1938, Xiong Dazhen and other technicians, together with officers and soldiers, planted TNT landmines developed by the "Technical Research Institute" near Fangshun Bridge in Baoding, Pinghan Railway, and blew up the locomotives of the Japanese army to pieces.Since then, this kind of landmine containing TNT high explosive has been widely used in the Jizhong Plain, which made the Japanese army frightened and suffered a lot.At that time, the Jizhong Plain controlled by LV Zhengcao had neither mountains nor forests, which was a taboo for guerrilla warfare, and was even regarded as a "death" and "jedi" in the art of war.However, Lu Bu was able to fight against the powerful Japanese mechanized troops without a source of military materials and ammunition. In addition to the ingenious organization and command and the bravery of the officers and soldiers, a large part of the reason was due to the participation of patriotic intellectuals such as Xiong Dazhen. and the role of science and technology.It was the joining of scientific and technological talents and forces. During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, not only the Jizhong Military Region was not wiped out by the Japanese army, but it created a miracle in the history of World War II.Because of this miracle, the prototypes of many anti-Japanese literary and artistic works appeared here, and were praised by foreign newspapers and periodicals.At that time, an American diplomat named Raymond Paul Ludden led the American Kuomintang military observation team to conduct actual inspections in various anti-Japanese base areas led by the Communist Party. All kinds of mines are similar to American rockets, and American technology is available in China’s Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei.” Lu Deng specifically suggested to President Roosevelt that the United States should directly contact the Communist Party and coordinate operations.

The combat results of the Yizhong Military Region at that time and the report of the American observer Lu Deng proved from another aspect that the main factor that determines the war is not the location, but the people, especially the talents who master science and technology.However, since the founding of New China, it is difficult to see descriptions of intellectuals in all historical works and literary works related to the War of Resistance Against Japan in Jizhong.In the so-called "Three World Wars" blockbuster "Landmine Warfare", "Tunnel Warfare" and "Plain Warfare", there are no traces of scientific and technological talents and patriotic intellectuals, and some are only farmers with low education. The countryside worked hard to develop and invent ingenious and magical landmines. ——From an artistic point of view, the story of peasants making landmines to blow up ghosts seems lively and novel, and it also fits the theoretical orientation of "the people create history", but it is very inconsistent in terms of historical facts.Perhaps it was the contempt and distrust of intellectuals in the bones of the later victors that led to the tragedies of Xiong Dazhen, Ye Qisun and other intellectual groups.

In September 1939, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region's anti-rape department suspected that Xiong Dazhen and other intellectuals were the Tianjin Kuomintang's secret service agency - "Tianjin Party-Government-Military Liaison Office" (Southern Press: According to party history data, this office was an anti-Japanese war organization. In the early days, according to the instructions of the CCP, the secret organization of the united front jointly established by the KMT and the Communist Party) was sent to C in the Jizhong Military Region. c.Department of spies, traitors.Xiong Dazhen and more than 180 young intellectuals from Tsinghua University and other colleges and universities across the country were secretly arrested without the approval of Nie Rongzhen, the commander of the Jinchaji Military Region.This group of people "some were escorted to the border region government, and some were escorted to trainees in Yan'an."All the detainees were handcuffed and shackled, tortured to extract confessions, and brutally tortured.Although Lu Zhengcao is the commander of the Jizhong Military Region, he was originally Zhang Xueliang's adjutant. He had just joined the Communist Party and had no right to intervene in anything done by the anti-rape department sent by his superiors. Hukou was powerless to rescue him.

During the detention and interrogation of Xiong Dazhen and other "Technical Society" personnel, because there were no scientific and technological talents to manufacture weapons and ammunition for consumption and supplies during the War of Resistance, the officers and soldiers of the Jizhong Military Region could only hold empty guns in their hands for a period of time and stuffed them with straw. Pretend bullets in the bag to fight and circle around the enemy. In an emergency, they can only use bayonets to fight the enemy hand-to-hand, causing heavy casualties.When this tragic secret was known to the enemy, the Chinese officers and soldiers could not even frighten the unarmed traitors. As a result, the enemy and puppet troops launched a rampant attack and sweep.

At this historical moment, Ye Qisun has left Tianjin and arrived in Kunming, and started his teaching and research career at Southwest Associated University.Zhu Jiahua, who was in Chongqing at the time, learned of the news through the "Party-Government-Military Liaison Office" in Tianjin, and immediately sent a telegram to Ye Qisun in Kunming, saying that Xiong was "unsure of life or death."After Ye received the call, he quickly called Zhu back and asked Zhu to try to rescue him.At the same time, Ye also asked Tao Menghe, who was friendly with the CCP, to try to report the situation to Zhou Enlai of the Eighth Route Army Office in Chongqing for help in the rescue.While all parties were in close contact and trying to find ways, the Japanese army took advantage of the insufficient supply of weapons and ammunition of Lu Zhengcao's department to launch a large-scale raid on the anti-Japanese base areas in Jizhong.At that time, Xiong Dazhen was under the custody of the anti-rape department of the Jizhong Military Region. During the transfer, in order to prevent Xiong Dazhen from escaping, the head of the anti-rape department personally found a stone, led it into a sorghum field, and slammed it on the head from behind. Down.Xiong splattered blood on the spot, his brain burst, and he fell to the ground to die. The anti-rape department personnel abandoned the body.It is said that the person who personally smashed Xiong Dazhen to death was one of the main leaders of a certain province after the founding of New China and lived until the end of the 1980s.

On January 23, 1940, after receiving a report from Tianjin Executive Committee Xu Huidong on the arrest of Xiong Dazhen and others, Zhu Jiahua sent a letter to the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government in the name of the Organization Department of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, proposing a solution Opinion.At that time, Zhu did not know that Xiong had been stoned to death by the escort, and the letter stated: "Among them, Zhang Fang (according to the south: a graduate of the Department of Chemistry of Yan University, who was introduced by Xiong to the Technical Research Institute of Jizhong Military Region to manufacture explosives and detonators) was tortured. The worst, both hands and limbs were completely severed; followed by Xiong Jun and Li Lin, I heard about it. Cha Xiong Jun is a passionate patriotic anti-Japanese youth, and everything is well known by Huisuo. If the witch is a traitor, it is really unethical. Please pray strictly The government of the border area will release it immediately and strictly stop it, and there will be no such incidents in the future." This letter was forwarded by the Executive Yuan to Chiang Kai-shek, and according to Chiang's instructions, "transfer to the deputy commanders of Zhu and Peng to find out and release ".Under the pressure of the Kuomintang government and the instructions of the high-level CCP, Zhang Fang and others, who had "completely severed limbs", were released and survived. However, Xiong Dazhen went to Huangquan before this day and became a ghost who died unjustly. .