Chapter 37 The first quarter

The strange thing about history is that at 4:00 p.m. on the day when Shi Shaobin released "The Irrefutable Evidence of Wu Han Taking refuge in Hu Shi", after the Central People's Broadcasting Station broadcast the news that the Central Committee decided to reorganize the Beijing Municipal Committee, it then broadcast another article from Xinhua News Agency. telecommunications: The newly reorganized Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China decided: (1) to send a working group headed by Zhang Chengxian to Peking University to lead the Socialist Cultural Revolution; (3) During the reorganization of the Party Committee of Peking University, the working group shall act on behalf of the Party Committee.

The next day, the "People's Daily" published an editorial "New Victory for Mao Zedong Thought", denouncing the "Sanjia Village" anti-Party clique and pointing out that Peking University was also the "most stubborn bastion" controlled by the former Beijing Municipal Party Committee. Earlier on May 25, seven people including Nie Yuanzi from the Philosophy Department of Peking University posted "What did Song Shuo, Lu Ping, and Peng Peiyun do during the Cultural Revolution?" "big-character poster. On June 1, Mao Zedong ordered Nie Yuanzi and others to write a gunpowder-smelling poster called "the first big-character poster of Marxism-Leninism in the country" for the national broadcast.This big-character poster accused Lu Ping and Peng Peiyun of carrying out "a complete line of revisionism against the Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong Thought," and called on the people of the whole country to "resolutely, thoroughly, cleanly, and comprehensively wipe out all monsters and monsters."On the night of the broadcast of the big-character poster, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a working group actually controlled by Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng and others to enter Peking University to replace the original leadership team. Lu Ping and Peng Peiyun were dismissed as "gangsters" and investigated.

On June 4, the People's Daily editorial stated: "At present, a vigorous revolutionary situation has emerged in Peking University. The big-character poster of the seven comrades including Nie Yuanzi fired the first shot. This big-character poster was broadcast on the radio, and it was broadcast on the radio. As soon as it was published in the newspaper, the whole school was excited and jubilant. The proletarian revolutionaries were proud, and the ranks of the leftists expanded rapidly. Tens of thousands of big-character posters were fired on the heads of the anti-Party and anti-socialist elements like a volley of artillery.”

When tens of thousands of big-character posters were bombarded on the heads of "reactionaries" in Peking University, a few of them unfortunately fell on the head of Professor Wang Jian of the Department of History.Because of these big-character posters, Wang Zhen was ordered to go to Huangquan and became the first victim of the "Cultural Revolution" at Peking University. Wang Guan graduated from the History Department of Tsinghua University in his early years, and later was admitted to the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University in Kunming, where he studied as a graduate student under Chen Yinke. In June 1940, Chen Yinke was hired by Oxford University to leave Kunming and go to Hong Kong to give lectures in the UK. Wang was also under the guidance of Zheng Tianting, and then moved to Lizhuang Lizhuang with the Institute of History and Philology. Zhang Zhenghong, Ren Jiyu, Lu Qinli, Yang Zhijiu and Fu Sinian Nephew Fu Lehuan and others lived together in Lizhuang for six years.During the period of studying and doing research, enjoy a monthly subsidy of 30 yuan specially wholesaled by Fu Sinian.According to the memory of Zhou Fagao, a classmate who lived with Wang in Lizhuang at that time: "Wang Zhen and the next graduate student Wang Yongxing both studied Chinese history in the middle ages under the guidance of Mr. Chen Yinke. Research on Matriarchal Genealogy." Regarding Wang's study and living conditions in Kunming and Lizhuang, Zhou Fagao commented: "Wang Yan is very smart, but he has no perseverance and patience in reading. Sometimes he does not read for many days, and sometimes he burns lights for many days. Read. This kind of habit of living indiscriminately and resting from time to time is not suitable for heavy academic research. It is said: "Scholars must be ambitious, and the responsibilities are heavy and the road is long." Gu Yanwu's poem said: "There is no need to worry about the sunset when the road is far away." 'Mr. Hu Shi often mentioned this poem in his later years, which means: don’t worry about the old age, the distance is far away, as long as you have wisdom, perseverance and perseverance, you can keep moving forward to complete the great cause. Wang Zhen belongs to the wisdom type, and lacks Perseverance, I rarely saw his works published later. However, because of his intelligence, erudition and eloquence, he is still a professor at the Northern University, and he may be very popular. In front of some university textbooks on Chinese history, I sometimes see him Listed among the collective editors. In 1954, the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to invite Mr. Chen Yinke from Lingnan University in Guangzhou to Beiping as the director of the Second Institute of History, and he sent Wang Jian there. Mr. Chen was not hired later. "

What Zhou Fagao said is generally not bad. As far as Wang's talent is concerned, he is still a rare talent among people, but the word "heng" is missing. This statement is supported by materials. On February 6, 1942, Zheng Tianting sent a letter to Fu Sinian to ask for opinions on Wang Guan's stay at the school: Wang Guan is very smart and has a good foundation.But life is not very regular. When studying, you may stay up all night, and when you are not studying, you may not read for several days, so the thesis is not yet finished.My brother personally feels that there is hope for his future. Mr. Tang (Yong Tong) in the foreword wants to stay at Peking University after graduation.

To Zheng Tianting's disappointment, after returning to Nanjing from Lizhuang with the Institute of History and Philology, Wang Zhen did not stay at the Institute of History and Philology, nor did he enter Peking University, but went to Jilin Changbai Normal School to teach.It is not known whether Fu Sinian also felt the same way as Zhou Fagao or there were other complicated reasons why he did not keep Wang.It is well-documented that Wang Guan felt extremely uncomfortable with the severe cold in the north, and kept writing to Zheng Tianting to complain for help, hoping that his tutor would "help the students" and let him return to Peking University. On April 9, 1947, Wang wrote in a letter to Zheng Tianting: "Since I came to Jilin, it will be ten days in an instant....It is extremely cold outside the customs, especially in winter, often around minus 30 degrees, and sometimes even to Thirty-eight degrees below zero...It is also a common sight to see solid ice....Although the fireplace is lit, it is still not immune to [the attack of the extreme cold]." Then he said that the hectic teaching work and the boring life, "I feel exhausted physically and mentally, and my spirit is completely exhausted, so I spend a lot of time studying and improving. If things go on like this, my heart will be lonely and ignorant, and I can't recover. I would rather not be sad?! Therefore, I hope that my teacher will help me when I have the opportunity. "Finally, it is particularly emphasized that "name and treatment are irrelevant."

While Zheng Tianting was trying to find ways for Wang Guan to return to Peking University, Wang really couldn't bear the life of Changbai Teachers College and packed up his bags and wanted to leave on his own.When he learned that Chen Yinke had returned to teach at Tsinghua University in Peking, he came to Chen Yinke's home alone to be Chen's assistant with his inherent personality and special way of reading and doing things without being hired by any institution.Chen Yinke saw that the former disciple was so reckless, naive and sincere, out of sympathy and love, he kept Wang's family and assisted Chen's writing together with Wang Yongxing, a disciple seconded from Peking University.Half a year later, after Chen Yinke communicated with Zheng Tianting, Fu Sinian, and Hu Shi, in order to take care of Chen's face and Zheng Tianting and others' concerns, Peking University decided to hire Wang Guan as an associate professor and continue to be Chen's assistant in this name.Therefore, in the not too long historical period before Chen Yinke flew south, Wang Guan became a special person serving Tsinghua tutors with a salary from Peking University.For more than two years, Wang Guan lived and ate at his teacher's house, and stayed with Chen Yinke day and night.And his life experience is also similar to that of his mentor. He got married when he was nearly forty years old and settled a simple home in Beijing.

In the last two years that history bestowed upon the pair of teachers and students, Wang Zhen obviously worked a lot harder than he did in Kunming and Lizhuang, and got the true inheritance of Chen's method of governing history.During this period, Wang Guan not only assisted Chen Yinke in writing, revising and correcting manuscripts, but also put forward his own opinions, which were accepted and adopted by Chen.Although in the next few years, as his classmate Zhou Fagao said, Wang did not publish too many research papers, but it is also a fact that his academic status in the field of Sui and Tang history research in the Chinese historian circle has attracted more and more attention and respect from his peers. .According to biographer Lu Jiandong, the only "reasonable explanation for this fact is that most of the few papers published by Wang Zhen are original."It is said that later Wang also began to concentrate on his studies and was ready to achieve a great career. Unfortunately, the time was not waiting for us, and the "Cultural Revolution" came unexpectedly.Some people say that if Wang Zhen hadn't committed suicide in the middle of his life, his academic attainments and achievements would not be comparable to those of Zhou Fa's seniors who think highly of themselves on the isolated island of Taiwan.It is a pity that there is no holiday, and Wang died young, which added another tragedy to the Chinese historians who have no successors.

At the end of 1948, when Chen Yinke and Hu Shi hurriedly left Beiping to go south, the young Wang Zhen was not included in the list of "rescue scholars" drawn up by Fu Sinian and stayed.Of course, even if there is Wang's name on the list, he will part ways with his mentor and resolutely go his way of Yangguan after his thoughts have changed drastically.Wang Jian, who stayed at Peking University, soon became a trusted figure of the CCP and the darling of the new era. He joined the Communist Party of China in February 1952. In the second year, he was recommended as a shining star among the teaching staff of Peking University. He went to Beijing Marxist-Leninist College (the predecessor of the Central Party School) to study on the job, and soon became a sincere follower of Marxism and a promising reserve leader of the CCP.

In October 1953, the Historical Research Committee headed by Chen Boda, a well-known great talent during the Yan’an period of the Communist Party of China, made several important decisions: to establish two more historical research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences as soon as possible; to establish a journal representing the highest level of historical research in the new era The purpose of "Historical Research" is to establish the leading position of Marxism-Leninism in historical research, so as to better educate the masses, and let the people in the mainland under the actual control of the CCP get on the track of Marxism-Leninism as soon as possible.After the plan was reported, it was praised by high-level figures, and the famous talented Chen Boda was so happy that he could not sleep for three days and three nights.Two months later, Guo Moruo wrote an article in the inaugural issue of "Historical Research", claiming: "Learn and apply the standpoint, viewpoint and method of Marxism-Leninism, and seriously study Chinese history", in order to welcome the coming new climax of cultural construction and so on.Due to the close attention of the upper echelons of the CCP, such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others, who issued some edicts from time to time, Chen Boda and Guo Moruo did not dare to ignore the existence of Chen Yinke who lived in the southwest corner and was thousands of miles away.In view of Chen's illustrious reputation in the academic world and his status as an unshakable academic master, Chen, Guo, etc. made the following arrangements in the proposed list of directors of the Institute of History: Guo Moruo, Chen Yinke, and Fan Wenlan, respectively. Director of the first institute (Institute of Ancient History), the second institute (Institute of Medieval History), and the third institute (Institute of Modern History).

This list was quickly approved by the highest authority Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, etc., but in terms of Chen Yinke's character and the "independent spirit" he always advocated, whether he could return to the north and take up the post of director, became the operator for a while. Grasp, quite a headache. When Chen Yinke left Beiping and flew south, according to his self-report, it was mostly because he was afraid of the cold in the north, which was more suitable for the southern climate, or because he was afraid that the Communist Party would come, so he could only eat millet, or could not buy the most important food for his severe insomnia. Imported sleeping pills and so on.However, according to Pujiang Qingri’s records: Chen Yinke had intended to go south for a long time before. “Last time, I proposed to recruit Sun Shucheng for my colleagues in the department. I went to see him and asked for his opinion. Mr. Chen said that the current situation is very dangerous. It is inappropriate to propose at this time. Although he is blind, he is willing to leave immediately if he has the opportunity. Of course, Tsinghua University will be disbanded. Of course, it is impossible to relocate, and no one dares to raise it publicly. Some people want to leave secretly." He added: "I told him that they are all Chinese, and Chinese communists may not necessarily be Russian communists. The school is a group. If most people don't leave, it can be safe and avoid loss and destruction. He thinks my view is an illusion. " Chen Yinke did not heed Pu Jiangqing's naive advice, and resolutely flew south to "avoid Qin".But what Chen didn't expect was that with the defeat of the Kuomintang, the fact that China would reappear in the Southern and Northern Dynasties that he had expected before had come to naught. The Kuomintang's territory was only Taiwan, which was separated by a strait.At this time, Fu Sinian, who was ordered to preside over the Institute of History and Philology and National Taiwan University, wrote to Chen Yinke several times, asking him to go to Taiwan to work at the Institute of History and Philology and National Taiwan University.Chen Yinke was complicated and hesitant, and never responded to this old friend's invitation.Chen's state of mind and real thoughts at that time are difficult for later researchers to know. The only thing that can be inferred from the historical context and Chen's personality is that if Chen Yinke responded to Fu Sinian's call and boarded the ship to Taiwan, once the isolated island fell, the whole family would be destroyed. How do you deal with yourself?How can it be embarrassing to fall into the hands of the military and political personnel of the CCP who appeared as "liberators"?In fact, Yang Wuzhi, a professor of Mathematics at Tsinghua University who flew south with Mei Yiqi, was also the father of the later Nobel Prize winner Yang Zhenning. After arriving in Nanjing, he transferred to Kunming to pick up his family members to Shanghai to welcome the "liberation".When Tsinghua University was "liberated", the new owner kicked him out of the circle and refused to re-employ him. The reason, of course, was his "crime" of following Mei Yiqi away, and Yang's 16 years of dedicated service in Tsinghua University were also written off.This move greatly stimulated Yang Wuzhi, so he had to stay in Shanghai and teach at Tongji University.After being attacked by people in power at Tsinghua University, such as Wu Han and others, Yang Wuzhi's health quickly collapsed. In 1952, he was transferred to Fudan University to teach.It was not until Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 that Yang Wuzhi attracted the attention of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China. But at this time, Yang was over 60 years old and had retired, so he could not return to Tsinghua University as an in-service professor. dreamed up.The top leaders of the CCP just asked the relevant parties to take care of this, and released Yang Zhenning's father-in-law, General Du Yuming, the frontline commander who was captured in the Huaihai Battle, from prison as an "amnesty" war criminal, in order to show Yang Zhenning some face and the weight to win code.According to Yu Hao, a professor of Tsinghua’s Department of Physics, Yang Zhenning lived in Tsinghua after retiring from the United States. The unfulfilled dream of returning to Tsinghua Garden.Yang Zhenning's return to Tsinghua University from the United States is actually a continuation of Yang Wuzhi's wish. ——Of course, this is all later. As for Yang’s embrace of a 28-year-old beauty Weng Fangui at Tsinghua University at the age of 82, it has nothing to do with Yang Wuzhi’s dream. The fact that Yang Wuzhi was rejected by the upstarts of Tsinghua University was not learned from friends by Chen Yinke, who was flying from Beiping to Nanfei, a year later.At this time, Chen's state of mind was that he felt that the Kuomintang was unreliable, and he was not too cold about the Communist Party.It is precisely because of this series of reasons that Chen Yinke, who lived in Lingnan University, fell into a dilemma again at the last moment of the earth-shattering. In the end, under the psychological influence of "moving is worse than staying still", he waited and watched. Not taking the last step in life.On the other hand, Taiwan's "Academia Sinica" Institute of History and Philology is still waiting for the post of director of the first group. Although Lao Gan was appointed as the agent, it has not been "removed" until Chen Yinke died in 1969, and the colleague of the Institute of History and Philology was Chen. After the commemorative meeting, Lao Gan officially took over the post—this is a kind of expectation, and it is also the respect of colleagues for Chen Yinke's personality and knowledge. After the KMT and the Communist Party officially turned their backs on the mainland, Chen Yinke, who has settled on the campus of Lingnan University, has made up his mind to "eat Nanzhou food from now on, and Tao Shi will be closed in the daytime", don't care about world affairs, and live in Lingnan forever.At this time, not only did he not go to Taiwan ruled by the Kuomintang, he even refused to return to Beijing, the capital of New China.Different from Yang Wuzhi's fate, Chen Yinke's fame is so great that it is inconvenient or dare not for all those in power to treat him as a dispensable black man when the CCP regime has just been established and has not yet established a firm foothold. Football is kicked out of the circle - this is not only an issue of academics and employment systems, but also a political issue about the importance of the country and the country. Therefore, after Tsinghua Park was taken over by the CCP regime, some old students of Chen Yinke, such as Wu Han, who has actually controlled the party and government affairs of Tsinghua University, once co-signed with Ye Qisun, the director of the school affairs committee, to persuade Chen to return to Tsinghua University, but none of them worked. . On October 25, 1949, Chen Yinke sent a letter to Ye Qisun and Wu Han, stating the reasons for not being able to return to the north as ordered: Qi Sun Chunhan two brothers learn from each other: I was ordered by the telegram to return to the school to teach, and I immediately replied to the telegram. The text said: I will return because of difficulties in Lingnan University, and the letter is detailed.I would like to have reached this letter first.The so-called relationship between Lingnan University in the telegram is that my younger brother’s salary at Lingnan University is based on soliciting donations from overseas Chinese. The Lingnan University party once told the donor that my younger brother will not go anywhere during the engagement contract.When my old brother accepted his one-year engagement contract this summer, he had already agreed to this point, so as not to let Lingnan lose its trust. This is the biggest reason why this brother can't return immediately.In addition, the bitter cold in the north, coal stove equipment, etc., cost a lot of money. At this time, the cold protection tools in the north may be even more difficult than before.The second youngest daughter, Xiao Peng, has been admitted to Lingnan Agricultural College this summer. According to Lingnan regulations, the tuition and miscellaneous fees for each student are very huge, which is about several hundred dollars, but the children of teachers can be given preferential treatment.If the younger brother goes away and the younger daughter cannot transfer to another school, it will be quite difficult, and this is another small reason.At the time of this war, I have been grateful to all my friends, and my gratitude is beyond words.If you really have difficulties, you will return if you fail to follow orders, and those who think you can learn from the original.In a hurry, I will give you a reply, and I will praise my research and welfare. Respectfully, brother Yin Ke, on October 20th, all friends Zhisheng, Bo Lun, Xinheng, Yiliang, Yongxing brothers, etc. in the school are not alone, or this letter is handed over to them for reading.Request for instructions: No. 13, Southeast District of Lingnan University Not long after Chen Yinke clearly rejected the invitation of Ye and Wu, the newly established Chinese Academy of Sciences sent an invitation message to Chen.According to Liang Chengye, the son of Liang Fangzhong, in 1952, Tao Menghe, who was the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the time, wrote to Liang Fangzhong, who was teaching at Lingnan University at the time, to discuss the transfer of Liang’s family to the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (South Press: Liang’s 1949 1 In order to take care of his sick grandparents, he left the Institute of Sociology chaired by Tao Menghe and returned to Guangzhou to teach in the Department of Economics and Business of Lingnan University), and mentioned, "How is Mr. Chen Yinke doing now? The Academy of Sciences planned to invite him to Beijing to preside over historical research , so far no results. Please make an inquiry (preferably not through others), and explain the intention of the Academy of Sciences to borrow. Please investigate whether Mr. Chen has any problems with Lingnan." From this we can see that Dow As the leader of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, I asked Liang Fangzhong to convey his invitation to Chen to go north.The "year before" in the letter refers to around 1950.The intention of the invitation is to let Chen Yinke be the director of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (not one of the three later institutes) to be established. After Liang Fangzhong received the letter, he followed Tao Menghe's instructions and conveyed it to Chen Yinke. Chen asked Liang Fangzhong to reply to Tao, saying that he had no intention of going north, and recommended that he graduated from the Academy of Chinese Studies of Tsinghua University in 1926. Xu Zhongshu of Peking University "represented himself".Chen's opinion of recommending Xu was not accepted later, and Chen also stayed in Lingnan and refused to return to the north, and wrote a poem "Gengyin Renren Day" to show his aspirations.The last four lines of the poem are: "Returning to the north, the heart will eventually be timid, and the long-term taste of southern cooking is depressing. It is also troublesome to search for poems at home. It is better to close your eyes and send your life away." Regarding the real internal reason for Chen Yinke's refusal to return to the north, some researchers said that the word "wei" in Chen's letter to Ye Qisun and Wu Han expressed his psychology and feelings in spirit and form. "Fear of the cold" is naturally a reason to evade. When Chen Yinke was a tutor at Tsinghua Research Institute, he still lived freely. How could there be any reason for "fear of the cold"?And "fear of people" is a true portrayal of his heart.This inference is generally not bad. Chen Yinke's poem "Advising Bei Ke to be timid at the end of his heart" also clearly reveals this situation. Said mundane things like school "fundraising" and kids going to school.Many years later, in his memoirs, Zhao Lisheng, a historian who was born in Tsinghua University, mentioned that when the famous Creation Society Xiao was about to become Fangwu, there was such a description involving Chen Yinke: North China University was reorganized from the merger of Northern University in Xingtai, headed by Fan Wenlan, and North China Revolutionary University in Zhangjiakou, headed by Cheng Fangwu.After the reorganization, Fan and Cheng served as the vice principals, and Wu Yuzhang, who was more respected, served as the principal. ...Cheng Fangwu, he is a stubborn old man. The talent of translating French and German poetry and prose during the "Creation Society" period has disappeared. All that remains is to scold the "Literary Research Association" and Mao Dun "why" A group of ghosts".I also find it strange that in the 1930s I had contacts in the literary and art circles, all of whom were members of the "Literary Research Association", such as Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao, Mao Dun, Wang Tongzhao, etc., and Guo Moruo and Cheng Fangwu of the "Creation Society". But it has always been "not conspiring with each other"... One day, a medium-sized military jeep drove from Pingshan and drove straight to the gate of Principal Wu on the cross street of the elementary school.Getting out of the car was Zhou Yang, the deputy head of the Central Propaganda Department.This is an order from the central government that Peiping is about to be peacefully liberated. After entering the city, it will take over the tasks of colleges and universities and cultural departments, and hand them over to North China University.Ask everyone to organize a discussion ... the discussion has been very lively. One day, it was discussed that all teachers in colleges and universities in Beiping should report to the Cultural Management Committee of the Military Control Commission and register.Some people advocate that regardless of age, all must come to report in person.So some people said, for example, like Chen Yinke, whose eyesight is blurred and his body is very weak, it is enough for a family member or friend to report instead.At this time, Vice President Cheng Fangwu spoke in loud Hunan dialect.He said, "Bourgeois intellectuals who report to the revolutionary organs led by the proletariat and register must come in person, in person, and cannot be replaced by others, because..." He especially raised his voice and said, "This is an attitude. question!" His high-pitched Hunan dialect sounds particularly harsh.There was no sound at the venue.There was a lot going on inside me at the time.I think, this is to regard oneself as a conqueror and the intellectuals as the conquered, and ask them to "accept surrender" and hold a surrender ceremony at the gate of the Cultural Management Committee, right?I also thought, as the leader of the Communist Party, why did the three senior generals in Henan come to visit us? So the sick and disabled also have to report in person? So, I spoke. I said, let me say something off topic.I have read some biographies of Lenin.After the October Revolution, Russian intellectuals were much more vicious and arrogant than Chinese intellectuals. Like Pavlov, he kept calling the Bolsheviks "the bandits".But what about Lenin?He came to visit Pavlov every few days with black bread and black caviar.He scolded, but Lenin did not arrest him, nor did he quarrel with him, but patiently waited for him to change his mind and work for the Soviet Republic.I said: "I think all of this is worth learning for all of us." If I only talked about this point, everything would be fine, but I raised my voice and said: "It is especially worth learning for the principal!" This sentence can poke the hornet's nest.At that time in the venue, there was still silence, no one refuted, no one expressed sympathy.Decades later, when I met Comrade Li Helin again in Beijing, he still had a fresh memory of this incident. He held my hand affectionately and said to the people next to him: "In that kind of scene, speaking of that passage , but it takes courage." I said, "You also need to accept punishment." He said: "I heard that you were demoted to Shandong for a year. However, it's good if you didn't go to Beiping at that time. There are all kinds of things in there, and you can't handle it." Three days after that speech, I received a notice of transfer from North China University.The notice said that now that Shandong has been liberated, the Shandong branch sent a letter requesting Huada to provide support for cadres.Comrade Zhao Lisheng is from Shandong, so he should support Sangzi... and so on.After reading the official document, I said to my wife, "I have been fired." Chen Yinke may not know all that Zhao Lisheng said, but he is more sensitive to politics and personnel affairs, and he can feel the cold and heat of the times from the floating air. With Chen's character and thinking, he is unwilling to be a "conquered "It is inevitable to return to the north to "surrender".In this regard, Feng Youlan, who has been a colleague of Chen Yinke for decades at Tsinghua University, once cited the allusions of Yu Yue's meeting to lead to the foundation of Chen Yinke's academic thought.Back then, Yu Yue, a talented scholar from Deqing County, Huzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (according to the south: the great-grandfather of Yu Pingbo, a red scholar), Daoguang Gengxu Jinshi, changed to a good scholar, and used the sentence "Luohuachun is still there" in his re-examination poem, which was appreciated by Zeng Guofan and closed the museum. Professor of editing, Yu Yue lived in "Chunzaitang" because of his name, and wrote the 500-volume academic masterpiece "The Complete Works of Chunzaitang". According to Feng Youlan's interpretation, the reason why Zeng Guofan appreciates this line of poem is not only that it is a good line of nostalgia for the situation, but also has other feelings, that is, "Western learning is for practical use".There must be a lot of Western learning occupying the territory of middle schools, which is also called "falling flowers".But "middle school is the body", it means "spring is still there".Chen Yinke once said that he "confined his thoughts to the age of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, and talked about the Nanpi of Xiangxiang." Xiangxiang (Zeng Guofan) believed that the chaos of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was a "singular change" in the famous religion.The so-called Mingjiao, in its broadest sense, is traditional Chinese culture. The Hongyang Rebellion was to destroy Chinese traditional culture with Western Christian culture. The struggle between Zeng Guofan and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was the struggle between Mingjiao and anti Mingjiao.Zeng himself also advocated the introduction of Western culture and science and technology, but to make it serve Chinese culture, that is, the main body of the "Tongzhi Restoration".And Nanpi (Zhang Zhidong) further developed this idea and summarized it in eight words, that is, "Chinese learning is for the body, and Western learning is for application". ——This is what Chen Yinke said about "between Xiangxiang and Nanpi".Poetry has no meaning, and Yu Yue's poem "the flowers fall and the spring is still there" can be regarded as an allegory of "Chinese learning is the style, and Western learning is practical". From Yu Yue's poems and Zeng Xiangxiang's and Zhang Nanpi's thoughts all the way down, there is Wang Guowei and Chen Yinke's heart when a kind of cultural value declines, "people transformed by this culture must feel pain" As a result, at the time of social upheaval and revolution, Wang and Chen, one sank down, and the other suddenly left.According to this, Feng Youlan believes: "Mr. Jing'an heard that the National Revolutionary Army was coming to Beijing, and thought that the flowers would fall and the meaning of spring would die. He couldn't bear to see the death of spring, so he sank into the water and ignored it. Mr. Yin Ke saw that the People's Liberation Army had arrived in Beijing. I also think that the flowers fall and the spring will die. So I leave suddenly, and I often go there and never return. The meaning is also the same. What is the one? Benevolence. Love the country, love the nation, love the culture, and this unbearable heart arises from it. Unbearable is benevolence. Confucius disciples asked Confucius: "Bo Yi and Shu Qi complain?" Confucius replied: "Seeking benevolence and gaining benevolence, so why complain." Mr. Jing'an and Mr. Yinke are the barbarians in contemporary culture Also." Feng's words, in a sense, can be said to be Chen Yinke's sudden and difficult theory.