Chapter 24 The death of Wu Jinding in the first section

The mountains collapsed and the tombs protruded. When Hu Shi, Mei Yiqi, Zhu Jiahua, Fu Sinian, Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, Ling Chunsheng, Rui Yifu, Shi Zhangru and other academic figures, together with Jiang Menglin, Jiang Tingfu, Luo Jialun, Ye Gongchao, Pu Xuefeng, Zhang Qiyun and other scholars and politicians, successively After leaving the United States and Taiwan, with the disintegration of the Kuomintang ruling group, the scholars who did not respond to the "rescue scholars" plan and insisted on staying, started a new round of life as the five-star red flag was planted all over the land of China.

When the Kuomintang retreated and some personnel from the Academia Sinica and the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum hurriedly evacuated Nanjing and Shanghai, a few people related to it quietly stayed behind in the century-old situation of loss of control, chaos, and escape. They are Liang Siyong, Ding Shengshu, Xia Nai, Guo Baojun, Zeng Zhaoyu, Wang Zhenduo, Lu Qinli and others.According to what Wang Zhenduo later told others, before Fu Sinian left, he repeatedly urged Wang to go to Taiwan with him, but Wang refused on the grounds that his eight-year-old daughter needed to be taken care of.Fu was helpless, so he presented a famous British brand 3B pipe and a Panama hat that looked like Mao Zedong's to Chongqing when he went to Chongqing for negotiations as souvenirs, and said at the same time: "It's okay to stay, the Communist Party will Reuse yours!" It seemed to be mocking.

Liang Siyong was recuperating at his home in Beiping at that time, and he could no longer travel far. Even if he wanted to retreat with the main force of Shiyu, he would have more than enough energy.Zeng Zhaoyue, who presided over the actual affairs of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum at that time, expressed his resolute refusal to go to Taiwan due to multiple concerns.In the face of repeated urging by Zhu Jiahua, Fu Sinian and others, it is said that Ding Shengshu’s bookcases and other things had already arrived in Taiwan, but he did not cross the sea because of his wife’s firm objection. "Dictionary" and other large-scale language reference books. Afterwards, generations of people in mainland China have formed an indissoluble bond with this classic book. It is just that there are very few people who know why Ding Shengshu is. I don't know whether it is the ruthlessness of history or the misfortune of Ding. ?At that time, Guo Baojun, who had been transferred from the Preparatory Office of Zhongbo Museum to the Institute of History and Language, recalled that when Fu Sinian was excavating the Yin Ruins, he deliberately "wowled" in English and had a conversation with himself, a local scholar who did not understand English at all. The idea of ​​taking advantage of the chaos to get rid of Fu Sinian and Shi Yu and find another way of life came up.Later, someone said that all the staff of the Institute of History and Philology were mobilized to Taiwan by Fu Sinian, but Guo Baojun was not mobilized.Regarding this rumor, Shi Xingbang, a researcher at the Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained decades later that Guo was also mobilized by Fu at that time, but Guo looked around for a while and couldn't make up his mind. The extraordinary Xia Nai said to Guo without hesitation: "We don't want to go, we still have a future, and we have a lot of things to do." I have said it several times, Xia Nai was present at the time, and based on Guo's character and words and deeds, there is no need to lie, which shows that the rumors from the outside world are not true.

In 1980, Zhang Guang, a professor and head of the Department of Anthropology at Harvard University, visited mainland China, during which he had a conversation with Xia Nai, then director of the Institute of Archeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.As Li Ji's favorite student, Xia confessed his heart to Zhang during the conversation, and told him the general experience of his life.Zhang had such a record in his notebook: In 1947, Fu went to the United States and asked Xia Zuo, the director, to agree after three chapters. (1) Not to be set as a follow-up example; (2) Only for one year; (3) If you offend someone after committing a crime, you are allowed to leave the house.

Resigned in 1948.Afraid of Fu Yanming's director, he did not go to Taiwan with him.At the same time, we are not afraid of communism. This record was transcribed and publicly disclosed by Chen Xingcan, a young archaeologist who went to Harvard to study in the United States from the mainland.According to Chen Xingcan, "When Fu Sinian went to the United States for medical treatment, Xia Nai, who was under 40 years old, acted as the director. This is well known, but few people know about the "three chapters of the contract". I don't think so. There will be no text left, because this was originally a tacit understanding between him and Fu Sinian, so this text has high documentary value for understanding the situation of the Institute of Historical and Linguistics from 1947 to 1948. Fu Sinian's regard for Xia Nai and Xia Nai's respect for Fu Sinian have been revealed in the archives released in recent years, which is why Xia Nai made the "three chapters of the law". However, Xia Nai's refusal to leave the mainland is interpreted as fear that Fu Sinian will send him again. For his errand, I don’t know whether it was Xia’s real thoughts or Zhang’s record was wrong. Because this kind of explanation is too simple and not logical.”

In this regard, Chen Xingcan analyzed and believed: "Xia Nai is full of knowledge, and needs to find an opportunity to display it. Before 1949, although he participated in several surveys and excavations in the Northwest and Southwest, the published papers initially laid the foundation for His academic status, but the accumulated materials are limited after all, and he did not participate in the data collation and research of Yin Ruins, so his political inclinations are ruled out, but from the perspective of academic prospects, it is reasonable for him not to go to Taiwan. It is said that Mr. Wang Zhenduo, an old friend of Xia Nai and a historian of scientific and technological archaeology, was also unwilling to move to Taiwan with Fu Sinian. Fu's persuasion was ineffective, so he gave them his pipe and travel cap as souvenirs, and said affectionately: "It's good to stay, the Communist Party I will use you again!' This may be the footnote of Zhang Guangzhi's so-called 'not afraid of communism at the same time' in Zhang Guangzhi's notes."

Chen’s suspicion and analysis have their own reasons. Judging from the published Fu Sinian archives and other related materials, it is true that Fu asked Xia Nai to move to Taiwan when the land sank in 1948, but he did not see that it was true that Xia Nai was sent to Taiwan to serve as a historian. The words and signs of the director, and in fact, it is impossible for Xia to take on the heavy responsibility of the director in such a chaotic situation.If Xia is the director, what arrangements will Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, Ling Chunsheng, Rui Yifu and other big names make?How do people remember it?How does the work unfold?How does Fu Sinian deal with himself?After all, being cramped in a corner is different from being in the mainland, and the director is not an agent, but wants to "remove", that is, formally control a certain territory.In fact, after arriving in Taiwan, there was a secret rivalry between Li Ji and Dong Zuobin, the final breakup and life-and-death struggle between Ling Chunsheng and Rui Yifu, and Ling alone started an independent ethnic research institute. Li Ji and others didn't support it, which resulted in Ling's name being empty and unable to work... These and other examples can prove that Fu Sinian would not do this, and it can also be inferred that this statement can only be Xia Nai's wishful thinking, or just guessing out of thin air.What needs to be added to Chen Xingcan's reasoning is that although Xia Nai is a large-scale "sea turtle" with extraordinary talent, wisdom, and extensive knowledge, if he arrives in Taiwan, he can do his own work on this isolated island. It may be to face the pile of artifacts unearthed in the Yin Ruins of Anyang, and study them in a rudimentary manner.As for the field excavation of this pile of artifacts, Xia Nai, who was an intern at the time, only participated in a little bit, and the excavations were all small tombs (in Xia Nai's language). The specific situation of the unearthed cultural relics is almost completely unknown, so naturally there are irreparable congenital deficiencies and limitations in the research.More importantly, Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, Shi Zhangru, Gao Quxun, etc. have personally participated in the excavation of several high mountains standing tall. If they want to stand out with the research of this pile of artifacts, they may even reach the state of being better than blue. , It is almost difficult to reach the blue sky-this point can still be recognized by most of the archaeological colleagues on both sides of the Taiwan Strait many years later.

Even if the outstanding Xia Nai is like this, the academic future of Guo Baojun, a soil scholar who smells like soil and is despised by the "sea turtles", can be imagined.And once they stay on the mainland, they will face the realm where the mountains will collapse and the hills and graves will rise at the same time.On the new commanding heights, Xia, Guo and others look at the academic world as a flat river, unmatched by anyone. Their bright prospects can be described as the sea is wide and the sky is high, and the scenery is infinitely good.The dialogue between Xia Nai and Guo Baojun back then can be described as a pun.As far as the foreseeable situation is concerned, it is wise for Xia Nai and Guo Baojun to stay in the mainland since they can only choose between the mainland and Taiwan, where the KMT and the Communist Party are divided, regardless of their personal political destiny or academic future.It was also following Xia Nai's highly strategic and forward-looking advice that Guo Baojun made up his mind to stay at the chaotic moment at the end of 1948 to welcome the arrival of a new era.After the brilliant Xia Nai made up his mind, he also quietly returned to his hometown of Wenzhou amidst the chaos, watching the current situation quietly and waiting for a turning point in his fate.Before leaving Nanjing, the last thing Xia Nai did was to write a memorial article for his friend Wu Jinding and make it public.

After Wu Jinding joined the army in Lizhuang, he joined the Xinjin Allied Forces Second Recruitment Office in Chengdu, Sichuan as the reception director. The reason why the military asked Wu to take up this post was because he was a "sea turtle" who had studied abroad and could speak foreign languages ​​and dialects. It is not under his words, and the reception work cannot be done without someone with such ability. Wu's foreign language and dialect are just in handy.But Wu was born as a scholar. He is shy by nature and doesn't like to deal with people. He also has a stubborn temper unique to Shandong people. erase.At this time, the behavior of American soldiers on Chinese soil has gradually made people feel disappointed and disgusted.After the outbreak of the Pacific War, a large number of British and American Allied forces stationed in the rear of Chengdu and Chongqing. In 1944, after the Japanese army completed the "No. 1 Operation Plan" and opened up the mainland communication line, more than 20,000 Allied soldiers entered China.Regarding the living conditions of the Allied forces in China, the book "Cambridge History of the Republic of China" wrote: The cost of one American soldier in China is worth the cost of 500 Chinese soldiers.Kong Xiangxi once complained to American officials: "In China, your children need 6 eggs a day, but now it is reduced to 4.... In order to supply meat, we bring you cattle to eat... Soon there will be no eggs. The livestock stayed to help the farmers plow their fields." According to an American expert's inspection of 1,200 Chinese soldiers, it was found that 57% of the Chinese soldiers were malnourished.Under such difficult and difficult conditions, the officers and soldiers of the Allied Army ate the cattle of the Chinese people, and they became sexually aroused and showed mercy everywhere.In this regard, Jiangxi scholar Liao Zuoqi once made such a description: "'Food, sex and sexuality', the solution to the 'sex' problem of these big brothers in the US military, initially fell on the head of the director-general of the Lizhi Club, Huang Renlin. At the beginning, there were not many people. , Huang Renlin built a two-story "Victory Building" on a small piece of flat land below Qixinggang in Chongqing City. , can only supply part of the middle and high-ranking officers. And what about the soldiers? Let them develop freely and let some prostitutes take up this task. had given birth to mixed-race children, married couples divorced), and a very small number of female college students also joined the ranks. At that time, I often saw the US military driving a jeep, sitting next to a girl with heavy makeup and gorgeous flowers, joking and laughing, and some of them could not speak English. , and gesturing, these were ridiculed by the citizens as 'jeep girls', and became a spectacle on the streets at that time." He also said: "On the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in the 34th year, a church-run Huaxi Dam took place in Huaxi Dam, Chengdu. The incident of university students destroying a certain newspaper in Chengdu was caused by the newspaper slightly changing a poem written by Zhongxu Zhang Sheng when he went to Yingying for a date, in order to satirize the fact that a few girls in the school also acted as 'jeep girls'."

The original sentence written by Wang Shifu is: Waiting for the moon to be under the west chamber, the windward door is half open. The moon moves and the shadow of the flowers moves, and it is suspected that it is the jade man. However, the editor of the newspaper took advantage of the topic and changed the poem to: Waiting for the moon to be under the west chamber, half open the windward legs. The moon moves and the flowers move, and it is suspected that it is a beauty. Such a nasty and blatant satire on the transaction between the US military and Chinese female college students will naturally cause trouble.It's just that after the troubles, the newspaper office opened as usual, and the "beauty" continued to look for the flower girl to make her "half her legs against the wind". Young Chinese men take it seriously, and they don't understand the pain in the Chinese people's hearts when they face such a predicament.The rampage of American soldiers has aroused the disgust, indignation and even hatred of Chinese people with national cultural conscience.Hu Houxuan, who sneaked from the Kunming Institute of History and Philology to the Institute of Chinese Studies of Qilu University in Chengdu, mentioned this period of life during the Anti-Japanese War in the ideological reform movement after the founding of New China, saying that "because of the construction of an American airport in Xinjin, Chengdu was flooded with U.S. troops. , generating hatred".Since Hu Houxuan, who is hiding in a quiet place and doing academic research, has such feelings and hostility, Wu Jinding, who deals with Yankees every day and takes the responsibility of receiving them, is quite bloody in the face of American generals and soldiers. The grievance and pain in his heart for the taciturn man can be imagined.Chen Yinke, who was teaching at Yanda University in Chengdu at that time, expressed the sadness in his poem "Ode to Huaxi Dam in Chengdu", "Who knows that all countries are happy together, but in the broken mountains and rivers", it is precisely the Chinese nation's free intellectuals with cultural conscience who worry about the country. The weeping and mourning of the people.

During the days of serving at Xinjin Airport, Wu Jinding often felt insomnia, headaches, sleepless nights, low spirits, and fell into a sense of sadness that he couldn't extricate himself from.In order to resolve the depression in his heart, Wu used his position and power to drink some free foreign beer that only Yankees could enjoy.After several bottles of beer that smelled of acetic acid were poured into his stomach, Wu Jinding, who didn't drink much, fell to the ground again, screaming and vomiting. Looking forward to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War with great difficulty, Wu Jinding finally got rid of the Allied guest house that looked like a devil's den to him, and returned to the academic world.It's just that he didn't return to Lizhuang, which made him sad, but transferred to his alma mater, Qilu University, which is still in Huaxiba, Chengdu. In March 1946, as a celebrity in the education circle and one of the representatives of Qilu University, Wu Jinding went to Chongqing to participate in the demobilization meeting of universities across the country convened by the Ministry of Education, and then returned to Jinan with Qilu University to preside over the demobilization of the school and served as the principal's office. Secretary of Western Languages, Dean of the School Motto, Dean of Literature, Director of the Institute of Chinese Studies, Professor of History and Director of the Library, etc., he never had the opportunity to engage in the field excavation work that he loved all his life until his death. In the summer and autumn of 1948, Wu Jinding went to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for treatment due to gastric cancer. At this time, he was already terminally ill. On September 18, Wu Jinding left his wife Wang Jiechen, who was in tears and distraught, and passed away at Qilu University at the age of 48. It was already October 28 when this unfortunate news reached the ears of the personnel of the Nanjing Institute of History and Philology.At this time, the capital of the Nationalist Government was already in turmoil, and the grass and trees were full of soldiers, and the staff of the Institute of History and Philology were packing up and fleeing in a hurry.Xia Nai was alone in a small room in the Beiji Pavilion, thinking about Wu Jinding's death, thinking about the time lost in the past, and the association and friendship between Wu and his wife, and she couldn't help crying.In a chaotic night where people shouted and horses shouted, he wrote the following text for his friend with a sad and desolate mood under the dim light: The news of Mr. Wu Yuming (Jin Ding)'s death today is not only a loss of a rare good friend among our friends, but also a great loss to the Chinese archaeological community.In today's Chinese archaeological circles, there are only a dozen scholars who can really endure hardships, are willing to go to the field to do excavation work, have both rich field experience and sufficient archaeological knowledge.Just feeling the lack of talents, and now, one of the ten or so is weak. At the end of the eulogy, Xia Nai wrote affectionately: When talking about Mr. Wu's career, Mrs. Wu cannot fail to mention Mrs. Wu...It is common for couples to do field archaeological work together abroad, but in China, where everything is backward, Mr. Wu and his wife are still the first couple.The grief of Mrs. Wu's passing away this time can be imagined.I heard that Mrs. Wu is still in Jinan City, taking care of Mr. Wu's funeral.I rushed to write this article on this desolate and rainy night, on the one hand to mourn Mr. Wu, and on the other hand to express my condolences to Mrs. Wu.In addition to mourning Mr. Wu, we hope that this chaotic situation will be clarified as soon as possible, so that we can inherit Mr. Wu's legacy and open up a new world of Chinese field archeology! Wu Jinding left quietly, and Xia Nai's dream soon came true. At the end of 1950, he was invited to come to Beijing from his hometown in Wenzhou to serve as the deputy director of the newly established Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Under the leadership of Guo Moruo and Zheng Zhenduo, he, together with Liang Siyong and Guo Baojun, "opened up a new world of Chinese field archeology" .It's just that the good times didn't last long, and Liang Siyong passed away.