When the sages and scholars who participated in the meeting of Academia Sinica were worried about the suffering caused by the continuous civil war, wandering in the mountains and swamps, lamenting the heavens without any effect, there was another story on the battlefield where the artillery roared and the heads rolled around. Another sad news of the defeat of the Kuomintang army: On September 12, 1948, the Northeast Field Army under the command of General Lin Biao of the Communist Party of China launched an offensive against the Lihuang Department of the Kuomintang Army in the west of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, and Changchun. This is known as the Liaoshen Campaign in history.In this campaign, the Northeast Field Army annihilated and captured more than 470,000 Kuomintang troops at a cost of 69,000 casualties, and seized a large number of American-made weapons and equipment.After this battle, the Kuomintang army was seriously injured and completely embarked on the road of decline and retreat.

On September 16, the East China Field Army of the Communist Party of China laid 320,000 troops to besiege the city of Jinan, a key strategic area for defense by the Kuomintang. It lasted eight days and the city fell. 104,000 Kuomintang troops were wiped out, and the supreme commander Wang Yaowu was captured. On November 6, more than 600,000 people from the East China, Central Plains Field Army and local armed forces of the Communist Party of China gathered here in the vast area centered on Xuzhou, starting from Haizhou in the east, Shangqiu in the west, Lincheng in the north, and Huaihe River in the south. The 700,000 Kuomintang troops in one area launched a powerful offensive for the Battle of Huaihai (South Press: The Kuomintang called it the Battle of Xubeng).The People's Liberation Army's offensive is fierce, and the soldiers are invincible wherever they go. Nanjing, the capital of the Nationalist Government, is in danger.

On November 13, Chen Bulei, the director of the second office of Chiang Kai-shek's attendant office, the national policy adviser of the presidential palace, and the chief secretary, who is known as a generation of "literate courage", saw that the Kuomintang regime was on the verge of extinction and was about to perish. To relieve the danger of the party and the country, he committed suicide by taking barbiturate sleeping pills in pain and anger, expressing his loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek and his despair for the future of the Kuomintang government in the form of the ancient "corpse remonstrance".In the suicide note placed on the desk in the apartment, Chen Bulei vented the pain and utter despair that had accumulated in his heart for a long time in blood and tears. The book said:

Jiegong President Jun Jian: Bray has been following him for twenty years, and he has learned deeply that any pain should be borne, so as to teach him without regret.But since this spring, I have seen and heard and been stimulated.After summer and autumn, the symptoms of illness increased day by day, and the nerves were extremely weak.It is the most difficult period for the party and the country, and the self-examination has recently shown that it is physically and mentally incapable of serving. Instead of stealing the dead body, making the public mistakenly think that there is still a subordinate who can be driven, and thus endangering the public affairs, how can we frankly admit that we are no longer able to serve? , and end his worthless life.All such crazy and stupid thoughts are purely psychological disorders. After reading the precepts that Gong Xi condemned suicide in Huangpu, I deeply feel that this act is an unforgivable crime. You can't hide this embarrassment, let alone ask yourself if you don't have the slightest contribution in your life?God bless China, and we will be able to turn the crisis into peace. Only the public good will dare to bow, and maintain the harmony of heaven, so as to ensure the success of the Three People's Principles and protect our 450 million compatriots.Recalling Xu Shen's subordinates, he put life and death at the top of his mind, but today, with the original intention of dedicating his life, he ended up with such an extremely irresponsible ending. The scholar is useless, and he is responsible for the country and the public. I really don't know what words can explain it.Ma'am and salute.

My subordinate, Bray, is guilty. Before that, Chen had repeatedly advised Chiang Kai-shek, saying, "Stop troops to end the war, hold negotiations with the Communist Party, end the civil war as soon as possible, and the Kuomintang may still be able to take half of the country."Jiang replied: "The current battle situation is indeed unfavorable, but there is no need to be pessimistic; even negotiations cannot save half of the country, and we can only fight with our backs, and success or failure depends on the sky." Faced with the collapse of the mountains and rivers, the changing color of the world, and the crumbling Kuomintang government, Chiang Kai-shek was determined to fight against the odds. At the same time, he did not resign himself to fate, but adopted Zhang Qiyun (Xiaofeng), a famous strategist who was born as a historical geographer. Decided to start operating Taiwan as a place to retreat and counterattack the mainland in the future.

Before the Kuomintang army was defeated and retreated to Taiwan, according to Chiang Kai-shek's secret order, the central bank, led by the Central Bank, secretly shipped all the gold, silver and other treasures to Taiwan.There are two main routes for delivery channels. One is to transport directly from the "central bank" in Shanghai to the wharf, and quietly transport them to Taiwan Island by customs anti-smuggling ships; the other is to separate gold bars, silver ingots, and silver dollars from banks in other regions by land It was transported to Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, and then transported from Xiamen to Taiwan by warship.According to the later disclosure by the Kuomintang authorities, there were three batches of gold, silver ingots, and silver dollars shipped from the mainland to Taiwan after 1948, including more than 2.775 million taels of gold, 15 million yuan of silver (ingots), and more than 15.3 million U.S. dollars in deposits. Enter the national government account of the Bank of America.William Bullitt, the former US ambassador to France and the Soviet Union, later published an article in Prospect magazine, analyzing Taiwan’s economic and financial situation in 1949 and 1950, and pointed out: “Taiwan’s area is only about four times that of Puerto Rico. How can we maintain an armed force of 600,000? This is entirely dependent on Mr. Jiang transporting gold from the mainland to Taiwan to stabilize the lives of Taiwanese officials. Without Mr. Jiang transporting gold worth US$1 billion from the mainland to Taiwan, Taiwan’s economy will be destroyed by inflation It was submerged by the torrent.” What Pu Lide said was generally correct, and this batch of gold played an extremely important role in stabilizing the hearts of the people in Taiwan and the Kuomintang army, as well as the subsequent economic development.Chiang Ching-kuo also made the following disclosure about the transfer process of this batch of gold in stock: "When Shanghai was about to retreat, my father sent a few of us to Shanghai to persuade the Central Bank to move all the gold in stock to Taiwan. At that time, my father repeatedly told us to 'keep it secret', because it had been expected that Li Zongren would definitely use the stock of gold as one of the conditions for the 'peace talks'. Later, this batch of gold was shipped to Taiwan smoothly. The government was relocating In the early days of coming to Taiwan, without this batch of gold to make up for it, the financial and economic situation would have been unimaginable.” He also said: “After the stock gold arrived in Taiwan, my father remembered that there was still a box of national jewelry stored in the Central Trust Bureau. Let’s rush to Shanghai and persuade the Trust Bureau to ship this box of jewelry to Taiwan.”

The last detail of Jiang’s recollection is particularly memorable. In such a difficult situation, Chiang Kai-shek even remembered a box of jewelry clearly and kept it in his heart. It shows how much he attaches great importance to this batch of foundations. nuanced.In addition to secretly transporting about 1 billion U.S. dollars in gold and silver dollars to Taiwan along with treasures unknown to outsiders at the time that Chiang Ching-kuo later disclosed, according to the Nationalist Government’s order, people, property, and things that can be relocated in the science and education circles should be relocated as much as possible, starting with Taiwan. University as the base, and then gradually gain a firm foothold, in order to achieve the goal of "survival and development".Because the former president of National Taiwan University, Zhuang Changgong, quietly petitioned the authorities to resign with his family members after half a year in office.With the approval of Chiang Kai-shek, Zhu Jiahua and Fu Sinian met several times, and Fu reluctantly expressed his obedience, intending to "jump into this pit of fire".

On the evening of November 10, 1948, as the chairman of the Palace Museum, Weng Wenhao, the chief executive of the Nationalist Government, convened Zhu Jiahua, Wang Shijie, Hang Liwu, Fu Sinian, Li Ji, Xu Senyu and other directors of the Palace Museum and the National Museum of China to hold a talk at the official residence. The 500 boxes of high-quality cultural relics shipped to London for exhibition that year were shipped to Taiwan. At the same time, major cultural relics and books from the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, and the Central Library were also shipped to Taiwan. Send warships to escort.

On November 26, at the enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Nanjing, CC.They sent key members Chen Lifu and others to violently attack Minister of Education Zhu Jiahua for not doing enough to suppress the student unrest, and asked him to step down on the spot.Zhu was exhausted and fell ill with vomiting blood, but with the strong support of Hu Shi, Fu Sinian and others, he still gritted his teeth and persisted, and refused to resign.A few days later, Zhu Jiahua got up from the hospital bed and was ordered to hold a "Conversation Meeting for Academia Sinica in Beijing", which was presided over by Director-General Sa Bendong, and the heads of seven research institutes in Beijing and related personnel were called to participate.Present at the meeting were Fu Sinian, Li Ji, Tao Menghe, Jiang Lifu, Chen Xingshen, Zhang Yuzhe, Yu Jianzhang, Luo Zongluo, Zhao Jiuzhang, etc. The meeting urgently agreed on several countermeasures: immediately stop the infrastructure and expansion projects of each institute, and all original timber Wooden boxes were made to prepare for relocation; each institute consulted colleagues as soon as possible to prepare for the relocation.Family members can evacuate on their own, or move to Shanghai within ten days, and those who may go abroad try to help them; cultural relics, books, instruments, and archives in the Nanjing area are first collected in Shanghai, sealed by the security team, and then transported south to Taiwan.After the meeting, staff from various institutes retreated to Shanghai one after another with public and private supplies, "waiting for changes".

Therefore, the Nanjing Branch of the Palace Museum, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, the Central Library, the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Academia Sinica, and the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs jointly formed a unified organization to collect precious cultural relics, books, historical archives, and diplomatic archives. Rolls, etc. are packed and shipped to Taiwan.The relocation was under the overall command of Hang Liwu, Deputy Minister of Education, Secretary of the Council of the Palace Museum, and Director of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum.

When everything was ready, with the special approval of Chiang Kai-shek, the Navy Command sent the transport ship "Zhongding" and a platoon of officers and soldiers to assist in the shipment.At this time, the entire Kuomintang-controlled area was panicked, rumors spread everywhere, panicked, and they all tried to escape.According to Na Zhiliang, a member of the Nanjing Palace Museum who participated in the shipment at the time, recalled: "The personnel of the Ministry of the Navy heard that there was a ship bound for Taiwan. Everyone brought their families and families with their luggage and came to catch a ride. The ship was full of people. We feel that the cultural relics There was a problem with safety, and Mr. Hang Liwu called Gui Yongqing, the commander of the navy, to resolve the matter. He boarded the boat, tried every means to comfort him, saying that there was another boat to evacuate their families, and they disembarked one after another." The ship carried a total of 772 boxes of antiquities, specimens, instruments, historical archives, and diplomatic documents from five institutions. Li Ji served as the escort and was responsible for the entire transportation, loading and unloading.At this time, Li Ji had resigned from his position as the director of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, and took on this important task as a director of the Palace Museum and director of the archaeological group of the Institute of History and Philology.Before the relocation, the CCP had received news and urgently sent an underground member of the CCP and a student of Li Ji to dissuade him, but Li did not listen and told the other party: "It is my duty to protect these ancient relics. Since the Lugouqiao Incident, we have I have escorted this batch of treasures across half of China, and finally managed to preserve them. Now I also can’t watch the national treasures left by my ancestors destroyed in the flames of war. I can’t control the war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but if I can preserve these cultural relics and leave them alone, yes For disloyalty and disfilial piety, I will also be sorry for future generations." Seeing that the student was powerless to stop him, the CCP turned to Tao Meng, who was inclined to the Communist Party, and persuaded Li Ji euphemistically. Li still refused to buy it and decided to go his own way. If I was destroyed in the war, and I have scientific evidence to convince everyone, and I can take on this responsibility, then I will give up.” Of course, Tao Menghe couldn’t produce scientific evidence, and he dared not take on this “national importance” that is closely connected with the country and society. The heavy responsibility of the survival of the "device", so it was dismissed.Regarding this, Li Ji said in a sarcastic tone: "Didn't you, Tao Meng, take people to hide in the concession in Shanghai, and then criticize us for what we did? Isn't this a joke? Taiwan It is the same territory as Nanjing, not the territory of foreigners. At the very moment when the whole mainland is shrouded in artillery fire, the treasures of the Chinese nation should be placed in the safest place in the motherland's territory. This is common sense , Tao Meng Lao should not pretend to be confused and make political opportunistic plans for himself. What's more, in "Zuo Zhuan Xuan Gong Three Years", Zhou Dynasty Wang Sunman said to Chu Zi: "Cheng Wang will be prosperous in the Jia Hu, the age of 30, the year of 700, is the destiny. Although Zhou De has declined, the destiny has not changed. The importance of the peak is unquestionable!' The great Republic of China created by Mr. Sun Yat-sen has not yet reached the point of destruction.” After Tao Menghe heard this, he felt that he was nothing more than a floating duckweed in this war-torn era. Of course he had plans, but he kept his words light. How could he stop such an important event?So no longer persuade and stop. On December 20, 1948, the "Zhong Ding" warship loaded with national treasures broke anchor and set off from Shanghai into the turbulent Taiwan Strait, heading for the strange and mysterious Keelung Port.During the journey, because "the boat has a flat bottom, when encountering wind and waves, the boat is swaying and turbulent, and the boxes on the boat are not tied well. If the boat tilts to the left, the boxes will slide to the left, and if it tilts to the right, the boxes will slide to the left again." Going to the right, the sound of rumbling was endless. The navy commander asked the captain to bring a dog. It kept barking there again, and with the sound of wind and waves, the escort felt that the end of the world was coming.”The warship tossed in the sea for a week, and did not arrive at Keelung Port until the 27th.Later, Na Zhiliang, who was escorting Li Ji, heard Jiang Fucong, director of the Central Library, say: "After the antiquities were loaded on the ship, there was news that a ship sank in the strait a few days ago. Many old friends advised Li Ji Don't go with the boat, Li replied, things are in people, so that the descendants will not scold for thousands of years. From Nanjing to Keelung, the cultural relics arrived safely, and the old man almost collapsed, and the mental pressure can be imagined." Due to the tense battle ahead, the navy had no ships to send for a while, so a China Merchants Shanghai-Shanghai ship was chartered for the second batch of treasure transportation. The ship had a larger cabin, and only 934 boxes of antiquities and materials from the Institute of History and Philology were loaded. On January 6, 1949, the Shanghai-Shanghai ship set sail and arrived in Keelung in only three days. The third batch was a "Kunlun" transport ship sent by the Ministry of the Navy. When the antiquities were loaded, the family members of the Ministry of the Navy dragged their children and daughters and rushed to the cabin to grab seats.Hang Liwu still used the old method to invite Gui Yongqing, the commander of the navy, to dissuade him.At this time, the Kuomintang army's war was even more unfavorable, and people's hearts became more anxious and panicked.Na Zhiliang said: When Gui Yongqing ordered everyone to disembark, "everyone cried. I hope the old officer will forgive them and help them. The miserable appearance made the commander-in-chief cry too. He had no choice. They are only allowed to go with the ship." The ship departed from January 29, 1949, and did not arrive at Keelung Port until February 22.So far, a total of 4,286 boxes of antiquities, materials, precious books, and archives from the five institutions have been shipped out without any damage.The Nanjing branch of the Palace Museum transported as many as 2,972 boxes of precious cultural relics, which were later stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.However, there are as many as 311,914 volumes (volumes) in the "Cabinet Library" of the Institute of History and Philology, including more than 3,000 volumes (pieces) of Ming Dynasty archives.These treasures and other cultural relics were first loaned to the warehouse of the Taipei Yangmei Railway Bureau, and then transferred to the database of the office building of the Nangang Institute of History and Philology for permanent preservation. At the same time that the antiquities, books, and archives of the five institutions were being transported in a hurry, Weng Wenhao saw that the Kuomintang was gone, so he decided to run away alone. On November 26, 1948, he resigned as the Premier of the Executive Yuan, and Sun Ke succeeded him and reorganized the cabinet.In the chaos, few people responded to the original plan to relocate all the staff of the Academia Sinica to Taiwan, and most of the staff still had to "wait and see for changes" in Nanjing and Shanghai.Tao Menghe and others clearly opposed the move to Taiwan and insisted on staying on the mainland, waiting for the arrival of the Communist army to take over. On November 30, when Tao Menghe participated in a talk meeting with personnel in Beijing, seeing the majestic Kuomintang bosses and a group of parents-in-law about to fall, he felt that he could finally vent his anger and pour out the bitterness in his stomach for several years.Sui suddenly straightened his waist, and said unceremoniously to Zhu Jiahua: "Whether to move or not should be discussed with the colleagues of the whole institute, and the opinion of the majority is the basis." On December 9, in the face of Zhu Jiahua's urging, Dow decided not to reply because the office affairs meeting had already been held, and "all the staff in the office had one more vote".After hearing this, Mrs. Zhu was anxious and angry. On the spot, she forcibly ordered the whole institute to relocate on the ground that "the attendees included assistant researchers, which did not comply with the regulations". However, Tao ignored it and delayed it in various ways.Faced with Zhu Jiahua's approach, Tao Menghe cheered up his colleagues in the Institute of Sociology: "Zhu Jiahua is my student, I can stand up to him, but he dare not do anything to me." It means you little ones, don't be afraid , Everything is supported by my big tree. In May 1949, Zhu Kezhen sneaked from Hangzhou to Shanghai. Ren Hongjun and Chen Hengzhe said: "Tao Menghe is quite in favor of communism. He has made a lot of comments recently and went to Beijing before the fall of the capital..." At this time, Tao Menghe was determined to pull his brothers to leave the Juyi Hall in Liangshanbo, which was about to collapse, to abandon the darkness and turn to the light, and accept a new round of recruitment, so all Zhu Jiahua's efforts were in vain. Among the research institutes of Academia Sinica, only Fu Sinian's Institute of History and Philology was more active in the matter of relocating to Taiwan. However, if you really want to leave the home where you were born and raised in Si, you will still be haunted by hesitation, hesitation, and pain. .According to Chen Pan's recollection: "When the capital was in a hurry, Chen Bui and Duan Xipeng died. The master (Fu Sinian) was greatly stimulated and pessimistic, and suddenly thought of suicide. But the master did not die at this time. Madam Lai Fu loves and protects those who die for the country.” Chen’s theory was later confirmed by Yu Dacai.At that time, Yu was preparing to accompany his mother to Guangzhou and Hong Kong for medical treatment. Fu Mengbo, Fu Sinian’s younger brother, secretly advised Yu not to leave. Yu Dacai said: “At that time, my mother was hospitalized with a serious heart attack. In Guangzhou, she transferred to Hong Kong for medical treatment. She asked me to accompany her to take care of her sick mother. I was concerned about the recurrence of Meng Zhen's old illness, and he was worried about the country and in a very bad mood. My mother was seriously ill and had a long flight, so I was very worried. Dilemma, not knowing what to do, Shang Zhiyu Meng Zhen. He said without hesitation, "Your mother is seriously ill. If something happens during this trip, you will not be filial, and you will regret it for the rest of your life. You must go, don't worry about it." Me." I packed up a little and prepared to leave the next day. Meng Bo came to cry bitterly that night and scolded me for leaving Meng Zhen. He said, "Don't you know that my brother carries a large bottle of eye drops with him? Once the bandits If he breaks in, will he take poison and kill himself? At that time, what will you do with yourself? The love between flesh and blood is touching, and we wept together, so I gave up the trip to Guangzhou." Chen Pan's recollection should be credible. Tao Xisheng, a professor at Peking University who was once friendly with Fu, a member of the Standing Committee of the Wang Puppet Kuomintang Central Committee and Minister of Propaganda, secretary of Chiang Kai-shek's attendant after 1941, and chief editor of "Central Daily", also had a similar experience. memories.Tao said: "After the defeat in the Xubeng battle, I went to Jiming Temple to see Meng Zhen; the books of the Institute of History and Linguistics were being packed, and his office room was full of boxes and boxes. He told me: 'There is no In other words, prepare to die.’ He has a large number of sleeping pills hidden in the small box at hand.” The reason why Fu Sinian did not commit suicide was not only because of his wife’s excellent care, but also because Fu himself cared about his colleagues in the Institute of History and Language and his old friends and relatives. It was this looming chain that finally tied his heart. and prolong its life.In this regard, Chen Pan also has a record about the insider research of Fu Sinian and the staff of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica that must not be ignored: Since the winter of the thirty-seventh year, the capital has been in a state of emergency, and the people are in a state of panic. I don't know what to do. One day, the teacher [Fu Sinian] convened a meeting of colleagues, and said sadly: "The life of the research institute may end like this! The rest of my energy died, and the old illness was not cured. Although I want to move the research institute to a suitable area again, so that the national academic The center was able to survive, but Yu was unable to cope with such a complicated drama. Now we are discussing and disbanding. Even so, Si Nian is still willing to do his best to introduce and resettle the work of the gentlemen." At this time, the environment of academic freedom has been threatened, and it is a pity to be attached to the research institute that has been entrusted with many years of life.For a while, the audience was full of emotions, ranging from seriousness to sadness, and some had tears in their eyes. The teacher was not aware of being greatly moved, and resolutely said: "The gentlemen's chastity is yours, so what a pity for the dying years of this year, and you should try your best to pay your respect to the gentlemen." The discussion on the relocation of the firm was decided. Chen's statement is certainly true, but it seems to be reminiscent of certain plots in ancient folk novels.When Fu Sinian went to Yan'an to meet Mao Zedong, he said that the other party was "very familiar with all kinds of novels in the market, even novels of low interest. Mao Zedong used these materials to study the psychology of the people and take advantage of the weakness of the people's psychology, so At most, it’s no better than Song Jiang’s first class.”In fact, this speech by Fu is also quite a trick used by Liangshan heroes, especially Song Jiang and his ilk. It has a typical dramatic effect of using people's psychology to achieve the goal. I think Fu Sinian is also well versed in the essence of "Water Margin" and other anecdotal novels.Perhaps at this time, he did not think of using and deceiving, but borrowed his sincerity to express his sincerity through this classical dramatic technique. In any case, his goal was achieved.Most of the staff of the institute fled to an isolated island on the other side of the Taiwan Strait with their wives and children in panic and chaos. Only a few people such as Wu Dingliang, Xia Nai, Guo Baojun, and Lu Qinli stayed behind. The process of moving to Taiwan was chaotic and complicated, but it finally took place. In addition to the historical language created by Fu Sinian and Zeng Guofan’s creation of the Hunan Army’s "soldiers will turn around" political structure and habits, there are also reasons why most of the personnel from the institute fled. An unexpected episode, after Jinan City was captured by the Communist army, Wang Xiantang, director of the Shandong Library, was kicked out of his house and wandered on the streets.Wang is a highly respected senior in the academic circle. During the Anti-Japanese War, he lived in exile in Lizhuang for four years, and established a deep relationship with his colleagues in the Institute of History and Philology.Knowing the tragic fate of this senior academic, while weeping, everyone also thought of their own future fate, so they made up their minds to leave the mainland, which was about to be occupied by the Communist Party, and leave Taiwan like Xu Fuzheng who crossed the sea to the east.When the team of the Institute of History and Philology boarded the ship, feeling desolate and turbulent in the turbulent Taiwan Strait, Fu Sinian did not leave, but continued to stay in Nanjing, taking on the great mission of rescuing the famous scholar Shuo Ru to the isolated island of Taiwan .