Chapter 54 Chapter 53 "Class Fatherland"

Soviet Union, our good friend, The dictatorship of the proletariat, the workers and peasants are the masters, Help the world's weak and small nations to revolutionize, The imperialists, the leader of the dog Kuomintang, And "Manchuria" came to attack together; Young workers and peasants rose up against the attack on the Soviet Union. five year Plan, great success, Six hours a day, five days a week, Don't worry about food and clothing, there are clubs everywhere, Hospitals and schools don't cost you money, Young workers and peasants are armed to protect our motherland.

imperialists, Although crazy, With the protection of our workers and peasants all over the world, There is the Red Army outside, croaking bravely, Victory at last, peace of the world, Young workers and peasants are armed for our Soviet Union. Some old people said that there were many songs like this "Song of Supporting the Soviet Union" at that time, and when they sang such songs, they felt that the Soviet Union was like heaven.In political education at that time, some people kept talking about the Soviet Union. Since the guerrilla period, there have been "Friends of the Soviet Union" who specialize in promoting and introducing the Soviet Union. The Independent Division of the 1st Army was established on the second anniversary of the "September 18th" in 1933. It should be said that the 1st Army was established at this time, but it was officially established on November 7, 1934, because this day was the 17th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution in the Soviet Union. anniversary.At that time, I paid special attention to and cared about the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was the "class motherland"!

Before the "September 18th" Incident, the Northeast Communist Party was not yet armed, and the Manchuria Provincial Committee put forward the slogans of "supporting the Soviet Union with arms" and "defending the Soviet Union with arms".After the Northern Conference, it was regarded as the primary task of the Northeast Party and armed forces. On July 24, 1932, the "Resolution of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on Armed Defense of the Soviet Union and Opposition to Imperialism's Attack on the Soviet Union" stated:

The slogan of "armed defense of the Soviet Union" is definitely not a propaganda slogan, but the central task of how to implement it in earnest. It is the first page of the Manchurian Party's work schedule and the center of all practical work and action. And four days ago, a representative of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee stated in a report to the Central Committee: Another erroneous notion, not understanding the danger of imperialism attacking the Soviet Union, and hoping that the Red Army of the Soviet Union will come to fight Japanese imperialism (this is a concept shared by comrades in the branch)!

In 1936 (without month and day), in the "Explanation on the Draft Resolutions of the Zhuhai and Tangzhong County Committees and the Joint Conference of the Third and Sixth Armies", there is such a natural paragraph: In Lao Zhao's report, he also advocated the Soviet Union's sending troops and the relationship with the Soviet Union. I feel that it is too strange (like), so I didn't write it in the draft, and I can report it orally. Zhao Shangzhi, Zhang Shouzhen, Hou Qigang and others believed that the July 7th Incident was not a major event, but the Great War between Japan and the Soviet Union or the World War.Some people think that "this is a completely right-leaning opportunist view, and it should be purged out of the party without harmony." More than a year later, it was criticized as "spreading ideas and views harmful to the Soviet Union's peace policy in the North Manchurian Party."

In July 1938, Lin Biao said in his speech "On the Basic Lessons of Regular Warfare in North China and the Conditions for the Development of Guerrilla Warfare" at the Yan'an Anti-Japanese University: In terms of the situation, North China is in an important strategic position behind the Japanese invaders fighting against the Soviet Union. We insist on guerrilla warfare in North China, which is also of special significance for the outbreak of the Japanese-Soviet War in the future. With regard to the role and significance of the Soviet Union in the Chinese revolution and the War of Resistance, communists inside and outside the customs had the same understanding on a macro level.However, due to geographical reasons and the fact that the Shanghai Central Bureau was destroyed in February 1935, the Northeast Party and the Anti-Japanese Federation were directly led by the CCP delegation to the Communist International, so differences emerged.In Yan'an, you can talk freely about "the outbreak of the Japanese-Soviet war in the future", and no one thinks it is anything special, but it becomes a problem in the Northeast, "the party should be purged out of harmony."

In fact, those who say this don’t necessarily think otherwise—some words in the world can only be rotten in the stomach. The outbreak of the July 7th Incident certainly angered the Northeast Communists who had been fighting the war for six years. At the same time, they also felt that they were no longer fighting alone, and their fighting enthusiasm increased. After the "Zhang Gufeng Incident" and "Nuomenhan Incident" broke out, the officers and soldiers of the Anti-Japanese Union were very excited.I am anxious again, why hasn't the Soviet Red Army come over yet? Just like the North Korean patriots in exile in the Northeast, they can also see hope from the "September 18th" incident. If Japan attacks the Soviet Union again, and the Japan-Soviet War breaks out, the country will be more powerful, and everyone will work together to wipe out the Japanese devils. Now, isn't this a very normal psychology?

But in the minds of some people, the primary task of the proletariat of the world is to "defend the Soviet Union with arms" so that the Soviet Union will not be harmed. How can they hope that Japan and the Soviet Union will go to war and bring disaster to the "class motherland"? The old man Fang Weiai said that when he was studying at the Lenin Academy in Vladivostok in 1934, he met a southerner surnamed Wang.This person said that as a party member, he must implement the party's instructions; but as a Chinese, he felt really uncomfortable and even wanted to commit suicide.

At the beginning of 1934, the Northeast National Salvation Army 1st Brigade Special Service Battalion adapted from the Raohe Workers and Peasants Volunteer Team, the predecessor of the 7th Army, attacked Hutou Town, Hulin County. Battalion Commander Jin Wenheng and 2nd Company Commander Park Young-geun were seriously injured.Immediately put on the horse sledge, cross the snow-covered Ussuri River, and send the two to Iman City on the opposite bank, and ask Soviet doctors for treatment. At that time, crossing the border to the Soviet Union was called "crossing the Soviet Union", which was a language that the border residents "recited" by heart.After the failure of the Volunteer Army in the Anti-Japanese War, Ma Zhanshan, Li Du, Wang Delin and others all "passed through the Soviet Union" and then returned to China via Xinjiang.For this country that should be the most familiar except their own motherland, they may be emotionally out of tune, but they know that the Soviet Union is Japan's enemy.From the guerrillas to the Anti-Japanese Union, the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party "crossed the Soviet Union" and went to the "class motherland".

I don’t know if the Soviet-style planes and artillery that appeared on the Chinese battlefield required money, and they were still in the hands of the Kuomintang army, which also supported China’s war of resistance.For the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and especially the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance, which was supposed to win first, did the Soviet Union provide any weapons and equipment?The materials I saw never mentioned it, and the old people I interviewed said there was no such thing.Starting from the guerrillas, all armed personnel who "crossed the Soviet Union" disarmed after crossing the border, and those who could return generally returned their weapons. After the "Nomonhan Incident", several Japanese grenades will be distributed.After the Anti-Japanese Alliance retreated to the Soviet Union, the small troops sent back to China to perform reconnaissance missions for the Soviet Union were also equipped with radio stations.Is this an aid weapon?

Zhou Baozhong, Zhao Yiman, Chen Rongjiu, and Li Yanping all came back from studying in the Soviet Union.The officers and soldiers sent by the Anti-Japanese League to study in the Soviet Union one after another, no matter where they were sent by Wang Ming and Kang Sheng after graduation, the Soviet Party has trained many talents for the Chinese Party and the army.The 7th Army that benefited the most from the geographical relationship is the 7th Army that is across the river from the "class motherland".From the army commander to the soldiers, they "crossed the river east" when they were seriously injured or ill. The number of the 7th Army is not large, but there are many survivors in the 2nd Route Army, which is also a factor. The help and support of the Soviet Anti-United Nations came in many ways, the most important of which should be said to be spiritual. Some old people said that when the Anti-Japanese League fights the devils, it means fighting if you can beat it, and fighting if you can't beat it, and you would rather die than be a subjugated slave.However, it was different with the Soviet Union.They are all Communists, believe in one doctrine, the Soviet Union will definitely help us, and the Soviet Union is so powerful that it will definitely defeat Little Japan.This is a very important factor in the ideals and beliefs that supported the Anti-Japanese War to the end.One of the differences between the Mountain Forest Team and some teams adapted from the Mountain Forest Team and ours is that they don’t understand or see this level, and they are easily shaken. Old man Wang Jun said that in the big and small battles fought after the summer of 1939, the slogan was to support Nuomenhan.One of the important reasons we went to Nehe County was that there were a lot of military supplies piled up on the station, all of which were destined for the front line of Nuomenhan.The war over there was basically over at that time, we didn't know.Do you know you have to fight! Every time the Anti-Japanese League eliminates a devil, one less devil will enter the customs, and the meaning to the Soviet Union is the same. ——Although the Kwantung Army did not go north to the Soviet Union in the end, but transferred its elite south to the Pacific battlefield. On November 14, 1931, 56 days after the "September 18th" Incident, the Soviet People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Litvinov declared that he would not interfere in the Manchurian issue. On December 31, Litvinov proposed to Yoshizawa, the Japanese ambassador to France, who was on his way home to take office as foreign minister, to sign a non-aggression pact between the Soviet Union and Japan. On October 14, 1932, the Soviet Union allowed the Japanese army to carry out military transportation on the Soviet-administered section of the Middle East Road. On March 14, 1935, "Manchukuo" established "consulates" in Vladivostok and Khabarovsk. On March 23, an agreement on the transfer of the Middle East Railway was formally signed. The Japanese and puppet officials acquired the Middle East Railway and its subsidiary properties with a total length of more than 1,700 kilometers at a price of 170 million yuan. Some old people said, at that time, those of us who were in the army and those who were not in the army were farming and fighting in the countryside. How could we know these things? Regarding Litvinov's initiative to show favor, Japan let the Soviet Union hang out for more than 10 months before contemptuously rejecting it. At the beginning of 1937, the Soviet Union once again proposed to conclude a non-aggression pact, but was coldly rejected by Japan.As early as the end of 1933, the Kwantung Army began to formulate the "Operation Program Against the Soviet Union", and in 1938, the "No. 8 Operation Plan" was formulated.Imagine the plan for going to war against the Soviet Union in 1943, which is divided into two cases, A and B.Case A was to launch a general offensive on the Dongning and Hulin front lines in the east, and to launch an offensive on the Heihe front line in the north at the same time, cutting off the Siberian Railway and occupying the coastal areas of the Soviet Union.Case B is to defend from the east and attack from the west, pointing the main force to the front of Hailar, annihilating the main force of the Baikal Soviet army and occupying important areas east of Lake Baikal. The "Extraordinary Kwantung Army Exercise" that began in June 1941 was a build-up and rehearsal aimed at advancing northward to the Soviet Union. With Japan coveting in the east and Germany imminent in the west, the Soviet Union must try its best to avoid the dilemma of fighting on two fronts. After the "September 18th" Incident, countries in different degrees adjusted their policies towards Japan and China. The Soviet Union adopted a retreat strategy called "peaceful diplomacy" in the Far East at that time.But it doesn't just shrink back and endure, but it knows when to reach out for a handshake and when to raise a fist. In the Battle of Nomonhan that broke out in May 1939, the Soviet Red Army beat up the Kwantung Army and then comforted it.Such as giving preferential treatment to the prisoners, helping to find the dead bodies of the devils, and even sending the pilots who were killed in the air raid on the airport behind the Soviet army to the Japanese side one by one, which is really painstaking. The officers and soldiers of the Anti-Union can almost only feel this delicate Soviet-Japanese relationship in the pain of personal experience. Li Wenbin led the uprising and was organized into the 5th Army Guard Brigade. The most critical and difficult thing at that time was that more than 200 family members of the army could not be resettled.The enemy is bent on destroying this new army. If the family members are hunted down and encounter accidents, the consequences can be imagined.Chai Shirong and others wrote to Zhou Baozhong, arguing that the "most complete solution" was to send it to the Soviet Union, and if the Soviet Union did not accept it, they would "forcibly send it".Zhou Baozhong successively wrote letters to Zhao Shangzhi, Zhang Shouzhen, and Feng Zhigang, asking for help.At the time of Sanjiang's "special big crusade", the enemy was attacking everywhere and returning to the village, and the 3rd Army and the 6th rear were also under pressure. Chai Shirong and others could only shout in vain: "Family of the Guard Brigade! Family!" At the beginning of 1938, the 500 cavalry soldiers from the 3rd Army and 6th Army who crossed the border were sent to Xinjiang by the Soviet Union, just like the Volunteer Army who crossed the border at the beginning.The Japanese and puppet forces had requested the extradition of the Volunteers who crossed the border to "Manchukuo", but the Soviet Union refused. Regarding the relationship between the Soviet Union and the Anti-Japanese Alliance, it should be an unavoidable and sensitive issue for Soviet-Japanese relations.Whether the Japanese puppet and the Soviet Union negotiated in this regard, how they negotiated, and what the result was, the author has not seen relevant information.From the perspective of historical practice, the Soviet Union wanted to help the Anti-Japanese War, but could not stimulate Japan and undermine the "peaceful diplomacy" of the East.This requires seeking and grasping a "degree", and this degree is difficult to grasp.For example, sending the Volunteer Army and the Anti-Japanese League who crossed the border to Xinjiang seems to have really found a compromise balance point, which has been explained to both sides. Of course, Japan is actually beneficial. Some old people said that it would be most beneficial for the Anti-Alliance to build a secret camp in the Soviet Union, especially after we were forced into the mountains and forests, just providing a venue would do.Let's send the logistics personnel, the wounded, the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled over there, and the combat troops will fight here, guerrilla for a few months or half a year, and then rest for a period of time.Of course, the Soviet Union may take greater risks in this way, but you are a "class motherland"! The old, weak, sick, and disabled who refused to resist the Soviet Union "passed over the Soviet Union" around 1936.The "hard delivery" mentioned by Chai Shirong and others, as mentioned earlier, will not work at all.Because this is the established policy of the Soviet Union, you can't beat others. After the "Nuomenhan Incident" in 1939, the policies and attitudes of the Soviet Union changed—even Zhao Shangzhi, Dai Hongbin, and Qi Zhizhong were released from the "fence" and returned to the battlefield. In the summer of 1939, according to Jin Ce's instructions, Feng Zhongyun sent Gao Yumin, secretary of the Xiajiang Special Committee, to cross the border to seek help from the Soviet Far East Army, get in touch with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and at the same time inquire about Zhao Shangzhi's whereabouts.At this time, the battle in Nuomenhan was in full swing, and the Far Eastern Army became enthusiastic about fighting against the United Nations. Feng Zhongyun first crossed the border to Khabarovsk in September, and Zhou Baozhong also arrived in November. After the 3rd Route Army marched west to Xihuang, the connection between the two provincial committees of Beiman and Jidong was broken.After the abolition of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, there was no leader. Wang Ming and Kang Sheng fought on their own after returning to China.Especially between Beiman and Jidong, there is such a possibility in terms of geography and history.In the grim situation after 1938, the Northeast Party and the Anti-Japanese Alliance also urgently needed to study and formulate new combat policies and unify their actions as much as possible. As a representative of the Northern Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, Feng Zhongyun went to the Soviet Union hoping to get the assistance of the Soviet Union to hold a joint meeting of the Northern Manchurian and Jidong Provincial Party Committees in its territory—that is, the first Khabarovsk meeting. This is a marathon meeting. Beginning on January 24, 1940, it was held in the form of a "three-person discussion meeting" by Zhou Baozhong, Feng Zhongyun, and Zhao Shangzhi.According to the opinion of the Soviet Union, Zhou Baozhong presided over it.The first stage lasted 12 days, and three important documents were passed, namely, "Summary Outline for Discussion on Inner-Party Struggles in Northeast Manchuria", "New Draft Outline on the Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement" and "End of Discussion on Inner-Party Issues in North Manchuria - About Opinions on Personal Estimates of Responsible Comrades". The second stage of the meeting was to study the relationship between the Anti-Japanese Federation and the party organizations and troops on the Soviet Far East Frontier.The Chinese people attending the meeting were still Zhou Baozhong, Feng Zhongyun, and Zhao Shangzhi. The Soviet side was Ivanov, secretary of the Far East Frontier Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Narmasi, the acting commander of the Far East Army, Wang Xinlin, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Far East Army, and Khabarovsk and Shuangchengzi. The head of the garrison of the two regions.The meeting decided: 1. Under the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of the CCP, establish a temporary guidance and assistance relationship between the Soviet Far East Frontier Party Committee and the Far East Army to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance; Maintain regular contact with the Anti-Japanese Union; 3. When the anti-Japanese troops fail in the battle against Japan, or need to be temporarily transferred to the Soviet Union for other reasons, the Soviet side should accept and provide convenience. No matter how you look at it, this is an important meeting, especially the result of the second phase of the meeting, which can be called a windfall.And all this lies in the change of Soviet policy. The Soviet Union and Japan fought in Nomonhan, and their faces have been torn apart. On September 30, 1940, "Wang Xinlin's Instructions to All Army Commands for Convening Party and Guerrilla Cadre Meetings" stated: In December of this year, a meeting of party and guerrilla cadres will be called, and representatives of the CCP will be present at this meeting. Therefore, all problems concerning the party organization and the current guerrilla movement should be resolved at this meeting. Representatives of the Central Committee can come at the beginning of December to convene a meeting of party workers, so all military leaders, political commissars, party secretaries or party committees must arrive here before December, and at the same time send the cadres you choose (refer to The personnel who participated in the military and political training of the Soviet Union—the author) brought them together. If the military command and political commissars have no chance to come, then send their agents to attend the meeting. In the second Khabarovsk meeting, firstly, there was no CCP representative, and secondly, there was a dispute with the Soviet side before the meeting. Regarding this meeting, the Soviet Union generally had four ideas: first, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation could not continue with the current guerrilla method and could not afford such heavy losses; The Anti-Union lacks the minimum living conditions. This is the reason why the Anti-Union has suffered repeated setbacks. At present, there is no turning point; third, a Soviet is the commander-in-chief of the Northeast Anti-Union. Fourthly, the anti-union forces should fight in small-scale and scattered guerrilla warfare, mainly collecting intelligence on the enemy army, and make long-term preparations for the final elimination of the Kwantung Army and the liberation of the entire Northeast . The difference lies in the third point. A total of 11 people participated in the meeting, including Kim Il-sung, Xu Zhe, and Anji from South Manchuria, Zhou Baozhong, Chai Shirong, Ji Qing, Cui Shiquan, and Wang Xiaoming from Jidong Province, and Jin Ce, Zhang Shouzhen, and Feng Zhongyun from North Manchuria.The Soviet side probably expected that there would be different opinions, so they talked with these people separately before the meeting.It is said that most people did not directly express their views.The matter is of great importance, and those who have returned from the front line are not sure for a while, and this is the opinion of the "class motherland". Headed by Zhou Baozhong, it should be said that there are not many people who believe that the principle that the CCP leads its own armed forces is an unchangeable principle, and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance can only be the anti-Japanese coalition of the people of all ethnic groups in the Northeast.For the Soviet comrades to serve as the commander-in-chief of the Anti-Union, it would mean that the Soviet Union would interfere in the internal affairs of the Chinese Communist Party, and it would not conform to the guidelines for mutual relations between fraternal parties stipulated by the Communist International.If this is done, one day the Soviet-Japanese War will break out, and what will appear in the Northeast will not be the Anti-Japanese Alliance led by the Communist Party of China. Zhou Baozhong also talked with the leaders of the Anti-Japanese Alliance to gain support. On December 20, in the names of Zhou Baozhong and Zhang Shouzhen, he submitted a solemn statement to Wang Xinlin, the general idea of ​​which is as follows: The original meeting notified that the representatives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China would attend the meeting. Represents research decisions.Since there is no representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to participate, we can only continue to implement the principles and spirit of the first Khabarovsk meeting. These issues can only be discussed and approved by our Northeast Party organization.Because, first, the anti-Japanese guerrilla movement in Northeast China, no matter what its current situation is, is an inseparable part of the entire revolutionary struggle of the Communist Party of China.The party organization leads the guerrilla movement, and all issues must be decided by the party organization.Second, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Movement accepts your direct leadership, which is a temporary special status.Third, regarding the relationship between the Northeast Anti-Japanese Guerrillas and the Soviet Far East Red Army, the Northeast Party organization of the CCP needs to make its own regulations in accordance with the consistent spirit of the CCP’s strategy and tactics.Therefore, Wang Xinlin was required as the convener of the meeting to make clear regulations on the nature, tasks and scope of the meeting, and asked the leading cadres of the Northeast Party and guerrillas to hold a preparatory meeting to focus on discussing all issues in the Northeast. From the end of December 1940 to the beginning of January 1941, the second Khabarovsk meeting attended by 11 members from the Northeast Party and the Anti-Japanese Alliance formed the following proposals: 1. The nature of this meeting was "Manchurian Party Congress" ".2. The meeting unanimously agreed to the decision of the first Khabarovsk meeting.3. In order to realize the unified and centralized leadership of the Manchurian Party, the representatives of each province shall elect a provisional committee of Manchuria Province, temporarily limited to 3 members, and the general assembly shall directly elect a secretary, candidates for committee members Wei Zhengmin, Zhou Baozhong, and Jin Ce. strength, and ask a joint comrade to give guidance on work.4. To send representatives to establish a relationship with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. With the approval of the Central Committee, the Nationalist Government is required to incorporate the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army into the national anti-Japanese military system, and to obtain economic supplements.5. Regarding the military issue, there is a general headquarters, with Zhou Baozhong as the commander-in-chief, Zhang Shouzhen as the deputy commander-in-chief, and Wei Zhengmin as the political commissar. The above-mentioned motion cannot take effect until the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approves it. On November 2, 1938, "Zhou Baozhong's Report Letter to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Work of the Manchurian Party" quoted earlier stated: Recently, the Northeast guerrilla movement has faced the crisis of retreat and disintegration. Should we retreat in an organized and orderly manner to maintain considerable strength?Or let it go naturally and finally fight with the enemy, this is a problem that needs to be solved immediately. Where does the Anti-Union go from here?It's hard to say when other leaders will start thinking about this issue, but Zhou Baozhong's words are a clear signal that it's time to think about this issue. On June 12, 1940, three months after the first Khabarovsk meeting, "Zhou Baozhong and Zhao Shangzhi's Report Letter to ××× (the original text should be "Wang Xinlin"—the author)" stated: What (is) the price paid by the Chinese Communist Party for leading the national liberation struggle in the Northeast through sacrifice and bloodshed?This is on the one hand; on the other hand, the whole of China is now in the second stage of the long-term war of resistance and is about to enter the second stage of the counter-offensive, while the isolated status quo of our guerrilla movement in Northeast China has not been eliminated, and it has been pressed by the enemy to an extremely small and extremely difficult situation.That is to say: the Communist Party of China organized and led the struggle for national liberation in Northeast China, which had great historical significance.Whether or not this struggle can be continued now, and what specific and powerful methods should be used to continue the struggle, are the fundamental problems that need to be solved at present.We believe that it is necessary to seek a direct solution from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, so we make a request to you: we would like to send the main cadres as plenipotentiaries, and provide the possibility of transportation through you.It will enable our representatives to transfer to Xinjiang Province of China via Irkutsk and go to the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Yan'an, Shaanxi.Regardless of the method of general international travel or special method or the method of political prisoners crossing the border, we only need to send our representatives to China. Please inform us of this problem by telegram.Also, when we were with you, we asked you to forward the letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the letter to Chongqing Xinhua Daily, whether it has been delivered or not, please reply. Such words can be seen in many documents. In the "instructions" on convening the second Khabarovsk meeting, Wang Xinlin said that representatives from the CCP would attend the meeting.The long-awaited participants arrived one after another, but they didn't.It was not until December 16 that the Soviet Union formally informed the representatives of the CCP that they could not come. Is there any change during this period that makes it impossible to come, or is it a non-existent thing in the first place?Isn't the CCP delegation to the Communist International headed by Ren Bishi in Moscow at this time?Isn’t it easy for the Soviet Union to send officers and soldiers of the anti-union cross-border to Xinjiang, and let the plenipotentiary representatives of the Northeast Party and the anti-union go to Yan’an via Xinjiang via the Soviet Union?Do you still use Zhou Baozhong to give pointers?Besides, the Soviet Union has an observation team stationed in Yan'an, isn't it more convenient to contact and convey by telegram? Some people think that the Soviet Union wants to take the armed forces of the Anti-Union into its own hands. Old man Jiang Zemin said: In the winter of 1936, the 2nd Army sent me and Huang Yanen to study in the Soviet Union.He is also a soldier. He was a leather shoe worker. Before retiring, he was the director of Fuxin Nursing Home.There were 3 other people, one was Zhong Ziyun, inspector of the Eastern Manchuria Special Committee, who went to study at the Oriental University in Moscow.The other two were Koreans, one was a guide, and the other didn't know who he was or why he was going to the Soviet Union, so he froze to death on the way. Cross the border from Hunchun.I walked for more than a month, sleeping during the day and walking at night.Bring some barley, smash it on the ice with a wooden stick, let the wind blow, and fry it with the devil's pork kidney lunch box.Standing on the mountain, the guide said that the Soviet Union was over there, and I couldn’t get there no matter how I walked, the snow was deep and there was no way.There is a devil patrol on the border. We lay in the snow to see them pass by, so we walked over there.First we heard the barking of the dogs, and the Soviet border guards drove over with the sledges, and we all collapsed.The sledge was as high as the knees, and it couldn't be climbed no matter how hard it climbed.Frozen, hungry, and tired, the man lost all his "neck strength" (weak strength). Send us to Vladivostok.Before leaving, he gave us a piece of bread half the size of the pot cover, gesturing for us to eat it for a day, and told us to make it up in a while, so that we were only half full.There are beds and blankets in the house, which is very good. When I look at the iron bars on the windows, it is a prison.Two Soviet prisoners, one who fell asleep drunk and collapsed on the street, and the one who sat there crying beat his wife, were brought here.After being locked up for a month or so, the Communist International said that he was one of our people, and immediately took him to the hotel, took a shower, changed into a suit, leather shoes, leather hat, and a woolen coat.Then eat, there is wine and meat, delicious and delicious.The next day, each person was given another suitcase, but there was nothing to pack, so they took the empty suitcase to the train, and then carried it to Yan'an. In the summer of 1940, the old man Li Min who "passed the Soviet Union" said: Chen Shaobin and Bai Houfu led dozens of us across the Songhua River to Baoquanling, preparing to enter Xiaoxing'anling.As soon as they crossed the river, the enemy came up, fought until dark and broke through, and then continued to go west.Enemies are everywhere, and wars are fought almost every day.Looking at the sparkle in front of me this night, isn't this water?Turned back to the Songhua River?Instructor Du said that this is Heilongjiang, and the opposite is the Soviet Union.Where is the Soviet Union?As soon as my eyes lit up, I looked hard towards the opposite bank.Singing "Lenin's Birth Song" since I was a child, I feel that the Soviet Union is so mysterious, sacred, and beautiful, and I am very envious.Now, separated by a river, I wish I could grow my wings and fly over to have a look. He fell asleep in a daze, and Liu Mingyu woke him up, ready to fight.As soon as I grabbed the gun, I saw a big boat coming vaguely on the river, and someone shouted, hurry up, get on board.It was daylight, the enemy fired at us, the boat leaked, Lu Yongjiu and the others blocked it with quilts, and when the quilt was gone, they used people to block it.The ship crossed the river, and the enemy stopped fighting, and if they fought again, they would hit the Soviet Union, causing international incidents.There is no need to fight, the ship is going to sink.At this time, a Soviet gunboat and a few wooden boats rushed over from the opposite side. We didn't care about it, and we went to that boat.When someone fell into the water, those who knew how to get into the water went down to rescue them, and the Soviet Red Army also helped them. Everyone was in shock like a drowned chicken, and the Soviet Red Army took all our guns away.We didn't care either. The "Motherland of Classes" family is gone, thinking that this is for us to put it away.We went ashore, let us line up, watched us with guns, and locked us in a big empty house with a sentinel at the door and a few big wolf dogs.Everyone, look at me, I look at you, isn't this taking us as prisoners? Later, I realized that after "passing the Soviet Union", your identity must be checked and verified.I was the first to be brought in for questioning.The order is the soldiers first, then the officers. Among the soldiers, the women are asked first, and among the women, the youngest ones are asked first-children tell the truth. In a small office with a polished red floor, there is a captain and officer, and the interpreter is of mixed race.Ask me my name, age, how many years I have studied, where I live, the names of my parents, how many brothers and sisters I do, and what I do.Then ask when you joined the guerrillas, what positions you held, who were your officers, where did you fight, and who led you to fight. I asked again 3 days later to see if there were any inconsistencies in what you said before and after.Then I asked me what I thought about the next step. If you were asked to study and wear beautiful clothes, would you be willing?I didn't know that was making me a spy.I said I want to go back.Political education talks about how good the Soviet Union is, and sings that the Soviet Union is our good friend, but then they are locked up and treated like prisoners.The expectations are too high, and I feel a little cold all of a sudden, and I can't speak the language, so I'd better go back and fight devils. After crossing the border, they were disarmed. How could the Communist Party hand over to the Communist Party?Are you a Communist Party?At the beginning, I reasoned with the Soviet army, but later I gained experience. When I saw the Soviet border guards, I automatically put my gun on the ground and handed over the things I carried with me to them for safekeeping.The next step is to take a bath, burn the tattered clothes full of lice, and put on the old clothes of Soviet soldiers.They were then locked up in empty houses in local garrisons or collective farms, and some were sent to prisons for censorship.The review time varies, usually between half a month to a month, and sometimes several months. The Soviet Union was very cautious in reviewing the personnel crossing the border, lest there be Japanese spies among them.Like the second Khabarovsk meeting, people from the 2nd Route Army and the 3rd Route Army arrived, but no one from the 1st Route Army was seen.Someone saw the words "Kim Il Sung is here" on the wall of the defense post opposite Hunchun, and hurriedly reported it, and Kim Il Sung and others were able to attend the meeting. Screening is also a selection process.I think you are suitable for intelligence work, and I agree, so I will send you to engage in armed reconnaissance, or other secret work-leave it for later. The old man Hu Zhenyi said that when the troops were rectified before the Western Expedition, most of the old, weak, sick and disabled, pregnant lesbians, and breastfeeding children were left behind. Those left before "crossing the Soviet Union" were mainly old, weak, sick and disabled.Like Liu Pao, the adjutant of the military department, who is good at martial arts, but also has a lot of illnesses, such as stomach pains, waist and leg problems, all of which are very serious, and he is in his fifties.Kanglian has too much stomach pain, waist and leg pain, it's just a matter of severity.Then there are "runners", people who were called "old men" at home who have been harmed, have a bad impression of the Soviet Union, and have not been educated for many years. They didn't want to go to the Soviet Union, so they stayed.Those left before the Western Expedition are still in the team, but this time they have left the team.If you can’t go back home, or go to relatives and friends, you just have to find a way.How many years of the Anti-Japanese War, meritorious ministers, give some money, or something.At that time, there was not much money or anything left. The old people say that the biggest difference after "passing the Soviet Union" is that they can sleep soundly. The 3rd Route Army set up a teaching team in Chaoyang Mountain, which stipulated that the students should not leave their guns when they were in class.This time I live in a house and eat hot soup and hot meals, and I feel like returning to the world.The people who just crossed the border are like starving ghosts, afraid of eating up their stomachs, each person has 400 grams of bread per day, and a big-bellied man like Lu Yongjiu will die after two mouthfuls. .At night, it's a toss.Hearing something, some people jumped up and grabbed their guns, and some even rolled on the spot.Datong shop is full of people, and they can't move.Someone rolled down the ground, and took a look, why didn't they "ignite the fire"?Thinking about it again, oh, "passed the Soviet Union". The other one is very impressive and very morale-boosting. Generally, all the wounded who are sent across the border cannot die or be disabled. The old man Wang Minggui wrote in his memoir "The Second Expedition to the West": This is a house vacated by the secret camp for the wounded and sick, and it is very dark inside.Once inside, the smoke was so choking that I couldn't breathe, and I couldn't open my eyes.A foot-high flame in the furnace replaced the light, and it took a while to see clearly how many people were lying on the beds in the house.Upon closer inspection, it seemed as if a big hand grabbed my heart: the severe cold of minus 40 degrees took away the hands, feet, ears, and noses of many soldiers.Due to the lack of medical equipment and medicines, they wrapped their heads with old gray bandages, bound their feet with leg wraps, and wrapped their hands with rags. Their injuries and conditions were getting worse day by day, and some of them were dying.They struggled to sit up and came limping, some stretched out their thick, swollen eggplant hands and touched me; some were afraid to touch me, so they hugged my arm with both arms ; Several female warriors with loose hair were already weeping.They sat me down and listened to their stories. The old man Chen Lei said that after the battle of the Kuchu River, our 3 detachments crossed the border from Heilongjiang, the lightly wounded were left in a small town hospital, and our 3 heavy ones were sent to Hailanpao (Blagoveshchensk) by car. Then I took the train to the Far East Red Banner Army Army Hospital in Khabarovsk.I was injured on my right wrist. The bullet hit the blood vessel, which swelled to the thickness of my calf.The first thing you do when you are admitted to the hospital is to take off your naked body, shave all the hair except the eyebrows, and then give you a bath.Doctors from the Anti-Japanese Federation performed surgery without anesthesia, and several people pressed it, as if killing pigs and sheep.This time I haven't used the knife yet, isn't it the same as killing a pig "bald" (shaving, scraping off) hair?The injury is on the wrist, do you need to go to war like this?The most unbearable thing is the female nurse, doing this is like washing the pot and washing the dishes. Have we ever seen such a situation?It was a major medical officer who performed the operation. He took out the warhead and told me to keep it for you as a souvenir.I have been keeping this warhead with great care, and I don't know where it got lost during the "Cultural Revolution". On March 22, 1940, "Yu Tianfang's Letter to Zhang Shouzhen and Zhou Baozhong About Arriving at the Jin Ce Office" stated: Because of Tian Fang's dictation and the description of the letter, Jin Ce has seen everything about the intention of the headquarters to send Tian Fang to take over.He said that because of the importance of work in Manchuria, he would never come to XX (the original text is the "Soviet Union" - the author), and his health has recovered, and he can walk sixty or seventy miles a day, so there is no need to come to XX for treatment. .As a result of Tian Fang's serious discussion with him, Jin Ce decided to stay in the Northeast and carry out his work. Tian Fang fully agreed with Comrade Jin Ce's correct proposition from the standpoint of work interests and comrades' health. On September 15 of the same year, in the "Jin Ce Opinion Paper - On the Third Route Army Action and the Unified Leadership of Northeast Party Organizations" that was quoted earlier, "three major tasks" were proposed.One is to firmly grasp the existing armed forces, preserve and develop them, absorb all anti-Japanese armed forces in guerrilla warfare, and form a solid united front for the final decisive battle.The second is to concentrate on actively opening up local work, so that the mass struggle and the guerrilla movement can be coordinated. As long as it is an anti-Japanese party, class, and religion, all unite to prepare for local or several local armed uprisings.三是“支持与巩固现有后方据点，并建立新的后方据点，以备长期抗战等等”。 此时已经牺牲的杨靖宇，是不主张“过苏联”的。1路军的失败，表面上看是因了程斌等人的叛变，究其根本还在于“遍地的'集团部落'”。2路军在吉东处境日益艰难，原因也是如此。北满联军主力不得不西征，也是同样的原因。 1940年1月20日，《东北抗日联军概况》在介绍5军“部队状况”时，说：“该部队仍然是党有利的斗争基础，工作活动的骨干部队，党员占50%以上，战斗员完全是三年以上的老队员。”就是说，5军已经3年未能补充新队员了。 有人认为，如果抗联不撤退到苏联，最后可能没了。 1路军、2路军可能是这样，3路军应该有所不同。 经过两年来的斗争，敌人虽在西荒加强了统治力度，比起南满、吉东还是闲散些。而且，西荒地域辽阔，回旋余地大，一些地区仍未建起“集团部落”。在《金策意见书》中，他就提出“避开旧区”，“突开新区”，“利用今年青纱帐远征到景星区去建立新的根据地”——前面已经说过了。 3路军在西荒也牺牲了许多高级干部，像许亨植、冯治刚、张兰生等等。所属各支队伤亡也很大，一仗伤亡几十人也不鲜见。但是，因为可以接近群众，队员就可以补充，而不至于越打越少，直到打光。自然，衣食问题也比较容易解决。在同时期的文件中，1路军、2路军多的是“生存”、“保存”，3路军则是“保存”，还有“发展”。 一个最明显而简单的事实是，1939年后，1路军、2路军再未打过县城，3路军在西荒攻破3座。 还有，同时期南满、吉东的地方党，或者上队了，或者难以开展工作了，北满却在讷河、肇州建立工委、县委，并给予游击运动强有力的支援。 有老人说，金策是深谋远虑的有主见之人，并非脑瓜一热就我不走了，与东北共存亡了。 又说，南满、吉东的斗争环境太残酷，1路军、2路军“过苏联”是对的，为党、为抗战、为后来的解放战争保存了实力。但是，北满的情况不一样，冯仲云，还有一些人，都认为3路军在西荒可以坚持。1路军、2路军、3路军西征，都有留守部队，既要开辟新区，又不放弃旧区，为什么“过苏联”就得一刀齐呢？ 还说，金策是北满省委书记，应该说他的岗位就在北满。他留在北满，这本身不就是一种象征，让老百姓看到点光亮吗？都“过苏联”了，算怎么的？ 金策一行10人，是1943年10月底（或11月初），从凤山县东北岔踏上“过苏联”之旅，到达黑龙江边已是1944年了。 1939年10月21日，《金策给高吉良、徐泽民等的信》中，在传达了北满省委和总指挥对12支队的指示后，一向沉稳、持重、不动声色的“老金策”，突然写道： 三路军万岁！北满党万岁！