Chapter 46 Chapter 45 Snow Grave

In June 1935, "Report to the headquarters by Yang, Director of the Political Department of the Third Army Command of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, and Zhang, Director of the Political Department of the Second Regiment of the First Division" stated: It was fine if the three regiments didn't gather, but as soon as they assembled, the team members saw that the three regiments were neatly dressed, which caused a lot of shock. The team members said that "the third regiment is the son of the county party committee, and the second regiment is a foreigner." Of course, this is ridiculous.

The many differences between the Anti-Japanese Army and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army are that the uniforms have never been unified, and even one army is rarely uniform.This army was able to fight, and captured a lot. This time, a batch of black cloth was captured, and it was uniformly made into black.More often, there are any colors.Of course, there are also military uniforms, such as the police uniforms of the captured devils and puppet soldiers, and the puppet police. "Poor man, don't be happy, there are still 40 days to spring." This is a folk proverb in the Liaodong area of ​​the author's hometown. It says that it will be cold for 40 days after the beginning of spring, but in North Manchuria, it is more than two months.

"When the sun comes out, it freezes the little devil to death" means that the sun is the coldest when it first comes out, and it freezes all the ghosts to death.People in the Northeast today say that the weather is cold, which is "thief cold and cold". Back then, they used onomatopoeias such as "quack cold" and "quack barge cold" - the ground, ice, and tree trunks froze and cracked, "quack" sounded, " Gaba Gaba" sounded. Three generations live under the same roof, four generations live under the same roof, the northern and southern kangs, the old couple, the middle couple, and the young couple, how inconvenient is it for modern people to imagine?But it makes sense.You divide it into several small rooms, the room at the top of the kang is very hot, but the other side of the kang is unbearably cold.On the wedding night in the bridal chamber, there seems to be no custom of "listening to the house" in Northeast China.Not to mention that in winter you will get cold if you lie outside the window, and the rich people's high-walled compound cannot enter, even in summer, what can the poor people hear?Similarly, Manchu men wear wide-breasted clothes like women, because the wide-breasted clothes keep warm.In winter, you need to tie a belt. Before you tie the cotton-padded jacket, squeeze it tightly so that a piece sticks out, which becomes a "puckered jacket".Regardless of Manchu and Han men and women, and regardless of winter and summer cotton sheets, the waist of the trousers is quite tall and fat, especially the cotton trousers.Grab the waistband of the trousers and pull it forward, then squeeze it to the left or right, and the belt will be tied, which is called "crotch pants".There are no trouser noses, no front-opening or side-opening doors, underpants, underpants, shirts, etc., which are luxury items for the general public.The leg straps that are not leggings are essential, and they are tied twice on the trousers. "Putting out jackets" and "short crotch pants", regardless of head and feet, front, back, left, and right, women lose their shape, men and women are the same, as long as they are warm.

Nowadays, in Liaozhong, Liaodong, and southern Liaoning, especially in cities, not to mention cotton shoes and hats, even cotton clothes and trousers have gradually faded out of people's vision.Climate warming is one reason. The key is that the distance from the door of the house to the car and then to the work unit is only tens or hundreds of meters away. Back then, when I left the house, I was surrounded by wind and snow.Hunters who go to the mountains in winter and those who make a living in the mountains, in addition to the "puffed jacket", "crotch pants" and dog fur hats, Ula, must-haves are old sheepskin jackets, leather sleeves and leather trousers ( Also known as trousers), the waist is tied with a piece of roe deer skin or dog skin called "fart block"-every winter, this set of equipment is the most envious of the officers and soldiers of the Anti-Union.

In 1937, the 3rd Army and 6th Army used the water boiled from the bark of japonica or oak bark to dye the white cloth into a yellowish color to make military uniforms.Although the shades are different, the rain has dyed the yellow people even more yellow, and they are still wearing part of the troops they belong to, but they are more or less like military uniforms. However, later on, there was a bit of a unified taste.From South Manchuria to North Manchuria, most of the officers and soldiers wore the clothes of the captured devils and puppet soldiers, which looked like Japanese and puppet "crusade teams" from a distance.

In 1937 (no month and day), "Materials on the Political and Military Situation of the Second Army and the Fifth Army of the Anti-Japanese Army" began: The members of the Second Army cultivate the atmosphere of hard work and frugality.However, the team members love to be well-groomed, no matter how difficult the economy is, they always dress neatly, take good care of their weapons, and protect their firearms are incomparable.Members of the Fifth Army cherish weapons, beauty, and cleanliness not only because of the education of their superiors, but mainly because the members of the Second Army follow the example of the Second Army and automatically imitate it. Management, etc. are the same when they learn automatically from the performance of members of the five armies.

There are many Korean (ethnic) people in the 2nd Army, and the Korean ethnic group wears white clothes.It is impossible for a nation that loves white to be untidy.But at that time, from the 2nd Army to the equally "beautiful and tidy" 5th Army, as well as officers and soldiers of other armies, what has become! The "puffed jacket" and "short crotch trousers" have been wandering in the woods for a month, and the cotton has already been packaged and lost its shape.The army uniforms of the devils were indeed strong, the officers were made of yellow woolen cloth, and the soldiers were made of small canvas, which was so thick and heavy that it would take less than one winter to turn them into tattered clothes.The skirt, cuffs, and trouser legs were scratched, and even the crotch was scratched. Other parts that were not easy to scratch were burned by sparks when camping.After a rain shower, it was time to wash my face and take a bath.By nature, a woman has a little time, so she will go to the river to wash and rinse.After the autumn wind blows, men and women are the same.In the words of the old people, the hands are like the claws of an old raven, the face is iron-colored, and the hair falls to the shoulders, and they are all "felted" (hardened together like felt).What kind of haircut and shaving, the longer the better, equal to more hats, warm! After 1940, they retreated to the Soviet Union one after another. They were afraid of bringing infectious diseases. After crossing the border, they all took off their clothes, burned their clothes, took a bath, and met again. Who are you?Can't recognize it.

There are constant media reports that savages were found in Shennongjia, Hubei Province.Relevant parties have organized scientific expedition teams to conduct on-the-spot investigations many times, but found nothing.In the more than four years since 1938, the officers and soldiers of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army who "don't eat human food, don't shit on people, don't behave in a human way, and have no taste", except for carrying guns and beating devils, their appearance and living conditions are similar to those of wild animals. How different are people? Some sources say that in the south-central part of Northeast China, the average annual frost-free period was 150 days, while that in North Manchuria was only 125 days.Today's Heilongjiang is also snowing for half a year.It is more abstract and conceptual in this way. How cold can it be at the coldest time?The old people said that there was no weather forecast at that time, and it was colder than now. Now it is estimated that minus 30 degrees Celsius is common, and minus 40 degrees Celsius in the twelfth lunar month is nothing. "The first nine does not count as nine, the second nine freezes the dog to death, and the third nine forty-nine cracks in the stone."I don’t know why the stones were frozen and cracked. You watched the birds fly and then fell down.

If you have a house to live in, you can save on clothes. It’s no problem to wear devil’s military uniform all winter, but the ordinary cotton clothes are worn out, and the weather is getting warmer.When the sky is big, the house is big, the forest is the hometown, and sometimes two ordinary cotton-padded clothes can't survive a winter. Food is exchanged for life, and the same is true for clothing. Fighting in autumn and winter, the enemy's corpses were stripped naked. The autumn wind blows, the snowflakes fall, the officers and soldiers are still wearing single clothes, and the leaders are full of embarrassment.

Without cotton-padded clothes, we will not be able to survive this winter, and the team will collapse. I can find a way to make clothes on my behalf, but there is really no way to attack a certain place, take off the clothes of the common people by force, and replace them. This is the text in a letter from ××× (the author has withheld his name, the same below) to ××× on November 16, 1936.And that was two years before the harsher winter that began in 1938. On November 14, 1937, "Chai Shirong and Guan Shufan's Letter to Zhou Baozhong and Song Yifu Regarding the Enemy's Situation and the State of Our Army" stated:

The so-called seasonal disease of the anti-Japanese army keeps recurring. The third regiment teaching group of the troops directly under the headquarters of the army has not yet experienced this seasonal disease. Insufficient education is a major factor in the recurrence of the epidemic, but blindly not being able to stay in a house, taking a break and squatting on the mountain is also the cause of the disease. Unless the Red Army soldiers are fully awakened, this shortcoming may be eliminated. The anti-Japanese old man said that winter is a traitor, not only because of the cold weather, but also because of the "rebellion" of God, and even the "rebellion" of the land master.The heavy snow has changed the landscape and terrain. The clear soup forests in the mountains and the plains can be seen at a glance. It is difficult to hide people anywhere, leaving traces when they move.In the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, the rivers blocked the enemy everywhere, and the meadows and swamps could not enter at all.Now, the ground is as frozen as iron, and enemy cars and sledges are running around happily. As I said before, it was not only the Japanese invaders who defeated the Volunteer Army, but also God. Especially for some mountain forest teams, or teams adapted from mountain forest teams, as soon as the leaves fall, the "seasonal disease" will come, and they feel that there is no other way.Those who really surrendered, those who pretended to surrender, and some threw guns and broke up, saying that they would wait until the next spring when the flowers bloom and gather together. On January 17, 1937, "Wang Runcheng's Report to the Central Delegation" stated: The surrender of these teams is different from before.In the previous surrenders, most of the leaders used various methods to trick the lower classes into surrendering, but this time it was because the problems of clothing, food, and housing could not be solved, the masses wavered, and the leaders could not think of a way.For example, An Tuan and Liu Ying of Shi Lu surrendered around December 2035 and January 2036. By this time, the crusade had already retreated, but they had no cotton clothes to wear and no houses to live in. Once they went to expropriate Supplies have to be fought, and there is nowhere to get them.Battalion Commander Liu cried for three days in the secret camp because of this matter, and finally announced whoever can do it will lead these people to do it. I really have no choice. General Peng Shilu, the deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense before retiring, was eighty-three years old when the author interviewed him. He was born in a landlord family in Wuzhi County, Henan Province in 1916. He studied at Jiaozuo Middle School in Henan Province and Hongda Middle School in Beiping. The traffic officer in charge of sending them to the Northeast was Li Yichen, who was from Shandong and had been in the Northeast for many years.In his thirties, with a middle-lower head, broad shoulders and a broad back, a round face with thick eyebrows and big eyes, he doesn't talk much, and he doesn't seem to know how to laugh.His "identity" was a common entertainer at the time, and Peng Shilu and Wang Jingmin were his "apprentices".It was agreed before departure that the two of them would talk as little as possible along the way, and everything would be handled by the "master". Take the train from Beiping to Shanhaiguan, and go out of the customs. This time it is "going abroad"—there is "Manchuria" over there. "Going abroad" is naturally troublesome. Buying a train ticket, this certificate or that one, I wish I could turn eight generations of your ancestors upside down. The three of them found a small inn to stay overnight. After breakfast the next day, they took their luggage rolls and set off on "No. 11". Barren mountains and wild ridges, country roads, and eat and live at the fellow's house at night.On the evening of the third day, several people ran down the hill and shouted for them to stop.The two students didn't understand what was going on, and stood there dumbfounded.Li Yichen yelled: Beard, it's Jie Dao'er's beard, run away!Seeing that he couldn't run anymore, Li Yichen desperately caught up with a carriage, discussed with the owner of the carriage, and asked two students to climb up, the horse galloped wildly, and the people panted wildly. When we arrived in Suizhong County, the train ticket was bought.After arriving in Changchun, I changed to the train to Harbin, and then took a long-distance bus to Fangzheng.Fangzheng County is a "bandit area". When you buy a ticket, you will be asked where you are going to Fangzheng, who you are looking for, and what you are doing, and you must write your name on the ticket. Peng Shilu's original name was Wang Penghua, and Wang Jingmin's original name was Wang Yonggu.Before leaving for Beiping, Li Yichen said that it was not like the name of a farmer in the Northeast and that it had to be changed.Peng Shilu said my name is "Wang Changgeng", but Li Yichen said yes.Wang Jingmin said that I even changed my surname to "Zhang Yongshun".Li Yichen said "Chang Shun", "Chang Geng" and "Chang Shun", they sound more like brothers.All the way in the car, there are fake policemen who interrogate you, and you stay at the hotel to check the night, and let you shake the things you carry with you.Not to mention changing your name and surname, you still can't pass the "No. 1 pass in the world" with dignity, and go too far in the barren mountains and mountains.This time, they were going to the "Bandit Area" to join their own team. The two passionate scholars were so excited that something went wrong. When I got off the bus, there was a fake policeman on the side of the car door. Li Yichen walked in front with the ticket and questioned him.When asked what the surname of Wang Jingmin, who was called "Zhang Changshun" along the way, he said "surname Wang".Peng Shilu's heart tightened, and when Wang Jingmin replied, "My name is Wang Changgeng," his heart sank, and he realized that he had to change his name and surname to "Zhang Changshun." The author insists on including Peng Shilu in this chapter because he has too many unique firsts in the Anti-League. On the first night after leaving the customs, at the home of a fellow villager, he, a native of the Central Plains, experienced the hot kang in the Northeast for the first time, and he was so burned that he couldn't sleep.And during the days of camping in the ice and snow, his greatest wish was to find a warm bed after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and sleep soundly. Arriving in Harbin after the New Year's Day, I spit out my mouth and immediately froze into ice on the slippery ground, and I immediately thought of the rumor that "you have to hit it with a stick to pee".At this time, he didn't understand what the severe cold, which turned into ice from a drop of water, would mean to him and the Northeast Anti-Japanese League. When I arrived in the 4th Army, it was around Laqi Laba, when my jaw "frozen off".In the secret camp, he saw the oranges that had just been captured frozen like shot puts and iron eggs. What surprised him even more was that instead of being melted in hot water, they were frozen in cold water instead.After about half an hour, a layer of ice thicker than copper coins formed on the surface of the orange. When the ice was broken, the orange became soft.The officers and soldiers told him that if they were put in hot water, the oranges would rot.The same is true for people with frostbite. You can't burn it with fire, but you have to rub it with snow. The skin on the wound will turn red and the blood will flow, so there will be no problem. Peng Shilu, a recruit from the 4th Army, started from scratch.Needless to say, riding and shooting, you also have to learn to eat and shit.When marching, big pancakes filled with rice noodles should be carried close to the body, otherwise they will become discus, with teeth marks on each bite.There is a saying that "children's buttocks are in a big sauce jar". It is so cold that it will not be damaged by freezing.The buttocks of adults are also quite frost-resistant, but what about the genitals?More than minus 40 degrees Celsius, it will be dangerous in a while.When you can't hold back anymore, squat down quickly and make a quick decision. Seeing his snotty nose from the cold, everyone felt sorry for this foreign student from Guanli.Some persuaded him to go to work in the local area, and some said he was "a rabbit's tail-can't grow". The sky is big, the house is big, the kang, how many native Northeast people, can't stand the hunger and cold in the ice and snow, some left the team and went home, and some defected to the enemy.And the hot-blooded man from the land of the Central Plains, in this big smoke bubble in the northeast, fought to win the victory. Sixty-three years later, the old man said that he was able to fight in the Northeast for ten years, first of all thanks to "the first treasure of the Anti-Union Alliance-Ula". The sole and upper are made of a whole piece of cowhide, with a raised semicircular pleat on the upper, and a circle of nose buttons on the shoe mouth.First put a large and thick piece of cloth, called "Ula waist", along the shoe mouth pad, then put the Ula grass in, and then put the feet wrapped in the cloth into the Ula belt, and start to tie the Ula belt.The Ula belt is a hemp rope about two meters long and the thickness of chopsticks. It passes through the nose button.Na Wula's waist reached below her knees, and the Wula belt was tied all the way up, including leggings. Lying in the snow at more than minus 40 degrees Celsius, the big-toed shoes of the captured devils were frozen like cats scratching dogs in an hour.There is nothing wrong with wearing Ula, and it is brisk, and it is not slippery when you tie a straw rope to walk on the ice and snow road-otherwise, how can it be regarded as the "No. 1 treasure of the Anti-Union League". It's just that among human footwear, this Ula is the most troublesome to wear, and it takes half a bag of cigarettes for Kuaishou.The most important link is that the Ulagrass must be fluffed evenly, and a nest is opened, so that the feet can be stretched into it comfortably.It was difficult for Peng Shilu to handle it neatly even after an hour. It was thin here, thick there, thick enough to hurt feet, thin to freeze feet.I saw that the Ula belt was still crossed on the leg, and it was still the same after walking more than ten miles. After a while, his trousers were piled up on the ankle. Now recruits enlist in the army, the first thing is to train the queue.The Anti-Union does not say this.And Peng Shilu's first lesson in the Anti-Japanese League was to learn how to wear Ula - he must first learn how to be a Northeasterner. The old man said that Chairman Mao asked his guard Li Yinqiao whether hands or feet were more important, and Li Yinqiao said hands were more important.Chairman Mao said it was wrong, one cannot walk without feet, and one cannot revolutionize without walking.Walking depends on feet, feet depend on shoes, winter in Northeast China is Ula.In the Northeast, most of the legs and feet are not gunshot wounds, but frostbite.Feet are one of the most vulnerable parts to frostbite, and how many people have their feet frostbitten.No matter how strong your will is, no matter how resolute you are in the war of resistance, if your feet are frostbitten, that person will be useless. The ground is covered with white snow, the mountains are as deep as a foot, covered with dense and towering forests, the wild animals are extinct, the birds are silent, and the silence is cold, just like the prelude to the death mourning of the capitalist world.Guerrilla warfare is the worst situation. The anti-Japanese and national salvation fighters, still wearing a single water shoe, haunt the blockade of bandits and Japanese slaves day and night.The headquarters of the Ning'an Army has newly moved to Linkou, and all preparations are lacking, but the Japanese bandits continue to harass, which makes them deeply anxious. This is a natural paragraph in Zhou Baozhong's diary on November 11, 1936. The old people said that no matter how hard the "crusade" is before returning to the village, they can squat on the mountain during the day and find a village to sleep when they go down the mountain at night.After returning to the village, it will not work, it will be "a big house with a big kang".The most important sign that the Anti-Japanese League has entered a difficult period is camping. Camping in the mountains, the valley is leeward, it is naturally warm, and the terrain is unfavorable when fighting occurs.The terrain on the top of the mountain is good, the wind is strong, not to mention, the fire is blowing here and there, and it is easy to be spotted by the enemy.Usually, a flat place is selected on the mountainside, and sentry posts are set up on the surrounding mountains and downhill, and the enemy is the first to seize the commanding heights.After the deployment is complete, everyone gets busy to "build a fire", that is, to saw trees, chop firewood, build a fire to keep warm, and prepare to spend the night. After 1938, "making fire piles" became almost a daily compulsory course, and any army had to carry axes and saws with them, especially saws, which were even more important than guns.It is the kind of "big belly saw" with narrow ends and wide middle, also known as "fast horse". It can be grown by one person and shared by two people.Choose a tree saw that is thick enough for one person, or thinner. If it is too thick, it cannot be moved, and if it is too thin, it cannot resist burning.No matter how thick or small, one thorny tree and one thorny pine, these two kinds of trees are not needed. When they are burned, sparks are splashed everywhere, burning people and burning clothes.If it is sawed down, it will be cut into pieces again, and the big one will be carried by two people, while the small one will be carried by one person, or dragged to the sleeping place.Remove the snow as much as possible, arrange the bottom layer, put the top layer in a cross, and do the same for the next layer.One person comes with thick wood, 4 in each layer, placed in 3 layers, and can be burned overnight.If the wood is thinner, you have to increase the amount. These are the words of experience summed up in practice.I didn't understand at first, so I piled up a few logs and burned them all in the middle of the night.Or saw some "standing pole trees", that is, dead, dry trees that have not yet fallen, which are easy to burn and not resistant to fire.A few pieces of dry wood are sandwiched in the middle to make firewood, most of which are wet wood, so that the fire pile is resistant to burning, and there are unexpected gains.When the wet wood is burnt, it sizzles and foams at both ends, and when it cools down, it forms a yellow and mushy crystal. It is called "wood alkali" in Beiman and "gum" in Jidong. I don't know if it has any nutritional value. "When it was put in the pot, it was sticky, and the taste was very good. Pots, enamel basins, or devil’s helmets, pork kidney lunch boxes, etc., are propped above the flames, and they are almost gurgling. Regardless of the food, or bark, they get their stomachs warm and sleep by the fire. . If there are dog skins, roe deer skins and so on, put them on the floor, if not, get some twigs.It is tied tightly from head to toe, and everyone has a back strap to sleep on.The gun is by his side, or on his pillow.When the enemy sneaks up and hears the gunshot, he grabs the gun, rolls to the bottom of the big tree on the spot, lies there, or stands up and hides behind the tree to shoot. If there were few people, that person would sleep by the fire.If there are many people, put your feet on the fire and circle around in a radial shape. The people are all bowed like prawns and squeezed together.Of course, consciously or unconsciously leaning towards the fire, it is dangerous if you get too close, and some burn to death.Some of them didn't burn, and when they were touched the next morning, their bodies were stiff. The anti-union management calls camping "a small accommodation". Before 1938, it was an occasional small stay, but after 1938 it became the norm, and it should be called "big sleepover".In the words of some old people, they had to live back in the house at that time, but it became a "snack". The old man Peng Shilu said that there is a movie in which the Anti-Union League sleeps in the snow and covers the bed with a quilt.To sleep, of course you have to have a quilt. The director thought so, and the audience couldn’t see anything wrong with it, so we laughed and wondered where the quilt came from.At that time, people usually had a coat, which was called a "big cloak" at that time, and a few people had a blanket that was also burnt with holes in it, and it was lost after several battles.At that time, I was rolling in the mountains all year round. This mountain and that mountain, this county and that county, I had no food in my stomach, and I was shaking my gun, and I made the bed and quilt, so it was wet, how heavy?Of course, it is not ruled out that a certain army fights a battle, gets a quilt, and covers it several times, but it is untrue in essence.You have interviewed so many people, who covered the quilt? The old man said that there are abandoned charcoal kilns in the mountains, and if you encounter one, you will be in heaven. The old people said that it was really unbearable at first.Lying by the fire, one side's clothes were burnt, and the other side was cold.Look at the one with his feet facing the fire, that person almost always has the same posture.With both hands in the crotch, the body is "hooked" (bowed, bent) forward with all its strength, wishing to insert its head into the crotch too.Can't fall asleep, wake up from the cold, just sit up and warm yourself by the fire, or jump for a while.Birds and beasts also have nests and holes, so which category do we count?Are you still calling someone?But this man is really an adaptive animal.When I became a "savage", the common people said "Damn it", and then I slept soundly, thinking that the Anti-Japanese League should sleep like this.In the past, when new recruits joined the team, they said that they would fight and endure hardships in the Anti-Japanese League. Are you afraid?This time I asked: Can you bear camping and lodging? The wind roars, the snow blows, Zheng Ma hesitated, and the air-conditioning invaded and made it difficult to sleep at night. The chest is warmed by the fire, and the back is cold when the wind blows. Warriors, sincerely work hard to sweep the Nenjiang Plain! Wei Zhixi, how can it be eliminated! All nations, all classes, Unite and take back my land! When it comes to the Anti-Japanese War, people will think of "Song of Camping" written by the anti-Japanese people, which is so natural. Most of the armies had tents, some were captured and some were self-made.Yang Jingyu also designed tents himself. The "comb tactics", "tick tactics", the "big crusade" by the field deputy, and the "special big crusade" in Sanjiang. Sometimes several battles a day, even the most precious machine guns are inserted, and the tent can be imagined. The old people say that no matter how cold it is, as long as there is fire. "Song of Camping" is divided into four sections throughout the year, and no season can be separated from the fire.Spring is "United around the fire, the sky is full of red", summer is "Fireworks soaring into the sky, mosquitoes suck blood through the shirt", autumn is "grass withered and golden wind is urgent, frost morning fire does not burn", winter is "fire burns the chest Warm, the wind blows and the back is cold." No matter how hot it is, the mountains are cool at night, and there is still moisture after the rain. If there is no fire to bake, it will not hurt people, but it can make people sick.Mosquitoes, small bites, and blind horseflies can't do without smoke and smoke.No matter what the season, fire also deters wild animals. The old people said that at that time people resisted creation, but no matter how they resisted creation, they were still human beings!Stomach problems, low back pain, night blindness, rotten crotch, everyone is unavoidable, it's just a matter of severity.The most terrible thing was the cramp, his arms and legs were convulsed, and the man was screaming from the convulsions, and he was about to be hooked into a ball.Playing football nowadays is tiring, but we were tired, hungry, timid, and had everything.Also like a football player, pull up your legs and stretch them, and more importantly, roast them with fire.Especially in winter, you can't do anything without a fire, and it's over if you don't have a fire.The enemy is coming, and they run with their backs on their backs.Running and running, I felt that something was wrong, and when I saw it, that person was dead. The old man Cao Shuyan said that there was a Niu Qizhong who had a long neck and was nicknamed "Long Neck Laowai" (a bird with a long neck and long legs, whose scientific name is "heron"). In the summer of 1940, in a meadow in Hulin, when he woke up, he said, what do you think I am doing?Everyone was startled, the neck suddenly grew a section, more than a foot long.A few of us rubbed and rubbed and pressed for him, will that work?I asked him if it hurt, and he said no.It doesn't matter if it doesn't hurt, except for sleeping, you have to support your chin with one hand, otherwise you won't be able to support your head, and it might be crooked somewhere.There are all sorts of weird diseases in those days when people are not alive.After arriving in the Soviet Union, I saw him with his chin resting on his hands. I don’t know where he went or what happened to him. "Fire Pile" will of course also attract enemies.If there is an enemy situation, you can survive without fire in spring, summer and autumn. At least you can't freeze to death, but it will be difficult in winter.Sometimes the "crusade team" is nearby, so they go to attack it, and fight to keep out the cold.Sometimes there are a bunch of wounded, and we can't fight, so we find a relatively hidden place to make a fire, and at the same time strengthen our vigilance.Because there was no fire, the man was finished that night.Hunger is different from cold. People will not die if they starve for a few days, but freezing to death or frostbite usually takes a while without knowing it. On January 21, 1939, "Instruction Letter to Gao Yumin from the Provisional Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China in North Manchuria", the beginning is: The hungry groans and cold tremors of dear comrades are sent from afar, and enthusiasm is surging around us.The resolute and clear figures of comrades flashed in our minds.We are caring for you day and night, looking forward to the peaks and mountains of Xing'an, we can see the solemn appearance of the Weiling cliffs!Snow White competes with the cold wind!This is really a period that symbolizes a great cause. We clenched our fists and vowed to fight against hunger and cold with an indomitable spirit, and to fight against the evil Japanese invaders!Never stop until victory! On April 19 of the same year, "Gao Yumin's Letter to the Comrades in Charge of the Provincial Party Committee Regarding the Situation of the Troops Down the River" stated: Dear comrades!We survived the cold winter of 1938 and the cold spring of 1937 (9). The soldiers all stretched out their tired bodies and showed joyful spirits. In the words of the old man Shan Lizhi, it is: the snow shell on the shady slope can no longer support people, and the snow on the sunny slope melts, and I feel confident in my heart. Even if the person is alive, he can work with the devil for another year. In the summer of 1934, the 25th Red Army captured Taihu City in the northwest of Anhui Province, and captured a lot. Each officer and soldier was given an umbrella. The most difficult time for the Red Army in the south was the rainy season. It seemed like a missed day, marching and fighting, it was miserable. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance did not leave a single organic company.In the War of Liberation after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the 12 main columns of the Northeast Field Army, special forces, and independent divisions, more or less, mostly had officers and soldiers of the Anti-Japanese War.Some old people said that when they went to the field to see it, it was great to fight guerrillas. It was green all the year round, and they couldn't get cold or hungry. The Red Army's 25,000-mile long march, the hardest thing was climbing snow-capped mountains and crossing grasslands. How can it be compared to the Anti-Japanese War?How long did it take the Red Army to climb the snow mountain?How old is the Anti-Union?As for the grassland, that is, the swampland called "Piao Raftianzi" by the old people of the Anti-Japanese League, it will be written later that when the enemy is "crusating" with heavy troops, they will go to the grassland, because the enemy dare not enter or cannot enter. Lu Dingyi, who participated in the Long March, said: "From 'September 18' in 1931 to Japan's unconditional surrender in 1945, during the 14 years before and after, the sacrifice and struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces was the most tragic." On November 19, 1932, the Duomen Division invaded and occupied Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang Province.Forced to march at night, the temperature dropped sharply, and 6,000 people were frostbitten, accounting for 1/3 of the entire division. It's only mid-November, no matter how low the temperature is, how low can it be?More than minus 20 degrees Celsius is enough, right? Gomikawa Junpei talked about how the Japanese army wore cold-proof clothing in "War and People": first put on military shirts and military underpants (made of flannel) over the cotton sweater, then put on military pants (wool) and a coat (wool) and winter coats (fur coats made of thick wool).Then put on cold-proof chaps and cold-proof leggings below the knees.Wear cotton military socks on your feet, and then put on cold-proof boots.He wears woolen gloves and large cold-proof gloves on his hands, and a cold-proof hat on his head. The wool scarf in the hat wraps the whole head.Cover your face with a nose mask to protect your nose from the cold.After all was dressed, only two eyes were exposed. This is the uniform of the Japanese army patrolling the Sino-Soviet border. The Anti-Japanese League has dealt with such devils a lot.Even the cold-proof clothing of the Japanese army in South Manchuria is not the same as that of the Anti-Japanese League.The enemy is pouring the power of "Manchukuo" to ensure the supply, and the Anti-Japanese Federation can solve everything by itself, and they are not in danger of starvation. Even so, the Japanese army continued to freeze to death and frostbite, not to mention being dragged around by the Anti-Japanese Army, in the mountains of Mada Mountain. It is said that when the Japanese devils saw "Song of Camping", they also expressed their admiration. On December 2, 1941, "Resume of Officers and Soldiers of the Ninth Detachment of the Third Route Army of the Anti-Union Army", Lin Yujin, 39 years old, joined the army in February 1939 to the security company of the 3rd Division of the 6th Army, served as squadron leader and platoon leader, " "None" in the "Number of Injuries and Severity" column, "No toes, frostbite on the left little finger" in the "Characteristics" column. In 1939 (no month and day), "Zhang Shouzhen's Letter to Jin Ce Regarding the Activities of the Troops and the Use of Funds" stated that "on the second night of March", "Comrade Wang Jizhou (former director of the Second Brigade of the Eleventh Army, sent by the Fifth Army) of) the following six froze to death". On February 24, 1940, the "Letter of Unity to Comrade Haishan" stated: During the severe winter of last year when the enemy situation was tense, poor clothing and poor diet, except for a hundred people who had to be sent across the river (the comrades in charge of the Soviet Federation took care to take care of them on their behalf), and during the course of two months, they were injured, sick, hungry, and extremely cold. And more than forty people died. Back then in the Northeast, after a cold snap, the homeless became dead on the streets, unremarkable.If the hands of a farmer are not chapped and cracked, they will not be like a farmer. "Six Claws", "Wang Bald Melon Seeds", "Li Huai's Hand", and "One Ear" are called "X little feet" because they are men, and they are crippled, so they can be regarded as frostbite.Since the establishment of guerrillas in various places, such nicknames have continuously replaced the names of some people. With the autumn wind blowing, while the "seasonal diseases" are being cured as soon as possible, frostbite prevention education is also on the agenda.At this time, frostbite mainly occurs during marching and combat, especially during ambushes.Those who are born and bred have a set of cold protection experience, for those like Peng Shilu, special care must be taken from the beginning.At the same time, the cotton coat on your upper body is ragged than others, so you have to explain why.Occasionally, if you take a small stay, splash sparks and burn some holes, or accidentally burn a piece of cigarettes, you will be criticized.If they burn again, they will be punished, usually by standing and beating with military sticks. Before 1938, all armies could basically do winter cotton and summer singles.There were also those who froze to death, not many.After that, there will be more and more people, and they will not be fined to stand or hit with military sticks—they will all become "savages", who will be punished? Before retiring, Li Guilin, the deputy general manager of Harbin Institute of Technology, was a native of Zhaozhou County, Heilongjiang Province. In August 1940, he joined the 12th Brigade and the 36th Brigade of the 3rd Route Army. On the day when the first winter snow fell, Li Guilin felt a little uncomfortable and was too tired. When he heard the word "fire pile", he lay down on the ground with a thin layer of snow and didn't want to move.Team leader Jing Fang, tall and slender, with a black beard, had one arm cut off from a wound, and held Li Guilin up with one arm. you". When the author interviewed me in 1997, the old man was seventy-three years old, with flat hair and white hair, and his height was at least 1.70 meters.When he joined the army, he was under fifteen years old, and he was also young, and he didn't have a 38-year-old big cover.Although it is said that "the children of the poor are in charge of the family early", they are still children! The old man said that being a cadre worries about getting tired.When the weather is not too cold, you have to roast ula before going to bed, first roast one, put on the other after roasting, mainly roast ula grass.Some are roasting and falling asleep with their bodies tilted, so they have to wake them up quickly and give them a few slaps.Everyone was asleep, and some of them walked towards the fire in a daze, and the leader wanted to drag him back.Usually wake up from the freeze within an hour, if you don't wake up, you have to see what's going on.If you don't see it at a glance, something may happen.There was a man named Tian Fu, whose 10 fingers were frozen off, and later died of freezing. Old man Wang Jun said that in late October 1939, Company Commander Zhu of our 12th Regiment took a soldier Ma Wanhai to run traffic to Liangjiajiao, Nehe County, to deliver a letter.At night, when they "ignited the fire", Ma Wanhai's head was burned, and Zhu Lianchang's two feet were burned away.He crawled for two days and two nights, delivered the letter, and died a few days later. Before retiring, Gao Yulin, deputy director of the Yichun Municipal People's Congress, was the same age as Li Guilin, and joined the 12th team in the same year. The distance between the two families was less than two kilometers.Like Li Guilin, opening your mouth is a matter of fact. The old man said that once in a dream, he said that he made rice dry rice and pork stewed vermicelli noodles, which were delicious.I got up in a daze, and went to the fire to grab it. One hand was burnt to the point of being "burnt and gnawed" (described as scorched and tattered), and now there are so many scars. The old man said that the fire is also afraid of freezing. You can see that the flame is blue. Now it is estimated that the temperature will be more than minus 40 degrees Celsius, so you have to be extra careful, and the leaders dare not close their eyes.The most frightening thing is the sleet and sleet weather in late autumn and early winter, late winter and early spring. The clothes are soaked, and the "fire pile" cannot be taken off to bake.It's hard for a good person to live, there is no food in the stomach, even hungry and cold, is there another one? The westward expedition of the 1st Army and 3rd Division encountered this kind of weather, and I don't know how many non-combat attrition was caused.The information I have seen does not mention this issue.The "six people below Comrade Wang Jizhou froze to death" quoted earlier in this section was caused by heavy rain and snow.The document also stated that "it is said that if the rain is delayed (delayed) by one hour, two-thirds of the team will freeze to death." The old man Li Guilin said that in the winter in Daxinganling, there are not many times when there is no snow. The snow is waist deep, deep beyond the hips, and shallow without the knees.踩雪壳子走，一下没擎住，咔嚓掉下去。爬不上去，就用枪托砸雪壳子，在雪里往前拱，拱出的雪道像工事、战壕似的。有时一脚悬空，又掉进坑洼沟里。沟多深，雪多深，在底下扒雪，像老鼠掏洞似的往前爬、拱。拱不出去，没人拉扯，那就完了。 彭施鲁老人说，行军中最容易冻伤脸和鼻子，休息时是手脚。先是疼，用东北人的话讲，是“冻得像猫咬似的”。像猫咬似的不怕，猫不咬了就是冻伤了，没知觉了。刚冻伤时皮肤发白，那是血管丧失功能，赶紧用雪搓能搓过来，等到发黑就不行了。过度疲劳和体温降低，会影响人的思维判断力，觉得不疼了，没事了，干部就得经常喊几嗓子，提醒大家互相瞅着点。晚上行军更得提高警惕，特别要盯住那几个体质差的人，派人重点照顾，不时清点人数。饿呀累呀掉队了，困得一头栽雪窝子里睡着了，一会儿就冻僵了。肚里没食，那人特别不抗冻，生命特别脆弱，说不行就不行了。 老人都说，其他季节，饿了就睡觉，睡着就不饿了，有的再没醒来。冬天无论多饿多累，没打火堆不能睡觉，睡着了十有八九得完蛋，不死也残废了。 曹曙焰老人说，1940年1月，我在桦川县南山里筹粮，2路军2支队政委姜信泰让我去宝清送封信。我和个朝鲜族机枪手金万义，等走到宝清和富锦交界处的山里，一下子傻眼了。山坡上十来个人，坐着的，蹲着的，躺着的不多，都冻死了。那穿戴，那头发，一看就是咱们的人。四处“撒目”（巡视），前面一个洼兜里又有几个，周围这一个、那一个的，还有一些。好多人那大腿和肚子，都叫野兽啃了、掏了。 老人说，像我这样活下来的，谁没见过冻死、饿死的战友呀？可哪见过一下子冻死这么多呀？就我所知，1938年后冻死、饿死的，比战死的多。 老人说他第一次见到冻死的人，是1936年秋天。他和连长王庆云率连到山外筹粮，买下老百姓地里的庄稼，掰包米棒子，割谷穗、高粱头，往山里背。干了几天变天了，雨夹雪，半夜回到密营，发现少了团部的孙副官，曹曙焰立即带两个人回去找。雨雪停了，北风像狼似的号叫，不知摔了多少跟头，在林子边找到了。孙副官坐在麻袋上，衣服铠甲似的，身子朝前弓着，两只手向前挓挲着，像在烤火，眼睛眯缝着，笑呵呵的。 曹曙焰老人说，我乐坏了，以为这人还活着。喊他不应，上前一抱，吓一大跳，硬邦邦的。后来明白了，冻死的人和战死的不一样，突然中弹牺牲，那表情差不多瞬间就凝固了。冻死的人是笑面，笑模悠悠的。人临死时会有一种幸福感，觉得这个世界挺温暖。那冻死的人是不是要加个“更”字？我还见过敞着怀的，热得受不了了似的。 王钧老人说，1938年，我们12团在通北拉拉屯筹粮后进山，离山还有几里路时，司务长刘殿福和班长韩九发冻死了。刘殿福抱着个塔头墩子当火盆，舌头都硬了，呼啦、呼啦“半语”（说话说不囫囵、完整）了，让我们先走，他烤热乎了再撵队伍。我们给他搓呀揉呀，做人工呼吸，怎么也没救过来。 李在德老人说，冻死的人挺安详，刚冻死时脸上还有些微红。 许多老人谈到冻死的人的脸上的笑容。 1940年初，2路军2支队向虎林转移，有个叫王福实的兵掉队了，曹曙焰回去找，见他趴在雪窝子里一动不动。曹曙焰脱下手闷子试试，还有气。先是背，背不动了，就在没膝深的雪地上拖，拖不动了，就坐那儿喘。王福实说，指导员，你别管俺了，俺活不了了。一会儿说你给俺一枪吧，一会又说你把俺勒死吧。 曹曙焰老人说，那时有碗热乎乎的子粥，他吃了就能走。他说得没错，他活不了了，谁也不能救他。但是，你不能走，只要他还有一口气，你就要陪着你的战友。This is a matter of principle.然后给他弄座雪坟。 许多老人谈到雪坟。 单立志老人说，战场上，只要条件允许，烈士遗体是一定要背下来掩埋的，不能让敌人糟蹋。中国人讲入土为安。环境好时，买口棺材，或是用白布包裹好了埋了。要深埋，那坑怎么也得挖下去两米才行，不然狼呀什么的闻到味儿，能扒拱出来。1938年后就难了。用刺刀抠，拿手扒，弄出个能放进去人的坑，几个人也得喘上几气，用上半天工夫。有时找个坑洼处埋了。冬天冰天冻地的，那坑就更难刨了。有树洞最好了，放进去，能搬动的石头弄几块堵住洞口，搬不动就弄些雪盖上。敌人跟腚撵你，火化暴露目标，烧个人得多长时间？没别的法子，能做到的就是雪坟了。 老人叹口气：抗联没留下几座坟哪。 彭施鲁老人说，《国际歌》第一句是“起来！饥寒交迫的奴隶”，《中华人民共和国国歌》第一句是“起来！不愿做奴隶的人们”。什么是“饥寒交迫的奴隶”？什么是“不愿做奴隶的人们”？那时不知道《义勇军进行曲》会成为国歌，可在那大山里，在雪坟前，我们就唱着这样的歌。有时连唱歌的劲儿都没了，用手捧起一座座雪坟，那心头也是这样的旋律。 老人问我：你说，什么叫“抗联精神”？