Chapter 40 Chapter Thirty-Nine "Officials"

The rooster crowed for the first time, and my great-grandfather woke up.Dress neatly, sit on the edge of the kang and smoke a bag of cigarettes, and then knock the brass cigarette pot the size of a ping-pong ball on the door pier at the side of your feet. . It was still dark, so my great-grandfather would put on his clothes and go out to add some fodder to the two cows, and then he would inspect the crop yard that he created in the mountains of Eastern Liaodong.This is a rare leisure in his day, and his heart also enters the reverie, just like the dream on the hot kang, which is intoxicating.It's still early, and I will be led by that dream, sitting on the dripping stone steps under the eaves, rubbing the hemp rope in the dark for a while.It was nearly dark, and the sound of cigarette pipes and pots on the windowsill stopped the snoring in the whole room.

There is a big long cabinet partition in the middle of the north and south kangs.On the south side of the kang is the grandpa and grandma, leading a group of grandsons and granddaughters with good hands and feet. Across the long cabinet is the "room" of grandpa and grandma. Half and half.On the roof without a canopy, there are four poles protruding slightly from the edge of the kang, usually a large home-woven coarse cloth dyed red, hanging from the poles to the edge of the kang like curtains or curtains.People in the Northeast are called "mantles", and when you get married, you have to "hang the mantle".Pull it open during the day and close it at night to seal each "room".

Hearing the "reveille", there was movement in the veil.After pulling back the curtain and leaving the hospital, the first wisp of cooking smoke rose behind the group of people. Regardless of the fields or silkworm farms, when we get there, it happens to be the time when we can see the work. Sometimes there will be fewer people in the team, and the grandfather will go back and look for them.That person was sleepy, stumbled in a daze, or fell down without knowing why, and fell asleep.Grandpa kicked his ass a few times, saying that he is a good-for-nothing, when will he be a head when he sleeps?Do people still have enough sleep in this life?

In the 1950s, when Gao Yubao's novel "Chicken Crowing at Midnight" was almost a household name, my grandfather, who was kicked the most, said that your great-grandpa was almost as good as "Zhou Papi" except that he didn't learn how to crow. Every month around the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, especially in the season of "three springs are not as busy as one autumn", my ancestors almost followed the sun and the moon. I don't know how many lands my ancestors planted, how many silkworms they planted, how many trees they felled, and how many trees they planted in the Nianzigou mountain on the east road, but I do know how three pretty grandmas married us. House's.Nowadays, no matter how ugly or poor a rural girl is, she doesn't have to worry about finding her husband's family. It was even less of a problem then, because there were very few women in the Northeast.Grandpa repeatedly explained to the matchmaker that despite the size of the dung piles and firewood piles in my house, "right now" (right now, now) really don't have much money.The matchmakers almost said in unison: Your family is so capable, the dung piles and firewood piles are obviously mountains of gold and silver.

Huzi also took aim at the big dung pile and firewood pile in my house, and decided that the family was rich. The exact time is uncertain, but it was after beating the Japanese car of the "mining ghost" as a "monster". The sorghum was drying the red rice. It was raining that day, and the family stayed at home. In the evening, the beard came. The old man said that he saw about a dozen of them, including a fast gun, and the rest were old foreign guns.Our family also has old foreign guns, and the people who go to work in the fields almost have one shot per person.Release silkworms, and "birds" (northeast people called "birds" at that time "qiao") eat silkworms and used them to bombard birds.Huzi was wearing a coir raincoat, poking his head out of the trees outside the "shoji" (fence) of our house, shouting where to send the 1,000 yuan tonight "Xiawan" (evening), otherwise he would be "smashed".Your great-grandfather and your grandpa had many good things to say to them.I wondered, at that time our family could have a hundred and eighty yuan, but can these bastards believe it?In two strokes, "Zhiba" (meaning one is support, and the other is fighting) is on.

This is a desperate resistance.Grandpa and the three grandpas were lying on the kang, and four old foreign guns were mounted on the window sill, spraying iron sand outside with a bang.The grandma and the three grandmas lay down on the edge of the kang to load the empty gun with sand and medicine.At the beginning it was unavoidable that the hands and feet trembled, but everyone understood that this was to defend the homeland and life, including the defense of people like me who still need more than ten years to come to this world.Loading, shooting, assembly line work in the house, the beard outside is miserable.In the water, the sky and the water, the gunpowder is too high, and most of them can't be fired.The scary rifle only fired two shots, maybe it was out of bullets, or it was reluctant to fire, but the firepower was not as strong as mine.

Stop hitting, Beard is gone.The villagers who came to the rescue from Mizoguchi shouted countless times, and the farmer who shot someone with a gun for the first time stopped the action of loading and shooting repeated countless times. I went to the old Zhang's house in Nianzigou to "smash the kiln" and was beaten away.If this word gets out, how can you mess around in the rivers and lakes?Everyone knew that this time they caused trouble, and the gang of beards had to gather more beards to take revenge, but no one knew what to do.The three grandfathers took turns to be on duty every night, and went to Mizoguchi Baozi to inquire about news during the day.After half a month like this, the pungent smell of gunpowder permeating in and out of the ditch has gradually faded away, and the busy season has come.

That night, when a group of people came back from work in the dark, they were shot at gunpoint as soon as they entered the yard.The second grandmother, who was on duty to cook, and a group of children were tied to the kang, with a cotton cap gag in their mouths. Hu Zi kidnapped the old man, and said: Take 10,000 yuan to redeem the ticket, or even a dime less. The old grandpa told me that Huzi wanted to kidnap the head of our family. Your grandfather is the head of the house. The three of us were anxious and said that we were the head of the house.If you have a son, you can't let Lao Tzu suffer this crime.Your grandfather is the master of Zhuangjiayuan, and it is difficult to find the second one among thousands of children. He is stubborn and loves to "pull out his eyes" (admittedly, he will not be flexible), isn't that a disadvantage? ?Your second grandfather has been blind all his life. He can't see his features clearly in the mirror, and his body is not good enough. Let his beard toss for a few days, and then get angry in a hurry, and his life will be gone.If you want to talk with your heart, be able to speak well, and say what you see, our old Zhang's family has to count me.

The old man said that he walked eastward for 20 miles that night, and another 20 miles the next day to a fort called Huangjiaditai.There are more than a dozen families, the beard brigade is there, there are about a hundred people, making a lot of noise, killing pigs and stewing chickens, and hugging their wives. The "Yangzi House" (the place where the hostages were held—Editor's Note) was set up in a warehouse at the foot of the mountain in a single courtyard. Counting my grandfather, there were sixteen "Yangzi" (hostages) in total, and the older one was in his sixties. The youngest was in his teens, and the four of them tied their backs in a string and sat on the ground.Untie the rope while eating, and a few beards look at it with guns, and then tie it up after eating.Two clay pots of sorghum rice, or big rice, with a few salted radish lumps on top.Most of the rice was rotten, infested by flies, and sometimes there were no lumps of salted radish.People can also make it clear: this is the thing, you can eat it if you like it.If you want to eat delicious food or drink spicy food, you can redeem tickets as soon as possible.

The grandfather said that the most unbearable thing is "boiling the eagle". Many "Yangzi"'s hands were worn out by the rope, and some of them still lacked ears. The old man knew that the beards were cut off and sent to the meat ticket home.I can't figure it out, the size of an egg or egg yolk, why are there some buns on the head of the "Yangzi"?Thinking like this, I was sleepy, leaning against the wall in a daze for an unknown amount of time, and suddenly my head hurt like it exploded, and tears came out all at once.Opening his eyes, the short, bearded man who was guarding them, carrying a two-foot-long cigarette pouch, walked up to a dozing child on the opposite side, and hit his head again with the small hammer-like cigarette pouch.

The old man said that the beard would not let the "Yangzi" sleep, and to see who fell asleep, he would chisel you with a pipe and pot, which is called "boil the eagle".That person was so boiled that he had no bones, no soul, and turned into a pile of meat.I let them endure for two and a half days, and they will survive for another two days, and I can't even run. Not allowed to sleep, just homesick and thinking about things.In the words of the old man, he was thinking about everything in his next life over and over again. As far back as I can remember, the words I heard from my father and grandparents later often reminded me of the "painful talk about the history of the revolutionary family" in the revolutionary modern Peking opera "Red Lantern", but there is no "revolution" at all, but They are subject words such as "serious", "duty", and "honest". "Don't eat what is poisonous, don't do what is illegal", "Our old Zhang family is a decent family", the argument is that from Shandong to Northeast, no one has ever committed anything.If someone in the grandparents lived to this day, they would still say that from your great-grandfather to my great-grandson, none of the six generations called the public security bureau or the police station to find them.When they evaluate a person, they often say "he is a decent person" or "this person is not a decent person".The standard of decency is not only hard work, but also rules.Smiling without showing your teeth is only for women.Sitting on the kang should "sit cross-legged four times", and you can't cross your legs or rub your legs wherever you sit. This is the case for men, and the word "geng" is added for women.You can't talk when you eat, you have to pick your side of the food when you eat, you can't pick the plate, men have to gobble it up, women have to chew slowly.Adults talk, children don't interrupt.When a guest comes, it is the elders who have to bow to them (called "give a gift"), and then call them according to the introduction of the adults.This kind of education runs through all words and deeds in daily life, and is an important content of "decent people" and "decent people".My three grandmas, my mother, and a dozen aunts, uncles, great-grandfathers, and grandpas were selected based not on the person, but on their family, whether they were “serious people”.And "serious people" are people who understand the rules, have no extravagant thoughts, and work hard to live by their strength.In fact, when the old man was kidnapped, the family with the rare large dung piles and large firewood piles in a radius of tens of miles was already looking to be rich. Therefore, my grandparents believed that beards ruined our family and our family's dream of getting rich. After the first cigarette pot, the old man aimed at a pair of plow sticks leaning against the wall at the door.I thought of a lot of ideas the night before, but a group of four people didn't sit there, and the opportunity came the next night.At about midnight, the wild boar oil lamp on the window sill made crackling noises from time to time, and the old man broke the coils of rope thicker than chopsticks that tied his hands behind his back on the share. Holding the end of the rope tightly in his hand, he said, "I want to 'pull' (to poop)." "Yangzi" wants to urinate, and the beard is too troublesome, so sometimes he asks you to urinate in the crotch, and the stool cannot be ignored. A group of four people dragged them out of the yard.The short, bearded man came up to untie the old man's trousers cursingly with a clay pistol in his hand, but the old man ran away as soon as he let go.Beard yelled "Slip (run)", "Slip", the broken pistol rang before he picked it up, hitting his own foot. The old man said, once the gun was fired, I was done thinking about it, but I still knew it was "it's over", isn't it just not over yet?I just "grasp the mountain and scratch the hill with my life" (struggling for my life means desperately, grasping the mountain means climbing the mountain, and scratching the hill means rushing to the mountain ridge).You can't run along the ditch, the beard brigade is there.The opposite mountain is in the direction of our house. It is impossible to shoot a gun in the mountain, and it is not easy to catch me.Before leaving home, your grandma changed a pair of new shoes, and lost one at some point, and it was blood-stained by stones and tree stubbles, but she didn't feel any pain.The chicken ran back without crowing for the first time.If there are another 40 miles, I can still run, but as soon as I see my home, I will be bored and can't run anymore. After running for more than ten miles, I heard chasing shouts from behind.It may be true, or it may be an illusion.In the bright moon field, a big yellow dog suddenly jumped out from the side of the road.The old man said, I was so frightened that the ends of my hair stood on end, so if I was knocked down or screamed, wouldn't it be over?The dog didn't pounce, didn't bark, and wagged its tail at me.God bless!When I saw a mountain temple, I kowtowed there.I saw a land temple again, and there were three bangs, bangs, bangs, and I ran again, wishing I could run my heels to the front. Grandpa didn't close his eyes for two nights, stopped patrolling and twisting hemp rope, just sat on the steps outside the window and smoked a cigarette.It may be telepathy, when I heard the approaching footsteps from Mizoguchi, I got up and said that "Old Bangzi" (old lump, youngest son) is back, and strode forward to meet him. Grandpa made a quick decision, like a general issuing an order: the house, the land, the silkworm farm, the crops waiting to be harvested, and the tussah silkworms are all gone, and only take something that can be carried with you, and each person takes two big pancakes, and leaves immediately. After walking for a few days, we came to the birthplace of our generation - the midpoint station of Anfeng Railway, Caohekou Town, Benxi County. There is a Minjia Street in the small town of Benxi County, where my father-in-law’s family lives.He said that three people from his great-grandfather's generation brought them here from a place called "Little Yunnan" in Jinan Prefecture, Shandong Province. They also carried two urns, and brought the ashes of his parents and grandma. Soon there was a Minjia Street. My father-in-law, who passed away in 2001 at the age of eighty-five, was a farmer all his life, and said that he had never read enough in his life.At that time, Xiaoshi was a fortress of hundreds of families, and there was a small school. When he didn't come second in the exam, he was always number one.When I was in my fourth year, the "September 18th" incident changed, the world was in chaos, and the school was ruined, so I went home to farm. When I was chatting here that day, a childhood playmate of my father-in-law called "Erhuang Mao" came and interjected: Changyi (father-in-law's name), if you hadn't caught up with "Manchuria", you wouldn't be where you are today. is you. My father-in-law's father, that is, my grandfather-in-law, is called Ye Zhangren in the folks, and he is called "Min Da Bian Dan".After the land is planted in spring, the medicinal materials are dug up the mountain and released on the Taizi River in summer.When the crops came into the field in autumn, they picked up a pair of pick baskets full of earthenware pots and left, shouting, "The earthenware pots are exchanged for pig hair and skins".Benxi, Huanren, Tonghua, Liuhe, Qingyuan, Fushun and other places shouted all the way, and the shoulder poles trembled for a hundred and eighty miles every day.The earthen jars were replaced and bought with money.What month was the beast killed? Whether it lived on a sunny slope or a shady slope, you can tell at a glance from its fur.The main thing is to exchange (receive) pig hair.It's freezing, and the crop yards are killing new year pigs one after another, and the pigs have a lot of hair.Stay in a small shop or someone's house at night, wash the pig hair with hot water, remove the white meat from the root and the scorpion on the hair, separate the pig hair and bristle, root to root, tip to tip, and use a rolling pin Bundle them thick and thin, and put them under the kang mat to dry.Get up the next morning, and then 10 bundles into a big bundle.Feeling that the portion was about the same, I took a shortcut and sold it in Fengtian City, and then went to the surrounding counties to sell it.Usually when the first month is approaching, the last batch of goods is sold, and I buy some small department stores in Fengtian City, and they are almost sold out when I get home. An autumn tail, plus most of the winter, can earn more than 300 yuan, which is a good long-term job for a year. After the "September 18th" Incident, the farmer and freelancer "Min Dabiandan" went out of business.Who would dare to earn this money in that world?Don't die? It's not that my grandfather doesn't love the land, but that the land doesn't love him.A family of more than 20 people with only a dozen acres of land, can they support themselves by digging food from the soil?After returning to Guitun, the land in the ditch on the side of the mountain was not allowed to be planted, and there were only a few mu of land left. My father-in-law had drilled wells for the Japanese garrison compound in Xiaoshi, and dug pits and ditches for the "mining ghosts" here and there.My father-in-law really doesn’t know how to hide traitors and play tricks. He said the same thing as my father: “If you work to earn money, you have to be worthy of the money.” Once tired, I stood there for a while, and let a “mining ghost” see it. Ear photon.The father-in-law was on fire, and the shovel was raised. A man over 1.80 meters tall, young and strong, with that shovel swung down, two lives were lost.An old "mining ghost" hugged his father-in-law by the waist, and shouted at the "mining ghost", saying look at the sweat on his body and that shovel.Of the shovels issued at the same time, the father-in-law's was the most worn out.The "mining ghost" gave his thumbs up and said that you are very good, and he gave his father-in-law more money that day. If you earn enough to eat, if you don’t work, you have no hope.As soon as the father-in-law gritted his teeth, he ran to the house of an uncle and sister along the Xiaohuli River in Fujin County, Manchuria. It is said that the Great Northern Wilderness can dig out a few shovels of land wherever you go. Uncles and sisters say that who has such a mind these days, "carry the year" (be a long-term worker, do a big job) and earn two cash. The father-in-law said that it was the time when the shovels were all over the ground, and the sun went down to the ground before the sun showed its face.There are bumps in this place and there, and the shoveling is finished after turning a "misty" (circle) around each piece of land.The ridge of the field is long, and the short one is 2 miles.Dozens of people are lined up, the leader stands in the middle, the adults "take" (shovel) four ridges, and the "half-handed" take two.Who have I served in this job?But in the first few days, I tried my best to breastfeed, and I could only grab the top 20.The one at the head shoveled to the ground, sat there and finished smoking a bag of cigarettes, and some only shoveled half of it.When the sun was as high as a pole, a large rubber-wheeled carriage came to deliver food.The big steamed buns with white flowers and bubbling flowers were folded several times with a scorpion, like a mountain of silver.The dish is stewed kelp with tofu. Everyone can get a few pieces of meat and salted duck eggs, which is enough.When delivering lunch, the account manager also came, holding a money box.Those who do the work are all "runners". Those who are new to the job and have never done it before, the slower the slower, the more tiring. Often, some people can't stand it and quit, and they are paid half a day's wages.Check out once a day, and send money after dinner.Among the newcomers, I earn the most, 1 yuan and 2 cents.At that time, in Baozi, a small city, if there was 1 yuan a day, it would be a beautiful day. After working for a few days, the boss and the leader felt that the father-in-law was the leader. When the father-in-law sent letters everywhere for the whole family to come, the situation changed.In the words of my father-in-law, "a plainclothes team has been formed." My father-in-law and local people called all kinds of anti-Japanese armed forces, including the Anti-Japanese League, "plainclothes teams." They said that some plainclothes teams did not harm the common people, while others were like beards.Today the plainclothes team left, and tomorrow the devils, puppet soldiers, and police came, and later there was the Xing'an Army, which the locals called "Mongolian cavalry".The father-in-law said that when the police team came into the house, they made pancakes stew chickens, and the "Mongolian horse team" was the best at ruining women. I heard that Huzi caught some of them and cut off their eggs. During the autumn harvest, there are more busy workers, 200 people come.The food is better, four meals a day, three meals in the field, and also dry in the moon field.What surprised and relieved the father-in-law was that the boss sent more than 20 gunners every day, armed with live ammunition, and guarding the surrounding area.The owner has more than 50 housekeepers, and the other half stay at home, so there is even more need to guard against beards. At the end of the night, the gunshots rang out.The father-in-law was taken aback for a moment, and then ran with the others to the nearby sorghum field.Ping-pong-pong played a bag of cigarettes, the beard fell off, and the next day's work was reduced by about half. The host is an old man in his sixties, wearing a top hat and carrying a civilized stick, standing in the compound with blockhouses at the four corners, giving speeches to the workers.He said, it's not that I don't want to keep you, it's because of the world.Everyone gets an extra month's salary, and there were a lot of people who came here yesterday. You can go to your relatives and friends for convenience, our family is going to the city too.On the day when I come back, the big guys don't dislike me, and come to me, I won't lose money, old and young. The father-in-law was about to return to his hometown in Benxi, only to find that the "certificate" was gone. The father-in-law said that walking from Xiaoshi to Benxi, taking the train to Harbin, taking a boat to Fujin, and then walking to Crouching Tiger, the "certificate" must be seen by the police at least 20 times.I wrapped it in paper for fear of losing it, but the more careful it was, the more afraid it was lost.If you don't have this thing, don't say you go home. There is no guarantor in this field, and you will be arrested as a "floating wave".If something is lost, this thing cannot be lost either.Your aunt and uncle were in such a hurry that they made a mouthful of it the next morning. It's useless to be in a hurry, let's get another certificate.The father-in-law wrote a "Explanation and Request for the Loss of the "Certificate"", and my aunt found two more families as guarantors, fingerprinted it, and handed it to Chief Jia, who then sent it to the police station.We all know what the police station does. The father-in-law has a total of more than 50 yuan on him, and he handed over the whole number to Chief Jia to send it up. The father-in-law thought he couldn't just sit idle, but had to find some work to earn some money--the job came, and he returned to the village. Returning to Yongantun, there used to be dozens of households there, two families squeezed into each other, and they will build houses in the spring of next year.Digging trenches, erecting barbed wire, repairing fences, and building gun towers, all these security facilities must be completed before the land is sealed by heavy snow.Getting up at five o'clock, climbing in the middle of the night, doing nothing for nothing, sometimes straightening up, the police will hit the horse stick without thinking. Jiachang's surname is Li, and he has some partial relationship with his aunt's family, and he is a real person. He said that now he can arrest people for work, and let him go, a ready-made living person?After returning to the village, the "certificate" will come down.In the end, there was still no sign. I went to the police station to ask several times, and they all said that this is an extraordinary period and strict inspection is required.Li Jiachang was also confused.In terms of the market, 50 yuan is enough to get a certificate, and there is no need to "strangle the neck" (mob, ask for bribes), so what reason is there? That afternoon, my aunt ran back with a pair of wrapped and loose feet, holding a "passport" to Fujin County.It is said that Li Jiachang has a kowtowing elder brother who runs a restaurant in the county, and see if he knows any "connected" (capable) people who can help. Li Jiachang's kowtow brother is in his forties, from Shandong, he is taller than his father-in-law, and he is very straightforward, saying that this matter is not far from it. There are two storefronts the size of a house, with four tables in the middle and long benches around each. Sorghum rice, sauerkraut, and potato stewed vermicelli are the main courses, and there is a dish of boiled salt beans for drinking. It is the most common public restaurant. .The tables were almost full of people, and the noisy ones were all in Shandong dialect, who looked like "running errands".Some of them got too drunk and started to sing, and everyone followed suit. They all sang "running errands" songs. More than sixty years later, my old father-in-law told me that it was not called "singing" at that time, but "singing", and there was too much singing.There is a song, three paragraphs, the first line is "running errands, outside", it is difficult to sing, and it is difficult to leave, no one at home, how difficult it is to be outside, parents are hard to be filial, and the wife gave birth to a son Like the shopkeeper Zhang on Qianjie.There is also a "running errands three do not return", one is that if you do not earn money, you will have no face to return, and the other is that you cannot return when you go to a coal mine and break your leg. Who will support you when you return?Three forgot.He also sang to look south in the first year, with tears in his eyes, in the second year he looked south and saw his family members burning incense, in the third year he stopped looking, and died as a guest.I don't know who made it up, I don't know the title of the song, and no one taught it. Anyway, "Running Errands" will sing after listening to it a few times. He also sang "A runner does not have a 'certificate', and without a 'certificate' he becomes a 'black', and if he has no money, he will not be able to go home and live." He also asked "Listen carefully, and be a cow in the next life Horses don't go through the Guandong." My father-in-law asked me: The police department did not issue permits for me and those "runners". Is it because the little devils know that these people will not come back when they go back, and next year there will be no one to plant the land in this field?You write about the Anti-Japanese War and study "Manchukuo", do you think it makes sense? The owner of the store came back and said that his kowtowing brother had gone to the south to recruit the police, and he would be back in a short while tomorrow.Seeing the eager look of his father-in-law, he said again: "My brother, don't get angry. I have to do what Li Jiachang asked me to do.If he doesn't do it, I will "cut" (beat, beat) him. After not closing his eyes all night, the shopkeeper looked at his father-in-law's rabbit-like eyes, sighed, and gave him a few yuan to go to the collection to cut a piece of thick meat. After the first snowfall, the two-foot-thick snow on the ground increased by about half a foot, and the houses on the roadside looked even lower.Today, Fujin belongs to the Jiamusi area, but in those days it was "a small Jiamusi, a big Fujin county".When my father-in-law passed by here on his way to Beihuang in spring, it was quite lively.Small vendors, bed stalls, restaurants, and clothing shop assistants can shout "hot cake", "fragrant rice porridge", "old tofu is hot".Sugar blowers, cotton candy sellers, foreign film sellers, tweezers, shaved heads, fortune-tellers, you can see "poor" women everywhere, with sewing baskets by their side, mending clothes, socks, etc. The ones who didn't get the job were on the soles of their shoes.Now called the "labor market" of "Gongfu City", there are carpenters with adzes, planers, axes and saws, bricklayers with trowels, and odd jobs with poles or other household items.Most of the "errand runners" carrying hoes and other agricultural tools were hired away.There will be no people in the city at this time.But the new year is almost over, and in normal times, the streets should be crowded with people who buy new year's goods, and the firecrackers have already brought the taste of the new year, and there are not many people going in and out of the big and small shops. Carrying a piece of meat and walking back, a rubber-wheeled carriage came head-on, with a "white hat" sitting on it.The father-in-law was caring, afraid of the police, and had to look at it, so he felt familiar.The snow light, the sun, the backlight is dazzling, afraid of admitting a mistake, I put my hand on the eyelids to look again, yes, I dared to call out: Is it Jin Yongxue? Jin Yongxue is from a small city, a few years older than his father-in-law, and he has known him since he was a child. He has been in the Great Northern Wilderness for some years, but he did not expect to meet him here, let alone the kowtowed police officer that the owner of the small restaurant was looking for. . After hearing what his father-in-law said, Jin Yongxue took out a business card, put the pen that was too cold to sink into his mouth, heaved a sigh of relief, wrote two lines on it, and asked his father-in-law to hand it to a policeman named Gu in Yongantun.He also said, Xiaoshi looks like that, how will you live when you go back?Fujin is recruiting the police, and the police are well paid, so we don't hurt the world, so why not just follow along? The father-in-law wanted to become a policeman because he didn't trust that business card and the total of less than 30 characters on it.It’s a big day and a thousand difficulties, just get a small piece of paper and write two lines on it, and that’s enough?A week after handing it over to the policeman surnamed Gu, he got the "certificate". When he really tasted its magical power, he still couldn't believe it was real.My farmer father-in-law, who lived to be eighty-five years old, is inconceivable no matter how much he has heard about the tricks of the officialdom. The father-in-law said that before returning to the village, there was a senior officer of the plainclothes team with a small gun who often lived in his aunt's house.This senior official liked his father-in-law very much, and when he was mobilized to join the team, his father-in-law was tempted.My aunt disagreed desperately, saying, "A gun doesn't recognize a person."This time my father-in-law wanted to be a policeman again, and my aunt was even more angry: I am too poor to die!If you go to be a "white hat", I will not recognize you as a younger brother! My ancestors believed that the home in Nianzigou, and the dream of making a fortune that was about to come true, were destroyed by beards.And what I can confirm is that if my father-in-law joined the plainclothes team that is most likely to be the Anti-Japanese League, or became a fake policeman, or if the shovel was swung at the "mining ghost", my wife and children would not be where they are today look like. It was written earlier that Zhang Chuanfu, head of the Taipingchuan Puppet Self-Defense Regiment in Tangyuan County, led the uprising. Here we are talking about Zhang Chuanfu, the head of the village in Erdaogou, Laoheishan, Dongning County. Zhang Chuanfu's hometown is Rizhao County, Shandong Province. In 1916, at the age of fifteen, he went to the Guandong with his father and worked as a porter in Sanchakou Town, Dongning County. The father and son became "errand runners" in spring and autumn. In 1928, the whole family came and settled down in Xiaowushegou to open up wasteland and farm. In 1939, Jijiabin Village, Xiaowushegou and several villages were designated to Erdaogou to build a "group tribe".The first batch of ten or so households from Xiaowushegou had just moved here, and the enemy changed their minds again, saying that Erdaogou was not suitable for building a "group tribe" and asked them to move again.Zhang Chuanfu thought this place was good, so he ran to the Laoheishan village office, saying that the officials were farting and the common people were running around. Isn't this a bear and a tosser?We didn't leave, we just stayed there.The village office knew it was wrong, so it said that ten or so households would not work anyway, and at least twenty households were needed to build a tribe.The village office had notified other villages not to move to Erdaogou, thinking that Zhang Chuanfu would not be able to gather 20 households. Unexpectedly, Zhang Chuanfu quickly mobilized more than 10 households, all of them from Rizhao. Regardless of whether the people from Guanli crossed the Guandong, or the people from the South Manchuria traveled to the Northern Wilderness, most of them came from acquaintances.When a person went somewhere, he sent a message saying that the place was good and raised people, and relatives and friends came here in droves. Place names such as "Shandongtun", "Tianjin Ban", and "Hunanying" all have their origins.People from Tianjin have a sharp mouth, can speak well, and can fool little devils.There are many people in Shandong, they are loyal, united, and don't listen to evil, so devils and traitors are a little frightened. Erdaogou is less than 10 kilometers away from Laohei Mountain. An Erdaogou River roars down along the bottom of the ditch. It is not so remote, but it is a big mountain and a deep ditch. It is extremely inconvenient to enter and exit, and it seems to be far away from the world.The trees here are towering, and there were no other houses before. There was only a "wooden gang" (forest farm, logging team) in the ditch.A few seasonal "errand runners", together with roe deer, wild boar, tiger, and black blind man, cut wood and released rows in the ditch.At that time, the Erdaogou River was full of water, and the wooden rafts flowed down the river, and they could be placed in today's Suifenhe City. The Japanese and puppets felt that Erdaogou was not suitable for building a "group tribe", so it was logical that the Anti-Japanese League took a fancy to Erdaogou. Li Weikui, an old man who currently lives in Laoheishan Town, was the first person from Erdaogou to see the Anti-Japanese War. The old man said, after our family returned to Erdaogou, I went to work in the "wooden gang" in the ditch, and made a lot of money in the "wooden gang".At the end of the year, I went home one night and walked to the south ditch of Red Deer Yaozi. There were a few people standing in the moon field, beckoning me to go.They are all wearing Japanese clothes, and the household items are two big pieces, a three-eight cover and a box gun.Japanese don't have box guns?They said, don't be afraid, we are the Anti-Japanese League, and they fought against Japan, so they told me.I asked if there were any Japanese, "Manchu" troops in the village, what was the name of the head of the village, and what kind of person he was, I told them all.An officer with a big beard and a small gun, later found out that he was Chai Shirong, commander of the 5th Army, and asked me to report to the head of the village.Zhang Chuanfu came up after staying overnight, and he was the one who contacted the Anti-Union League in the future.Buying things, sending information, sending food, every household in Erdaogou sent food to the Anti-Union League.In winter, when there is less delivery, there will be more leaves when the door is closed. Commander Chai, Secretary Ji (Qing), and Kim Il-sung often lead people to move in the ditch. The old man Gao Yuanliang, who still lives in Erdaogou, said that Zhang Chuanfu notified and organized who will deliver, how much to deliver, where to deliver, and who will lead the team, all at night.At the beginning, we walked through the gate, and the gate guards were the Self-Defense Corps, just like us.Later, when there was a police force, they climbed over the fence.The fence is about two feet high, and it was repaired when I returned to the village. There was still a ditch dug outside, and a few people passed by first, and then the grain was passed over.The secret camp of Maluyaozi is more than 10 miles away, and the secret camp of Piandizi is about 40 miles away. They are all mountain roads and night roads, and they have to cross several rivers.It's easy to go in winter, just go up the river.I suffer the most when the river is icy and the river water "pickles" (zha, meaning "Bian") bones. After walking a few miles ashore, my body is sweating, and my legs and feet are still like two logs. There is a 200-meter-long path to Red Deer Yaozi, which is wide for one person. One side is close to the cliff, and the other side is a 100-meter-deep stream. The bottom is Erdaogou River.The old people who delivered the food all said that the Japanese went to the mountains to "crusade", and they went around far away, and they didn't dare to go during the day.If it weren't for the delivery of food to the Anti-Japanese League, many people in the village would not dare to leave, and they would feel dizzy just looking at it.When I climbed over the wall, I didn't dare to let out the atmosphere, and I couldn't hear the singing here. The river water seemed to have dozens of old cows roaring, and people seemed to be floating on the water.Heideng was confused, grasping the branch firmly with one hand, and moved up cautiously step by step.Carrying a 50-jin bag of grain on the back, sometimes the wind is strong, and it keeps falling.If he missed his foot or missed his grasp, the person went down without even splashing the water bubbles. The old man Shi Dezheng, who has moved to Laoheishan, said that at the beginning, the food was sent to the "Mu Gang" of Red Deer Kiln. , and later we were able to go to the secret camp.Once I saw Kim Il Sung in Red Deer Kiln, it was snowing, and he was wearing rubber shoes with exposed toes.I exchanged my almost new pair of rubber shoes with him, tried them on, and they fit well. In December 1940, Ji Qing, political commissar of the 5th Army and secretary of the Daonan Special Committee, wrote in the "Records of the Fifth (Should be "Second"—the Author) Route Army Southern Activities of the Anti-Japanese Alliance": Over the past year, farmers in Erdaogou Tunzi, Hongshilazi, and Mantianxing, who have been closely related to each other, have requisitioned about 30 shi for supplies. We decided to use this place as the final base. . At the beginning of October of this year, Zhang Chuanfu took a child back from the secret camp of the film base. On July 16, Zhang Jingqiu, the wife of Zhenglong, the deputy official of the 5th Army, gave birth to a girl in a secret camp on the set of the film. In August, Fang Zhenglong died in the battle of Quanyan River in Ning'an County.The leaves opened the door, and the snow was about to fall, and the secret camp personnel were ordered to transfer.Zhang Chuanfu said that the child should be carried back to me. Chen Bian's daughter-in-law is not "happy" (giving birth), and the couple are very good-hearted, so there is no mistake. The enemy had long suspected that Erdaogou was a "bandit collaborator". This time, somehow, they heard that Chen Bian's family had adopted a child, and sent spies to find out.Zhang Chuanfu had already explained it, and everyone said that he picked it up on the way to Laoheishan.Secret agent Zhang Shi'en was originally from the National Salvation Army, and he was friendly with Yin Hongsheng, the accountant of the "Mu Gang", and said that he would find a job for him in the county.The two walked to a willow tree in Wanbao Bay, and Zhang Shien took out his gun.At this time, Yin Hongsheng was still quite stubborn, and the Japanese Gendarmerie in Laoheishan beat him up, and they all did it. The gendarmerie first arrested Zhang Chuanfu, and then took away more than 20 people in three batches. More than half of the young and middle-aged men in Erdaogou were taken away. 高元亮老人说，张传福关单间，俺们这些人都是一屋子几个。那墙半尺多厚，手指头粗的棍子夹两层，糊上黄泥。张传福用筷子抠个缝，告诉俺们不要乱咬，就说是屯长让干的，不干不行，都往他身上推。一屋传一屋，一批传一批，用现在的话讲叫“统一口径”。 第三批第一个受审的是高元亮。 带进屋，一个翻译就问“胡子”进屯子几次，有多少人。高元亮说黑灯瞎火的，也不让走动，就知道俺家有两个人。又问谁让你们给“胡子”送粮，都送哪去了，“胡子”的密营在什么地方。高元亮说屯长让送的，想了想又加上个尹洪升，其实这小子哪管得着这事呀？接着说都是送到半道就回来了，“胡子”不让俺们到他们那地界。“胡子”有枪，俺坐家在地，有老有小的，叫送不敢不送。问为什么不报告，高元亮说俺要是报告了，那“胡子”能饶了俺吗？ 没等高元亮说完，那翻译上来就是一耳光子。一个留撮“鼻涕胡”、拖双木屐的鬼子，抓起炉盖上的炉钩子就打。第一下打上了，第二下躲过了，第三下打在炉筒子上，稀里哗啦一阵响，几节炉筒子掉下来，差点儿把烧得通红的炉子带翻了，屋里烟呀灰的。一节炉筒子滚在“鼻涕胡”的脚面上，烫得这小子蹦着高儿嗷嗷叫。 老人说，最受不了的是往手指中间夹筷子，两个人拽，好在一会儿就昏死过去了。 于占元最小，十五岁。鬼子给他拿个板凳，让他坐下，拍拍肩膀，说你的小孩子的，好好的说话，皇军大大的有赏。于占元也是一套话，小鬼子一脚踢翻凳子就打。 宪兵给于永松灌辣椒水，把人灌死过去再用凉水泼醒，问他给抗联送什么了，送哪儿去了。于永松说送辣椒，天天送，都送他们家炕头上了。 高元亮老人说，后来于永松说他是被灌糊涂了，可灌糊涂了也没说真话。 时德正老人说，第二批抓了俺爹时和春，俺是第三批，俺爷俩都让日本子“上大挂”（把人吊起来拷打）了，浑身没块好地方，放回来半个多月没起炕。二道沟家家户户都给抗联送粮，尹洪升那小子并不都知道。像李为奎也没少送，可他在山里伐木头，尹洪升不认识他，就没供出他。反正不管怎么打，就是咬紧牙，不能咬别人。都是山东人，还是一个县的，咬谁谁遭罪，要死大家扛，就可着俺们这些人造去吧。 老人说，老黑山宪兵队有个李翻译、王巡官，借审讯机会，把尹洪升踢死了。这两个人到底怎么回事，俺们庄稼人说不明白。有人说是张传福让他俩干的。反正叛徒死了，再没口供了，俺们这些人翻来覆去就是一套话。当时说要把俺们都杀了，把“胡子窝”二道沟的人都灭了。说是报到牡丹江宪兵队，一个大官没同意，让把张传福和俺们都放了。这个主意更歹毒，是想放长线钓大鱼，通过俺们了解抗联线索打抗联。这时二道沟已经设了警察所，几个“白帽子”，还有个“黑帽子”。可张传福领着乡亲们，就在小鬼子的眼皮底下，照样给抗联通风报信送粮食。 老人说，都说“鬼子”、“鬼子”，要俺说小鬼子最鬼的一招，就是会利用中国人替他们干事。没有那么多汉奸、叛徒，日本子能那么快就占了东三省，占了十四年吗？没中国人替他“拉道”（当向导），他敢进山打抗联？深山老林，进去就得麻达山。可他在俺二道沟就没辙！他人生地不熟，那几个中国警察看俺们抱团，也不敢真心帮他。俺们屯子男女老少百多口人，齐心抱团，糊弄个小鬼子还不容易吗？ 抗联领导明了张传福的处境，几次要他带家人上队。张传福说不行，俺拍拍屁股走了，乡亲们就得遭殃了。 时德正老人说，开头给抗联送粮，有个挺大的官，劝俺上队。不少人都被劝过。一听这话，俺就为难。老黑山宪兵队抓人，头两批是绑着押去的，后两批不绑，也没警察押着，都是自己个去的。有像你一样采访的人，说你们怎么那么听话，怎么不跑不反抗呀？俺们可以豁出去，爹妈和老婆孩子呢？去趟老黑山买把锄头得“行路证”，出屯子种地、割柴火都有钟点，一家老少几口人，多大年纪，都在人家本上记着。二道沟多个抗联小孩，让日本子折腾个底朝天。不用多，上队两个，十家连坐，一屯子人还剩几个？后来那个大官也明白了，说你们要都上队了，大家伙儿喝西北风去呀，这样子对抗联帮助、贡献更大。 老人叹口气：张传福是为了俺们活，他才死的呀。 年底，张传福再次被老黑山宪兵队抓去，被押到牡丹江铁岭河“模范监狱”，1941年3月25日被杀害。 敌人始终未发现片底子密营，那里一直是1路军、2路军的活动据点。抗联过界去苏联后，派回来搞侦察的小部队，常在那里歇脚、养伤。二道沟人一如既往地给他们送粮，通风报信。 李为奎在沟里奔楼头种了几亩包米，抗联的人见了，说到时候俺们就收了。 李为奎说：俺就是给你们种的。 高元亮老人说，俺家原来住在和光，二道沟凑不够20户人不让建屯，张传福去动员俺爹。俺爹说，那地场深山老沟，狼虫虎豹的，一寻思都吓人。张传福说，狼虫虎豹能咋的呀？那地场咱们出来一趟不容易，日本子进去一趟不也一样吗？这不是比什么都好吗？一听这话，俺爹拍拍脑袋，说瞧这臭脑子，想哪去了。 我不知道我的祖辈闯关东，是因为天灾，还是源于战祸。但我知道，他们在碾子沟那深山老峪中与狼虫虎豹为伴，除了那儿土地肥沃外，还因为那儿远离尘世，也就远离官家。所以，中学时代学习西汉戴圣的《苛政猛于虎》，就特别容易理解。 1937年9月5日，周保中“于九军行营军本部”“政治讨论会”上作的报告《关于中国历史问题》中，说：“向来中国的官儿只知贪污，只要肯丢腰包，一切事情都是好办的。” 我接触到的我的爷爷辈的那代人，因为没文化，没有“贪污”、“受贿”、“腐败”这样带点文化的词儿，而是前面已经说道过的“刮地皮”、“勒大脖子”。20世纪50年代末去世的我的爷爷，和他那些庄稼人的老哥们儿一样，生前一直称“国家”、“政府”为“官家”，把今天称做“公务员”的国家干部叫“官家人”。笔者采访本书时，在那些八十多岁的乡间老人口中，仍能听到这类好似已经老得发霉了的词句。 是“官家”，而不是“国家”——就是说，这个国家是官们的，而不是老百姓的。 “真命天子”的皇帝，朝朝代代承包了这个国家，再把它承包给各级官员。从七品到一品的承包官们，自然要为自己的官帽负责，也就是为比自己大的官负责，最终都为皇帝负责。“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”，无论老祖宗留下多少至理名言，也无论出了多少明君清官，有多少盛世，几千年的封建社会大体就是这样一种状态。至于老百姓能够排得上号的，就是没完没了地缴纳赋税，供官员们挥霍。“三年清知府，十万雪花银。”既然国是官们的家，那在自己家里取用什么，还能有什么问题吗？ 古装戏里，老百姓是有击鼓鸣冤权的。可若是碰上了昏官，或是收了银子的贪官，那就是送上门去了。权力就是法律，就是印钞机，在官家那儿找不到公理、正义，老百姓还要活，怎么办？一个“义”字就大行其道。最普遍的是老乡观念，老乡见老乡，两眼泪汪汪，有忙就得帮。二道沟人那样齐心抱团，与他们都是山东日照人，不能说一点儿关系也没有。比较普遍的是磕头拜把子，“不能同生，但愿同死”的哥们儿义气，两肋插刀。大户人家，七狼八虎，膀挨膀一帮精壮后生，“警察狗子”和一些恶势力也要畏惧几分。小门小户，势单力薄，就得互相依存，拜把子是最便捷的方式。“在家靠父母，出门靠朋友”，比较典型的是“在家礼”。类似“在家礼”的会道门，旧中国一个县少则十几种，多则几十种，屡禁不止，为什么？原因之一是官家靠不上，只有靠自己，靠天然的老乡关系，及包括磕头拜把子在内的各种各样的哥们儿义气的组织形式。在明清两代成为禁书，并不是因为一些好汉滥杀无辜，而是因为反官家（书中称“官府”、“官军”）。而那一百单八将，除个“义”字，再无其他。连刘备这样的皇叔、国君也难幸免，竟将个“义”字置于蜀国利益之上，那桃园三结义却被视为千古美谈。至于“俺降的是俺大哥，不是你日本子”的徐文海，无论怎样死于日寇之手，那头脑中可曾有丝毫的国家、民族意识？ 更不用说到了“九一八”那个悲惨的时候，本来最该与这片黑土地共存亡的官们，也就是这片黑土地的真正主人，有的跑了，有的打一阵子降了，有的干脆就一头投进了能继续给他们乌纱帽的侵略者怀里。 “满洲国”十四年，“正经人家”的我的祖辈中，没一个人挺身抗战打鬼子，这是不能不使我感到羞愧、悲哀，甚至耻辱的。可再想想，又该怎样责备他们呢？ 1935年11月22日，胡风为萧红的写的《读后记》中，有这样一段文字： 蚊子似的生活着，糊糊涂涂地生殖，乱七八糟地死亡，用自己的血汗自己的生命肥沃了大地，种出食粮，养出畜类，勤勤苦苦地蠕动在自然界的暴君和两只脚的暴君的威力下面。 在那辽东大山的碾子沟，我的祖辈知道自己来自莱州府，还知道那碾子沟北边不知多远的地方有座奉天城。在相当长的时间里，他们不知道碾子沟属凤城县，就像不知道奉天城被日寇占了一样。从山东家到东边道，一辈辈不知道生而为人该享有什么样的权利和义务，只知道自己生来就是被官家管着的。他们怕官、躲官，蹲在那大山里，没有村屯（街道）门牌户口。只有见到哪儿升起缕炊烟，又来了一户人家，跑去唠上一阵子，才能知道点外面的信息。但是，说他们“糊糊涂涂地生殖，乱七八糟地死亡”，他们会反感，不同意。因为闯关东本身，就是对命运的一种抗争，是子民对父母官的一种挣脱。他们是揣着一个梦奔来黑土地的。提到农民，千百年来就是“面朝黄土背朝天”，而我的三个奶奶还要脚底朝天。开荒、种地、栽树，那“三寸金莲”支撑不住身子，是跪着爬着忙碌着的。无论我的祖辈怎样老老实实地当了14年亡国奴，他们的勤劳都是足可以代表中国的劳动人民的。这样的家族如果不能富裕起来，这个世界肯定是出了问题。 从我的爷爷辈起，往上数没有读过书的，他们不识字，但你不能说他们没文化。“有毒的不吃，犯法的不做”，“穷死不下道”，“老实人长长在”，这类打造“正经人家”的最普遍的哲理名言，今天也没错。可拿到那“满洲国”的时空中，是不是就是顺民了？而这是不是也正是千百年来的愚民政策的结果？ 关于我的岳父的文字，是像正式采访一样，边听边问边记的。我的父亲是1979年去世的，那时距接受采写本书的任务，整整还有10年时间。我的祖辈闯关东后及其在“满洲国”的生存状态，大都是从1974年去世的我的很会“讲古”的老爷爷的口中，不经意间断断续续获知的。就无从问询，也有些迷惑，果真就蒙昧到不晓得那时的灾难和罪恶，都是弄出了“满洲国”的侵略者弄出来的吗？ 1932年7月13日，《中共珠河特支给省委的报告》中说： 一部分落后群众（尤其是农民之一部分）之存在，是不可忽视的，尤其是不问政权在谁手里，纳税征租是一样的，只希望迅速安定地方，以便耕作。 如果那次去我家抢劫的不是胡子，而是被称做“屯匪”的开拓团，我的祖辈会照样殊死抗击。如果我的祖辈不是住在碾子沟，而是二道沟，或者仙人洞，主动或被动地，他们会知道些闻所未闻的做人、做中国人的道理，成为那红地盘的成员，为抗战做些他们力所能及的事。他们缺乏国家意识，厌恶、畏惧那些并未授权让他们管理国家的官家人，唯恐避之不及。但是，“九一八”事变后不同了，他们从未有过的强烈地感觉到自己是个中国人。而我想说的，则是我的祖辈的潜意识中可能多少有点儿的，也可能一点儿也没有的，及无论官家怎样腐败，对像我的祖辈这样的蚁民怎样没有尽到责任、义务，并不意味着他们就不必为这个国家承担责任、义务，特别是在中华民族到了最危险的时候。 我的父辈的名字中，都有个“国”字，民间叫泛“国”字。我们这一辈泛“正”字，下一辈为“天”字。我爹去世前特意交代他的三个儿子：“国正天兴顺，官清民自安。”记住了，一辈辈往下排。又道：“这是你们的太爷爷留下的。” 不知道我的不识字的太爷爷，是什么年代把这10个字交代给我的爷爷的。倘是那个“满洲国”，牛头马嘴对得上碴口吗？可谁又能说我的祖辈的期盼，不是真诚的呢？ 20世纪末，笔者到中国著名的将军县湖北红安采访，红安人讲的国民党屠杀当地百姓的情景，让我毛骨悚然。 让我们看看《红安县志》的记载： 紫云区大屠杀：红四方面军第四次反“围剿”失败后，蒋介石下令对革命根据地实行壮丁杀光、房屋烧光、粮食抢光的“三光”政策。1932年10月下旬，国民党军第八十九师进攻紫云区，提出“变紫云区为死人区”的口号，将桂家洼躲入山中的群众赶到山沟里，用机关枪进行扫射，一次屠杀300多人；在沙洼屠杀200多人，并将尸体抛进闵家河做桥墩，上面铺木板，让人马通过。黄龙冲附近的一条山沟，近1000名被害群众的尸体几乎将沟填平，被人们称做“死人沟”。 平头岭大血案：1932年10月，红军主力西移，国民党当局对鄂豫皖根据地实行“三光”政策。国民党第八十九师进占七里坪后，于1933年2月6日“追剿”中共鄂东北道委武装进入天台山。时逢大雪，国民党军遍山搜查，将避入深山的2000余群众逼至平头岭，除叶宗才等3人逃脱外，其余全部被杀，造成骇人听闻的“平头岭大血案”。 谁都知道，“九一八”事变时，国民党30万大军正在江西“围剿”中央苏区。类似规模的“围剿”已是第三次了。而像红安那样尸填沟谷、血染山岭的大屠杀，在鄂豫皖，在江西竞相发生时，抚顺平顶山刚经历了一场“机关枪照相”。 笔者无意探讨“三光”政策的版权、专利属于谁的问题，这里要说的是中国人打杀中国人，与小鬼子打杀中国人之间，有没有一种因果关系，谁是因，谁是果？ 就不能不想到张传福和他的乡亲们，想起时德正老人的话：俺们屯子男女老少百多口人，齐心抱团，糊弄个小鬼子还不容易吗？ 学生时代，老师和教科书上都说，中华民族是勤劳、智慧、勇敢的民族。这话没错的，问题却也来了。自1840年（大约是我的太爷爷的太爷爷那一辈，或者再大一辈）鸦片战争始，就不勤劳、智慧、勇敢了吗？no?那么，勤劳却贫穷，智慧而蒙昧，勇敢又挨打、受辱，这是怎么了？是洋枪洋炮太厉害，洋人太强大？ “强大”的反义词是“弱小”，没错，中国是弱，可从人口到领土面积，中国小吗？自有了方块汉字后，什么时候曾把“弱”与“大”两个字连在一起呀？ 查阅当年文件资料，有时在最后一行的落款看到“大中华民国×年×月×日”。有抗联老人讲，当年搞政治教育，“大中华”、“小日本”也是时常挂在嘴上的。 据说人类的发明，约一半左右源自中国。今天踢得挺臭的足球，无论什么颜色的眼睛的外国人，还不知道世上有此物时，我们的老祖宗已经玩得很溜了。中华民族创造的灿烂文化，自会在人类文明的历史长河中流光溢彩。而中国的综合国力，则曾引领世界千年，其经济总量经常占到整个世界的50%以上。 鸦片战争开始了中华民族挨打受辱的历史。不知其时中国的GDP占世界的比例，1870年是17.3%，比美国（0.9%）、英国（9.1%）、日本（2.3%）的总和还多。甲午战争前，中国军队100多万，日本8.4万，海军战舰吨位，中国7.8万吨，日本4.4万吨。1894年爆发甲午战争，1900年中国的经济实力（GDP占11%）依然高居日本（2.6%）之上，堪称亚洲头号强国。 最初看到这些出自西方学者、显然也被我们认可的数据，我曾大吃一惊，又大惑不解。因为我一直以为清朝末年的中国，样样落后，什么也不如人家，结果却是静态的并不比谁差，动起来就败了、弱了。 落后就要挨打，这话肯定没错，我们肯定落后了。可我们为什么落后，到底落后在哪儿？ 而我知道的，是从读书识字时起，一提到清朝末年，几乎就少不了的“腐败的”三个字的定语。 清知府3年，雪花银10万，那贪知府呢？干几年再升官了呢？封建专制造就了一代代大小贪官，把国家弄成了“官家”。腐败是瘟疫，是摧毁民心士气的原子弹。而当没了皇帝，一方天地一方诸侯，军阀混战，都想争个老大。家不和，外人欺，大而散，大而弱，弱大的中国就割地赔款，成了列强的盘中餐。 日本的政治结构是封建的，可它的官僚统治，无论廉洁程度，还是效率，都是高水平的。这就使这个基本为单一民族的国家的国民，更具强烈的一致性和献身精神，虽然表