Chapter 38 Chapter Thirty-Seven "Live Joyously Under the Grace of a Kingly Policy"

The old man Fan Wanlin said that the fairy cave was "pushed into the ditch" on the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month in the "Three Years of Kant" (1936). Nanman refers to devils' retaliation and murder as "Tui Dagou", and it refers to burning houses and forcing ordinary people to collect Jia and merge villages and move to "group tribes", also known as "Tui Dagou".In northern Manchuria, it is called "burning Dagou" and "killing Dagou", while in Eastern Manchuria, it is called "washing Dagou".Jidong is also called "Xi Dagou", and when it comes to Guitun, it is also called "Huihu".

The old man said, I was not feeling well in those days. When I lay on the kang and slept late, I felt the smoke choked my throat, and asked why you made the smoke?My wife said you should go out and see if someone's house is on fire.Chinese New Year is approaching, and every family is busy with "chewy wraps", "over-oiled" (fried food) makes a big fire, or burns too much and burns the kang noodles, and it is also "unable to carry" (maybe ) thing.At this time, the sun was just glowing red on Dongshan Mountain, and I stood on the street to see that there was nothing wrong in the bunker, the smoke was blown from the ditch, it was quite big, and the fire couldn't be smaller.I thought about it and called someone to take the belongings into the ditch to fight the fire. I pulled a pair of broken shoes and ran into the house and just cleaned up. The house was burned in the ditch.

The old man said that he had been arguing a long time ago that he wanted to return to the village and let him go to the wooden bowl, but he didn't expect that he would not let him go for years.What should I do?Let's discuss.Some said that I have lived in this field for several lifetimes, and if I don’t leave, I will go back to the ditch tonight.Some said no, and let the devils see it, but it's not just burning down the house.There were some who went back, and later I heard that some were killed.There are many relatives and friends.My relatives and friends are all farming in the ravine, maybe if they go today, they will "push the ditch" tomorrow.Just pack up your things, don't be too late, and burn to ashes together with the house.The next day, the enemy came.In those days, the old bald man was "pushing the ditch" everywhere, with smoke during the day and fire at night.The gun is facing, the bayonet is pressing, what do you say?let's go.Today, Muyuzi is the largest town outside the county seat. At that time, there were more than a dozen families, and people from the surrounding towns and villages all went there.It's not the season to do this kind of work in the freezing weather.Several families work together to build one for the elderly and children to live in, and then get the second one.My wife said how will I live this year, and I said that I will not be able to live this year, what kind of year will I live.Pig pens, dog pens, cow pens, and horse pens, this time there is a "kingdom paradise" and a "human pen".

The old man said that the Anti-Japanese League didn't seem to have expected the devils to come up with such a move.The common people in Guitun suffered old crimes, and they also destroyed the Anti-Japanese Federation, separating the Anti-Japanese Federation from the common people.How can the Anti-Japanese Federation do without ordinary people?In addition, Cheng Bin's rebellion was even worse, and Commander Yang led the team away. petition The ordinary people who were rescued from all kinds of hardships received favors and praised the virtues of the rule of Yao and Shun, but felt a little bit of pain, and often cried bitterly and petitioned, which was really frightening.The Hulubaiwei area where Yumin and others live now is the area where Yumin and others have lived for a long time. There are four to five hundred farmlands. They rely on this land to support their parents and wives to this day. Quanzigou.The foolish people didn't know it beforehand, it was all in a dream. Fifteen days ago, Wu Changqing, the acting deputy head of the township, suddenly passed down the relocation order.

As the saying goes: "A year's plan lies in spring." During this time of planting, it is impossible to build houses and reclaim wasteland to support parents and wives. It must be possible to move to the designated place. I hereby express my condolences, please I would be grateful for permission to inspect. All the foolish people of Hulu Baiwei in Nuanquanzigou, Jiangli Township, Dongning County, Binjiang Province May of the third year of Kant On July 1 of the same year, the "Information on Group Tribes of the Second Independent Garrison of the Kwantung Army" stated: "After the residents saw their actual benefits, there has been a phenomenon of spontaneously and actively building group tribes." And paradoxically Said: "All the residents lack foresight, especially many people are unwilling to abandon their habitual houses and are not willing to move to a new tribe. If they follow their personal requirements, it will never be possible."

The "Manchukuo Police History" (volume 1) compiled by the Police Department of the Puppet Ministry of Public Security said: "From the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the end of Kant's fifth year, the number of defense group tribes actually reached 12,565." It was done with violence.The first is to burn the house, can you leave without burning it?Even if they leave with a single order, they still have to be burned, otherwise wouldn't the anti-Japanese army stop? The fairy cave burned three times.If you didn't kill someone the first time, but if you see him later, you will be a gangster, so you don't need to kill him.

It is still polite to a red land like Xianrendong.In Dongman, Jidong, Tangyuan, Hadong and other base areas, they all "cured the symptoms" first, that is, "crusades", and after killing and burning, they "cured the root cause" and returned to the village.On the third day after Laoheigou "killed Dagou", the devil's army, the 3rd Battalion of the 38th Regiment, began to gather armor and merge villages in District 5 of Shulan County, including Laoheigou, to engage in "group tribes". Rich people don't want to, and even more don't want to return to the village.The poor move from house to house, how much do the rich own?Even those who run to the city to hide their beards, their land and compound, their roots, are in the country.Not to mention that some treasures are buried in jars somewhere in the compound.

In the border area where the Japanese served as the county magistrate, there was a round of "clearing the border" around 1934. People were not allowed to live within 5 kilometers of the border, and all people were rushed to the inland.Wherever I went, I didn't sit on the edge of the Kang, and started to gather armor and merge the village again. "Qingbian" usually does not burn down the house, but keeps it for the development group to settle in.In some areas, Guitun also has this function. When the common people are driven away, the pioneering group will come, and there is no need to "buy" the land.

On this planet inhabited by humans, there are countless towns and villages that have been wiped out due to various disasters."Manchukuo" under the control of the Kwantung Army created a world record that will never be broken.When Changchun, which had only 80,000 people before the "September 18th" Incident, quickly rose into a modern "Xinjing", the natural villages in the black land, at least six figures, disappeared quickly, and a group of people emerged in their place. A batch of concentration camp-style "group tribes". "Manchukuo", "Capital" and "Xinjing", the Kwantung Army Headquarters in the center of the city, the Villagers' Association, the Air Force Headquarters, Daxing Company, etc., are all meters thick granite walls, reinforced concrete roofs, medium-sized Cannonballs cannot be destroyed.Downstairs in the basement, there are reinforced concrete tunnels passing through the road, which are connected to each other, and there are heavy iron gates in between, which can be isolated from each other.The width of each main street is more than 60 meters, which can give full play to the firepower, and there are bunkers at important intersections.

To "enter" someone else's country and create a "Manchukuo", you have to feel guilty and turn the "capital" into a big fortress.And this "group tribe" is a product of the Kwantung Army's "Public Security First Principle". It directly faces the anti-Japanese armed forces, especially the Anti-Japanese Federation. Its scale, site selection and corresponding buildings are all standard military vision. Designed according to the opponent's military strength, firepower and combat characteristics. About all of this, I have briefly written about it in Chapter 14, and here I will mainly introduce the situation of tribe construction.

The following "Group Tribe" design drawing is one of the attachments to the "Information on Group Tribes of the Second Independent Garrison of the Kwantung Army" quoted above.This "group tribe" "drawn according to the tribes near Luozigou (belonging to Wangqing County - the author)" was widely publicized by the Japanese and puppet authorities as a "model tribe", and many Baojia chiefs from surrounding counties went to visit and study. It should be noted that, according to the standard of 100 households per tribe and an area of ​​40,000 square meters, this is a relatively large tribe.Then there is a trench outside the barbed wire fence. The outer trench is required to be 14 feet wide at the top, 3 feet wide at the bottom, and 10 feet deep. To prevent collapse, there is a drainage ditch inside the trench. The earth wall is 10 feet high, 6 feet wide at the bottom, and 2.5 feet wide at the top, and the wall is made of dug earth.The walls should be tamped, and barbed wire should be erected on the walls.The earth wall is the most important defense facility, and it usually takes three times as long as digging a trench. There are not only four corners of the blockhouse, but the more the better.Especially for tribes that did not station Japanese and puppet troops, the Japanese invaders required a distance of 100 meters as a standard, because most of the weapons of the puppet self-defense regiments were old foreign guns, and the effective range of old foreign guns was 50 meters. The order of construction starts with defensive facilities such as earth walls including gun towers, outer moats and barbed wire, then tribal offices, security personnel buildings, and then civilian houses. The construction time is "preferably from mid-September to mid-November". The reason is that "after the spring thaw, it is the busy farming period; summer is the time for farmers to weed and it is also the rainy season; although winter is the slack period for farming, it is frozen and hard, making it difficult to build. , so it is most convenient to build in autumn.”In fact, it is done all year round, but it is still more in autumn, because it has to cooperate with the "big crusade" in autumn and winter. The problem is that this is not to build a horse stand to build a shack, but to create a city similar to the cold weapon era and fill it with various buildings.In North Manchuria, snow falls in October. Those who return to the village in autumn and winter rarely do not freeze to death. Let’s take a look at what was said in the “Investigation Report on Public Security in Various Regions” compiled by the Public Security Issues Research Group of the Ideological and Strategic Research Department of the Puppet Ministry of Public Security in July 1937: The roofs are mostly made of bark and straw, and the walls are full of holes, which cannot keep out the wind and cold at all.They had no clothes, so they could only sit around the fire and smoke.Under such living conditions, it is really strange that there are no patients. From the house, you can clearly see the white clouds floating in the sky, and you can imagine their pain in the current severe cold season. The narrations of the old people interviewed by the author are usually "herringbone"-shaped shacks and horse stands with two feet on the ground.There are kangs, because humans used fire in primitive tribes.The kang and the walls were frozen before they were dry, or they were pasted with boiling water and mud and then frozen.There was a fire in the stove, the air-conditioning was covered with hot air, and the bed was damp, with a layer of hoarfrost or a hard crust on the surface.Needless to say, pain in the waist and legs, some of them couldn’t get up on the kang the next day, or were carried out with difficulty. Some people can't survive it anymore, let's go to relatives and friends.There is no village in front, no shop in the back, a snowstorm, heavy smoke bubbles, it is lucky that no one dies. According to the "Report on Public Security Investigations in Various Regions": According to the survey in December of the third year of Kant: the number of infectious disease patients in Tonghua Street was 1132, of which 153 died; the number of Jinchuan County was 1505, of which 137 died; the number of Liuhe County was 4385, of which 315 died.The spread area is not limited to the above counties, but has spread to other counties in Dongbian Road. Concerning the fact that there are quite a number of contagious patients here and there, it has been reported before.This situation is not only caused by abnormal weather or lack of hygienic thinking. The root cause is: the harassment of bandits, the suppression of soldiers and police, the burning of houses and other spiritual blows, as well as the lack of clothing to keep out the cold, eating grass roots and bark, etc. Physical torture, intertwined with the two, finally led to the infectious disease today. It is the busy season of spring plowing when Laoheigou "kills Dagou". "A year's plan lies in the spring." Farmers who rely on digging and eating in the ditches do not plant the land because of "washing the ditches". How can they survive? The Japanese believe that the best time to return to the village is in mid-September every year, when the sickle is opened and the sickle is not opened in South Manchuria, and the sickle in North Manchuria has already opened.There is a saying that "Three springs are not as busy as one autumn, and the embroidered women also get out of bed", but "washing the ditch" burned the house, and the crops that are about to be available, can you still take care of them? Or look at what those who decide the policy say. Tonghua County—— According to the reflections from various aspects, in general, more than half of the residents will be completely short of food by next spring.This spring, due to the lack of rice, some people grind rice cores to make porridge. After eating this, they have to eat grass roots and bark to maintain their lives.What is even more astonishing is that among the Chinese who seldom commit suicide due to world-weariness, now there are people hanged to death every day because of poverty.This shows that they have been in a state of extreme poverty and misery. During the harvest, the people were robbed to build group tribes or guard roads, so that the crops are still left in the mountains, under the snow and ice. Residents who used to live scattered in the mountains have been gathered into group tribes.But most of the crops they cultivated were left unharvested in the mountains.They wanted to harvest, but because it was the time of the crusade, they couldn't do it without a residence permit and a certificate of entering no-man's land. There are about 12 tribes, 3,000 households, and more than 20,000 people in the area where we work.There are currently 380 food-deficient households with more than 2,200 people.Others can survive until around May, but in May and June, it is the time of planting, and they can only spend a while with bark, but they cannot go to the field, and there is no way to solve the food for next year. At the end of Kant's third year, there were more than 13,000 hungry people in Tonghua County, and all residents would fall into this situation when the spring plowing period came. Ji'an County—— The life of the residents is extremely exhausting. In places outside the county seat, one-half of the residents are said to have no food in the first month of the lunar calendar. Now half of the residents cannot meet their daily food needs and sleep without bedding.There is only one kerosene lamp in the elementary school, and the others are lit with pine nuts.Because of rushing to build group tribes, infectious diseases are spreading.The reason why Jiang'an is poor is that farming is impossible in the deep mountains, and many residents eat grain from a small piece of land on the river's bank; Transport supplies to the mountains.At the time of the incident, there were 80,000 to 120,000 shi of grain and grain transactions in Sandaogou, but the transaction last year was only 4,000 shi. In Huangbaidianzi and Sandaogou, big stores that used to sell goods for 100 to 200 yuan can only sell for 89 yuan now.In addition, there are more and more Manchurian troops stationed recently, and they have to buy some food, so the shortage of supplies is even worse. Huinan County—— Even the big landowners were almost bankrupt. As the central link of "curing the root cause", "washing the ditch" and returning to Datun are double-edged swords. While causing great damage to the anti-Japanese armed forces and making it difficult to gain a foothold, it also caused "Manchukuo" to pay a heavy price. The economy went bankrupt further. As for all of this, the Japanese and puppet authorities seemed to have a clear mind, and they also "eat the weight of the bastard - determined".The July 1942 "Investigation Report on Public Security Work in Various Regions" issued by the same department stated: This work must have dealt a great blow to the inhabitants. It is better to carry out the work of separating the bandits from the people than to bankrupt the countryside. The "September 18th" incident caused chaos, "beards grew everywhere", and refugees were everywhere.The large grain growers who did not flee with gold and silver coins, and the farmers who did not have gold and silver coins and had no property and did not need to flee, also knew that this was not the year for crops, and it was enough to plant a few acres of land and get some food for food.Because no matter how much effort you put in, and no matter how beautiful autumn God gives you, you can't afford those locust-like teams that come and go. They have no hope of sowing seeds on the land. The war made it difficult for the farmers to devote their minds to the land, the fields were barren, and the output dropped sharply.In those remote areas of North Manchuria and Jidong that have not been affected by the war for the time being, food, especially soybeans, were mainly sold to the Soviet Union in the past.As the author writes these words, the fertile Sanjiang Plain is still known as the grain store, vegetable basket, and meat box in the Russian Far East.This time the invaders blocked the road, and even the heavily armed Japanese dared not leave the county easily, so who would have the ability to sell grain to the interior?After a bumper harvest, farmers can only look at the grain worrying and moldy. The next catastrophe is to "wash the ditch" and return to Datun. It is a natural choice that the farmers are scattered in this ditch and that, isolated from the rest of the world, and have their own rationality and superiority.One is that most of the land in the mountains is unowned, and once it is reclaimed, it is their own.As long as you are willing to work hard and expand year after year, there will be a dream of a large grain grower on the hot kang of the wife and children.The second is to save time, manpower and labor costs to the greatest extent.With the house as the center, you can go out to the land, plant in spring, hoe in summer and harvest in autumn, just pick up the household items and do it.This is a unique location and the best choice for farms that do not have carts or horses and rely entirely on manpower from delivering manure to harvesting.The third is that the mountains are a treasure house, and wild vegetables, herbs, fungus, wild fruits and other mountain products can be harvested all year round.Hunting is also possible in winter. There are "Jiapigou" everywhere in the Northeast. A piece of weasel skin can be exchanged for 20 kilograms of millet, which is equivalent to farming in winter. "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset", in a sense, it is actually a gossip of literati, or even a kind of imagination.Farmers talk about "getting up early and half a day's work", and when the sun rises, it is time to go home with a hoe and have breakfast.However, after returning to the village, it really became a reality.The sun was quite high, and in the words of the peasants mocking the lazy, "the sun is shining on the buttocks", the gate of the tribe was opened.Before the Sun Kashan, you have to walk a few kilometers back, because the gate of the Sun Kashan is about to be closed, and you will not be able to enter the tribe. On April 21, 1933, the Puppet Capital Police Headquarters issued an order that within 3 miles of the county seat, within 2 miles of market towns, and within 1 mile of both sides of railways and highways, it is strictly forbidden to plant tall crops such as sorghum and rice.This order was quickly extended to all parts of the Northeast, but it had little impact because there were so many dwarf crops.What about the large amount of cultivated land that was discarded after returning to the village?Without a pass issued by the police station, no one can go there, because it is a no-man's land, that is, a "bandit area". According to "Manchurian Review", Volume 8, No. 23, in the spring of 1935, when the "group tribe" had not yet been fully rolled out, among the 28 counties in the puppet Fengtian Province, only 8 counties had surplus food, and only 8 counties could barely support themselves. 9 counties, and the remaining 11 counties are almost all in need of food and need relief.” In March 1938, when the return to Datun had basically ended, the "Fengtian Third County Magistrate and Deputy County Magistrate Meeting Consultation Items and Answers" stated: "This county (referring to Xingjing County—the author) has 840,000 cultivated land. Mu, so the population has decreased sharply, and it cannot be fully cultivated. In 1937, only 390,000 mu was cultivated, and the remaining 450,000 mu was abandoned farmland, overgrown with weeds." New China is called "migrant workers", old China is called "official workers", and "Manchukuo" is also called "official workers".After returning to the village, the first official job was to build a "group tribe", followed by the construction of security roads and erection of security telephone lines.This "group tribe" does not exist in isolation. Its distance from the surrounding tribes, or the Japanese army, or the puppet army, or simply defended by the puppet self-defense regiment, is carefully planned and integrated.When one is attacked, call the police, and other tribal enemies will come for reinforcements.The amount of work involved in building security roads and erecting security telephone lines is not smaller than building "group tribes", so you can go out as official workers. You are usually asked to "explore", that is, go into the mountains to find traces of anti-Japanese armed forces. The "crusade" is over, and a transport team is organized. The official name is "Qinfeng Team", and the common people call it "Back Back", which carries supplies for the enemies who go into the mountain to "crusade". The number of people employed in the "Qin Feng Squad" depends on the number of troops dispatched, the scale of the "crusade", and the time.Like Lao Heigou's "killing Dagou", the ratio of soldiers to civilians is 1:1.The highest proportion I have seen is that from September to December 1939, during the "crusade" in Helong County in East Manchuria, 75 people from a squadron of the Japanese army requisitioned 850 "diligence" personnel of various kinds. The training of the Pseudo-Self-Defense Regiment (commonly known as the "Bangzi Squad"), like the above-mentioned government workers, is composed of young and middle-aged men who are the pillars of each family, standing guard during the day and patrolling at night.As for going up the mountain to get turpentine (the Japanese use it to make aircraft fuel) and grape leaves (to make aircraft paint), the tasks are assigned to households, and the whole family needs to work together. Few people from that era have never done it . The "National Military Law" was promulgated in April 1940, and the conscription system was implemented. Every year, about 300,000 young people of the right age who were eliminated from physical examinations, commonly known as "National Soldiers", organized "Diligence Teams" to serve labor in factories and mines, or to repair railways. , highways, and build dams and paddy fields for the development group.At the beginning, it was stipulated that one year of hard labor would be completed in three years, and later it was increased to three years, and half a year of official labor was required every year. There are more than 30 million people in the Northeast, and farmers account for 85%.The reduction of arable land and the use of a large number of unpaid labor forces are accompanied by a year-on-year "grain output". The invaders used bayonets to caesarean out a freak "Manchukuo", and some weird enslaving words followed one after another.Some of the following will appear one after another, here is a brief description. "Grain out of the load", that is, forced purchase of grain.There are also "cotton out of the lot", "tussah out of the lot", "flax out of the lot" and so on. Inner Mongolia also has "out of the lot". Anyway, whatever the invaders need, the common people have to "out of the lot". "Fengshi" is also a Chinese character in Japanese, which basically means "service" and also means "service" and "efficiency". "Floating waves" are unemployed, unemployed, and even homeless. "Hongbao" means "propaganda". For example, the Hongbao Office of the pseudo-State Council can be understood as the Propaganda Department, but it is not necessarily the case, because it is also engaged in intelligence activities.The so-called "serious punishment" means execution.The notorious Unit 731 has many special terms, such as "special transport", that is, to escort people who are going to undergo vivisection and bacterial tests to that magic cave-this is equivalent to beard's slang. "History of Police Crimes in Puppet Manchukuo" written by Japanese war criminals and the former Chief of the Special Affairs Department of the Puppet Manchukuo Police Headquarters, Yoshimasa Sakata, said: The plundering plan for agricultural products in the 1943 grain year (from September 1943 to August of the following year) was agreed to be 8 million tons (8.5 million tons according to one theory).The calculation of this plan is based entirely on the principle of "take as much as you need". Before the Puppet Manchukuo used administrative power to forcibly purchase, the grain output of the entire Northeast was 16 million tons, and the rations for farmers’ own use were said to be 12 million tons. Now they are required to sell 8 million tons. This is indeed something that cannot be done without starving to death number. The pseudo-general director of General Affairs Wubu Liuzang admired Zhang Jinghui's "tighten his belt" very much, and often said this sentence: Now is the time when "jihad" is above all else.Japan does not want the "Manchukuo" to send more troops or sacrifice more lives, but to make more contributions than in the past in terms of manpower, material and financial resources.Please think about it, is it more important to sacrifice your life and blood than to sacrifice your manpower and property?Even if you are not satisfied with what you eat, the tight belt will pass. Under the wartime system, "grains and grains are paid out of the load" are military supplies, and one grain cannot be missing.And the belts of ordinary people's trousers are already too tight, what should I do?The provinces and counties will add another 10% to the amount of "payment" stipulated above, in case some people are really unable to come out, they can also ensure the completion of the task. The puppet State Council has a "Grain Purchase Supervision Committee", with the Director of General Affairs as the chairman.The province has a "Department of Grain Purchase Supervision and Reminder", and the deputy head is the minister.The county has a "supervision and reminder team for purchasing grain", and the head and deputy county magistrate serve as the head and deputy head of the team.Every September, these life-threatening ghosts come down to supervise and urge to cut, harvest, beat and "pay out".In any village that was slow to move, or did not complete the task, the food scouts poked around the firewood stacks, kang holes, and shed roofs, and even turned chicken racks and dog kennels upside down.Yushu County, Jilin Province is known as "the first granary in Quanman".A family surnamed Sun in Lindian County, Heilongjiang Province hid several buckets of grain in the haystacks. When they were found, the family pleaded bitterly, saying that there was only so little food left.The deputy magistrate Shan Jian ordered the confiscation, and set fire to the haystack and the house. The land not only produces food, but also produces airplanes.For example, in the pseudo-Binjiang Province, the "aircraft donation" was apportioned according to the land, 3 yuan per farm.From July 1943 to August 1945, the "donation" was 7.2 million yuan in two years. At that time, each aircraft was about 150,000 yuan. There are many such "contributions", which are not considered taxes. There were a total of 13 types of domestic taxes levied before the September 18th Incident, of which only 4 were consumption taxes and 2 were circulation taxes.In 1944, there were 34 types of domestic taxes, including 11 types of consumption taxes and 13 types of circulation taxes.As for the local taxes and fees of Jiejie villages in various provinces, cities, counties (banners), there are all kinds of things, and no one can tell.Such as chimney tax, cattle and horse tax, donation of pigs, chickens and dogs, donation of well water, donation of walkways, donation of dead people, donation of children, Shandong people's tax, tax of Jiazhang, village head, etc. Where people are excited, what a whimsical idea. The black soil in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, the alluvial plain south of Changchun, the golden soybeans, wheat, corn, and red sorghum like sunset have attracted generations of people who have traveled to the Guandong. Before the "September 18th" Incident, the annual soybean output in Northeast China was more than 5 million tons, accounting for 59% of the world's total output. According to a figure in 1915, only 1.45 million tons of soybeans, wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat and other surplus grains produced in 31 counties along the Middle East Road were available for export.According to the Economic Statistics Quarterly of Nankai University, China’s total export value in 1931 was 605 million customs taels (each 1 customs tael is equivalent to 1 tael, 1 cent, 1 cent and 4% of silver), while the export of agricultural products in the Northeast reached 280 million customs taels, the largest in the country. About 48%.As for the rich coal and iron resources in Northeast China and their development, it is a new hot spot that is attracting more and more attention. "Under the grace of the kingly policy, live a happy life." This is the text in "Manchukuo Police History" (volume 1) compiled by the Police Department of the Puppet Ministry of Public Security. It refers to "group tribes", but we might as well refer to them It is regarded as an imagination of the future—because objectively, such a possibility does exist in this rich black land. Some Japanese writings on "Manchukuo" refer to the period before 1936 as the period of "establishment" and "consolidation", that is, the period of suppressing anti-Japanese movements and strengthening the rule.The war has severely damaged the Northeast economy, and the invaders think this is a normal price that must be paid.The invaders who have coveted this rich black land for a long time have a long-term vision. "It is better to carry out the work of separating the bandits and the people to the end than to bankrupt the countryside." For the long-term stability of the "Wangdao Paradise", it spared no expense, and also ambitiously laid down some capital.According to the written statement of Takebe Rokuzo, the total amount of Japanese investment in Northeast China in the past 14 years is estimated to exceed 13 billion yuan. The results of it? The first "Five-Year Industrial Plan" that began in 1937 collided head-on with the July 7th Incident, and the plan expanded along with the war.As a result, we were unable to meet our ambitions. While steel, coal, electricity, and liquid fuels increased substantially, all planned indicators for automobiles and airplanes fell through. The second "Five-Year Industrial Plan" focused more on the looting of strategic resources, especially steel and other metals that supplied Japan.At this time, the Japanese army was trapped in China and could not extricate themselves, and soon the Pacific War broke out. In 1943, the situation in the Pacific War took a turn for the worse. The second "Five-Year Industrial Plan" of "Manchukuo", which was tightly tied to the Japanese chariot, adjusted the demand for food to the first place. During the battle at Pingxingguan, rice was among the materials seized. The officers and soldiers of the 115th Division are from the south, and the southern rice they used to eat is called indica rice.This time eating the rice captured by the Japanese army, wow, why is it so delicious?Just say "Japanese rice".Lin Biao said in "Battle Experience at Pingxingguan": "The enemy not only relies on the rear to transport ammunition, but also relies on Japan to deliver food." Wrong, that is authentic Northeast rice. According to the survey data of the Manchurian Railway and the data in the "Agricultural Product Harvest Expectation Survey" (1930-1944) of the Puppet Manchuria, the total grain output in 1930 was 18,865,000 tons, and in 1931 it was 18,457,000 tons. Then it began to fall, reaching the lowest point of 13,431,870 tons in 1934 and 17,433,543 tons in 1944.In addition to being shipped to Japan in large quantities, these grains were also supplied to the Japanese Kwantung Army and the Japanese invaders, especially the military supplies in North China.what to do?Only use the catchphrase of Takebu Liuzang whose copyright belongs to Zhang Jinghui. Northeast people who are about the same age as the Republic will remember the word "rationing" from their parents' mouths, and these two words can lead to a series of enslaving words. The concept of "economic domination" first appeared in the "Manchukuo Economic Construction Outline" published on March 1, 1933. In May 1937, the "Important Industry Control Law" was officially promulgated, and it was replaced by the "Industrial Control Law" in October 1942. Even general industries were "controlled".Specific to the common people, it is to implement "rationing" for various necessities of life, such as food, cloth, tobacco, alcohol, sugar and soap.Each family has a small book called "Tong Account", which contains the names, ages, and occupations of several members of the family. They use the "Tong Account" to buy anything that is "rationed". Taking grain as an example, the "ration" is divided into three categories: "labor demand", "general", and "rural areas". "Labor demand" is further divided into two types, and "general" is divided into A and B. In 1943, the per person per month was: "labor needs" the first category was 48 catties, the second category was 31 catties; the "general" category A was "special companies, government offices and those equivalent", 24 catties for adults and 14 catties for children , Type B is "Other", 18 catties for adults, 14 catties for children; "Rural areas" 13 catties for adults, 12 catties for children and 2 taels. And this kind of jinbaliang was replaced by acorn noodles more and more later. In the author’s hometown, Liaodong, and in the mountainous areas of Northeast China, every late autumn, there will be a layer of yellow, oval-shaped fruits the size of a thumb’s belly under the oak trees. People in the Northeast call them acorns.This kind of nut containing starch and a small amount of tannin is ignored in North Manchuria, and a few farmers in South Manchuria will pick it up and feed it to pigs. After 1943, it gradually became the staple food of ordinary people.This stuff is bitter and astringent, bad and dregs, unpalatable and difficult to pull out, the dog can't smell it when it is pulled out, and it blows away in a gust of wind.If you use it to make steamed buns or something, don't even think about kneading them together, you have to add some rice noodles.There is an allegorical saying in the Black Earth, "Manchurian steamed buns—you can't pinch a piece", which is used to describe disunity and awkwardness, and also alludes to the so-called "goodwill between Japan and Manchuria". The author’s grandfather, who passed away in 1958, was furious when he mentioned “Manchurian steamed buns” during his lifetime: “In our land, chopsticks will take root and sprout. Except for ‘Manchuria’, every generation has eaten acorns. Face, have you ever starved to death?" There is a new Manchuria in the world New Manchuria is the new world Standing upright without suffering and worry cause my country only love and no hatred Thirty million people Thirty million people Freedom even if multiplied tenfold Emphasizing benevolence, righteousness and comity makes me cultivate myself The family is already in order, the country is in order, what else can I ask for Closer to assimilation with the world Far away is the same flow with heaven and earth Every day when the school has morning exercises, they have to sing this "national" song, which is said to be written by Zheng Xiaoxu, and the lyrics change as they sing.It rhymes very well, but it's hard to tell the truth from the humming, and I don't know who made it up.The author has collected three poems, which are a bit incomplete, and one of them is as follows: Fresh steamed buns steamed in a steamer New steamed buns are freshly steamed Only face alkali and no sesame oil A meal of three and a half A meal of three and a half Ten more is not enough What else can you ask for when you eat steamed buns? close to assimilate with the stomach If it is far away, it flows with feces and urine Old man Guo Qingshi, over 1.75 meters tall, is a little hunchbacked. Born in Huishan County, Shandong Province in 1921. When he was 16 years old, there was a flood in his hometown, and the crops were all submerged. He came to Jinan alone, wanting to do something and find a way to survive.I found a big car shop to live in, and the recruiter came, saying that he wanted to go to Kanto with me, earn three oceans a day, three meals of foreign white flour cakes, work for two years and make a fortune, and marry a white and fat Kanto wife , you can live that little life.The man talked so frothy that he said that he would be paid "deposit money" (the cost of buying luggage) when he signed up.Guo Qingshi signed up when he saw that the applicants really gave him 20 yuan on the spot. I took the tank train from Jinan to Qingdao, and then took the boat to Dalian. I changed to the tank train for a few days, and heard someone yelling to get off the train and arrived at the place.The sun is just out of the mountains, roughly judge the north, south, east, west, what is this place?A person wearing a big cap at the station said it was the Didao Station, but later learned that it was the Didaohe Coal Mine in Jixi.There is something white on the hillside in the distance, which is particularly eye-catching in the sun.An old man with a Shandong accent on the platform said that those were white stubble coffins, which were placed there for the living to see, and the dead were put into a coffin with a false bottom, carried to the mass grave, and the floor was pulled out, and the person fell. The coffin was carried back again. Guo Qingshi felt chills running down his spine. Rows of small one-story houses with adobe walls and black tiles, inside are large kangs from the north and the south.Guo Qingshi and the others put the luggage rolls on the kang, turned their heads, and shouted: "Go to work, those who don't work don't care about food." Guo Qingshi's eldest brother broke into the Guandong before the "September 18th" incident, and was killed in a coal mine in Xi'an two years ago. He didn't expect to do it himself this time.The space on the face of the palm is narrow, and the pick cannot be swung. Use a long flat-nosed drill with a rice handle to shovel the coal seam one by one.Water seeped from the roof of the cave, and he was wet all over. When he came out of the mine, Xiao Beifeng slipped away, and his whole body was covered with goose bumps.The old miner said that this is where it is. There is a saying that "'Jiaohuazi' races Pegasus in winter", no matter how fast you run, you will be frozen into armor before you enter the house. It may be that the climate is not acclimatized, Guo Qingshi had diarrhea on the first day in the coal mine, and coughed again the next day.Next to him was a fourteen-year-old boy from Zou County who came with his uncle.After two people discuss, this place can't stay, let's go.On the third night, an opera troupe came to sing a wild stage play, and the two left while the excitement was busy.If you want to break through the Guandong, go west.After walking a few miles, the child cried and said he missed his uncle, so he went back.Alone in the barren mountains and wild mountains, there was a wolf howling in the distance, Guo Qingshi didn't know that it was a wolf howling, and he didn't seem to feel too scared.When I was tired, I snuggled into the harvested wheat stacks, when I was hungry, I rubbed some wheat grains and chewed them in my mouth, and when I was thirsty, there were unharvested radishes in the field, so I went all the way to Linkou. I saw a man surnamed Wang and asked him if he wanted to make money?When asked what he was doing, Wang nodded his head and said that it was a good job to bury the electric pole.Guo Qingshi also thinks this job is very good.先挖坑立电线杆子，地冻实了就架电话线。从秋干到春，从林口县龙爪沟架到牡丹江铁岭河，200多公里架完了，把头没影了，说是拐钱跑了。把头雇的他们，日本掌柜的雇的把头，去找日本掌柜的，那小子“鼻涕胡”一撅：巴嘎，统统地死了死了的！ 一冬白干了，还得干哪。老人说，那时活好找，到处都招工。这回是“池田组”，到东宁县修路架桥盖大营，第二年春天开化了，又去大肚川草帽顶修“子药库”（弹药库）。干完了又去大成子炸砬子，崩石头，砸石子，修飞机场。 为“北进”苏联，自1935年前后，日本侵略者沿着中苏、中蒙边境，开始修筑号称“东方马其诺”的庞大的要塞群，其中以边境线长达175公里的东宁县规模最大。1941年“关东军特别大演习”（简称“关特演”）期间，仅有3.5万人的东宁县，集结了13万余关东军。这是一次旨在对苏联发动攻势的战略集结。东宁县成了个大兵营、大堡垒，之前则是个大工地，在山里秘密开凿的永备性工事、弹药库，带保护色的镀锌铁皮屋顶的营房、医院和各种仓库，机场、兵工厂、铁路、公路，乃至慰安妇的房舍，有的直到日本投降也未完工。 六十四年后，在东宁县大肚川镇石门子村老人家里，郭庆仕老人说，那时那人傻，就寻思挣点钱好回家。来时坐火车、轮船没花钱，这回就得自掏腰包了。再说好歹来一趟，多少也得挣几个呀。一个活干完了，就说等下一个一块儿算账，其实就是怕你跑了，拿工钱吊着你。 到东宁后，冬天是窝棚，生个炉子，容易着火烧死人；夏天是席棚子，十几米、二十几米长，两头开门，对面大通铺，顶上漏雨，下边淌河。半年左右一个工程，那工地大都在山沟里。山洪暴发，绥阳镇通沟一个工地，一天晚上卷走200多人。大水下去后，十几里河道两边横躺竖卧的，太阳一晒，尸体胀得像老牛似的。鬼子在下游训练，还有个测量队，也冲走不少。龙王爷可不管什么“大日本皇军”、“小日本鬼子”。 那时那人吃了这顿想那顿，就是一个字：“饿。”早晨开工，一块咸萝卜疙瘩，两个窝头，用铁丝一穿绑腰上，这是午饭。郭庆仕当三年劳工，他说这就够好生活的了，后来尽是橡子面，穿更生布衣服。像俺这把年纪的人，有几个没穿过？窟窿眼子那么大，棉花包似的，抓虱子都难，从这边钻那边就跑了。那时许多人穿“洋灰袋子”（水泥袋子）衣服。这东西有的是，剪开三个洞，像背心、马甲似的套身上，再弄一个把底剪掉套腰上，挡住屁股。 老人说，到东宁县第二年春天瘟人，就是伤寒病，每天都死人。来几个穿白大褂的日本子，让倒出些工棚，把病人隔离开就走了。开头“柜上”（经理）让埋，后来埋不过来了，把人抬出去扔哪儿就拉倒了，不然俺也不会有今天。有个老孙头，河北人，早起撒尿，说去看看昨晚那个小山东死没死，见俺趴在地垄沟里，还呼哒呼哒喘气，悄悄把俺背回来，灌碗米汤，问俺想吃什么，俺说想吃块冰。那心里像烧团火，胸脯子都抓挠烂了，恨不能把心扒出来按冰窟窿里。老孙头坐“巴子车”（公共汽车）去县城，买6根冰棍，用暖壶装回来。俺吃了两根，这个舒坦呀，一口气都吃了，几天后行了，就是头发掉得一根没剩。 本书开篇即写到的北大营7旅士兵陈广忠，事变之夜撤出北大营、奉天城，向东退到海龙县山城镇一带。部队准备经南满铁路进关，军需官给他和一些伤员留些药和钱，让他们在老乡家养伤。半年后伤好了，陈广忠给人种地、打短工。干了几年，寻思到奉天找个好点儿的活，刚进街就听警笛急吹，有人喊抓“浮浪”了，街两头就被戴黑帽子的伪警察堵住了。 两天后，陈广忠和近千名“浮浪”被闷罐车拉到东宁县。他这一队200多人，被押到胜哄山要塞前沿阵地，挖反坦克壕。 伪满劳工来源，除了从关内押送来的被称做“特殊工人”的战俘，是一招二派三抓。招是到关内招工，像郭庆仕那样；派是派官工，“勤劳奉公”；抓是抓“浮浪”。据《盛京日报》透露，1943年4月27日和6月22日两天，仅奉天一地就抓捕“浮浪”3576人和3500人。日本人认为这些失业穷人是不稳定因素，大肆抓捕，用日本话讲叫“一齐索出”，就是全城搜捕，老百姓叫“围街”。有时会连抓几天，既镇压了人民，又获得大批无偿劳动力。而在所有劳工中，日伪对“浮浪”的看管，苛刻程度仅次于“特殊工人”。 胜哄山位于东宁县三岔口镇南部，是东宁县已知的3个要塞群之一，由胜哄山要塞、勋山要塞、朝日山要塞、203高地要塞和荣山阵地组成。胜哄山为核心要塞，占地7.7万平方米。而最大的庙沟要塞群，占地达200多万平方米。那些恐怕永远也难以知晓来自何处，极可能就葬身其间，或者大山深处的什么地方的劳工，开山凿石，把难以数计的玄武岩从大山腹部掏出来，一条条钢筋水泥的洞道，就神不知鬼不觉地在这大山里蜿蜒迂回。胜哄山要塞主洞道两头炸毁堵塞，现能测量的洞道为1964延长米，洞室1007平方米。据当地老人讲，最大的洞道能开进去汽车。 陈广忠对脚下大山里的一切，都一无所知。闷罐车咣当了几天，这些“浮浪”根本就不知道来到的是何省何县何地界。从工棚到工地，别说老百姓，连个伪军都没有。不过，东北军最现代化的7旅通讯连士兵，可是明白他们挖的这东西是干什么的。终于有一天，知道脚下那瑚布图河对岸就是苏联时，陈广忠就明白了这是到了绝地，工程结束后，日本人是不会留下他们这些活口的。 一天晚上，收工路上，山那边隐约传来密集的枪声。风大，林涛吼叫，加上脚步声噼里啪啦的，一般人听不到。陈广忠能听到。他耳尖，又是行伍出身，听出少说有两挺歪把子机枪在齐射。 他假装摔倒了，坐在地上抱只脚直哎哟，说脚崴了。几个要好的弟兄围上来，他递个眼色，低声道：那边日本子杀人了，咱们得跑！ 附近两个看押劳工的鬼子跑过来，用枪托把人捣开，吆喝陈广忠起来跟上队伍。 老人如今个头不到1.65米，干巴精瘦，头脑有时糊涂，腿脚依然挺利索，当年就更精干、利索了。他把两只后开门的“水袜子”系紧了，从地上爬起来，抓起身旁那把铁锹，双手离地时两腿蹲实了，那铁锹就朝鬼子的膝盖下方抡去。人在拼命时力大无比，直到今天那四条腿的断折声，还是那么清晰。不是听到的，是两只手感觉到的。 几个弟兄一拥而上，锹镐一顿猛砸，然后跑进山里。 东北抗日武装活动比较集中、激烈的地区，有较大煤矿和干过较大工程的地方，几乎都有日伪时期留下的“万人坑”。这“万人坑”可能是几十人、几百人，或者千把人，乃至更多。并不一定就得有一万人才这么叫。这是必须说明的，不然有人可能会说三道四。 新宾（兴京）县城北山坡上有棵老榆树，人称“人头树”，用当地老年人的话讲，当年“人头挂得像蒜辫子似的”。2001年底笔者采访时数了数，当年挂人头的锈渍斑斑的铁环，还能看得到的是7个，更多的已经长进树里，被凸起的树皮裹住了。山后一个几十米长的大坑，就是当年的杀人场。1964年将其一角挖掘，即发现有头无头尸骨200余具。据县志记载，此类“万人坑”，境内共有10个。 牡丹江铁岭河有个“模范监狱”，后面将要写到的东宁县二道沟屯长张传福给抗联送粮，被捕后关在那里，被折磨死了。他的弟弟张传道去收尸，狱警说在西山大坑里了，自己去找吧。3个大坑，每个3间房子大小，深浅不大好说，人都填满了，横七竖八的，光溜溜的没条布丝，衣服让人扒走了。路边那个堆得高出地面两三尺，老远就见到白花花、血渍糊拉的，就像垛的冻猪肉绊子似的。狗啃乌鸦啄，那狗肥得踩一脚都懒得动弹，乌鸦飞起来把阳光都遮住了。 以上应该是比较正宗的“万人坑”。抚顺平顶山那3000来人的葬身处，就不能算，因为那不是个“坑”。桓仁县西江惨案“填大江”，就更不是了。老黑沟“杀大沟”中最大的屠场月亮泡，也叫泡不叫坑。郭庆仕老人所在的那帮劳工，干的几个工程都不算大，有坑没坑好像都够不上“万人”。瘟人的那次足够了，又基本是拖出去扔哪儿拉倒了，也没坑。 截至2001年春笔者采访时，东宁县已在庙沟沟口、半截沟、矿山村和大肚川老城子沟北山脚下，发现4个被当地人称做“劳工坟”的“万人坑”。据专家考证，都是修建营房、机场和军事铁路、公路等工程死难的劳工。其中最大的老城子沟北山脚下的“劳工坟”，埋的都是装卸工。当年那儿是个货物中转站，火车运来各种建筑材料、军火和军需品，当然还有一列列闷罐车的劳工。1941年和1942年，仅榆树县就陆续有4700多劳工在那儿卸车装车，据说归乡的不到800人。而那些像羊群样被驱赶到大山里的劳工，当地人再未见到他们回来。 毫无疑义，在东宁县已知的3个要塞群中，最耗时耗力的浩大工程，不是这些地上的附属设施，而是那些在大山腹部的迷宫似的、被称做“死亡工程”的地下工程。从“鸡鸣三国”的中朝、中苏边境的珲春起始，沿着中苏、中蒙边境构筑的这条“东方马其诺”，基本如此。于是，就不能不关注修筑这些世间罕见的地下工程的劳工的命运，这些土生土长的和来自黄土地、红土地的先人们，魂归何处？ 1945年8月，苏联红军打过来后，从庙沟里跑出30多劳工，说是日本子让劳工进要塞躲炮弹，进洞后再一段一段将洞道封闭，几千劳工都憋在里面了，他们是靠近洞口才得以逃生的。 已知的仅此而已。 前面不时出现“保长”、“甲长”、“牌长”，该说说伪满的保甲制度了。 《暂行保甲法》是1933年12月22日公布、翌年2月3日实施的。“每十户为牌，十牌为甲（在乡村，以村或相当于村的集团住户为甲），以警察署管辖区内的甲为保。”“关于保、甲、牌及自卫团制度的总称即保甲制度，目的是通过友爱相倚保持地方康宁，防止不测之紧急危害，在目前治安状态下，作为警察的辅助机关，主要从事自警自卫。”“所谓连坐制度，即居民发生一定犯法行为时全牌各户主对其行为全都负责的制度。根据应负责任的犯罪发生情况，警察署长可对各家长课以二元以下的钱款，这叫做连坐金。课征连坐金的目的，是对直接为害治安维持的犯罪行为的发生，防患于未然，使之负起道义的责任，是对牌内出现犯罪者负责和预防同类事件发生而采取手段的特别制度。另外，课以连坐金的犯罪限于有重大影响者，即关于内乱罪、外患罪、公共危险罪、关于暂行惩治叛徒法之罪、关于暂行惩治盗匪法之罪等。” 1937年又实行街村制，保甲连坐制度依然存在。街相当于今天的镇，村相当于乡。“街第一次受县长、第二次受省长、第三次受国务总理大臣的监督”，这话听着实在别扭，因为“满洲国”实在就不是个东西，不过读者也能看得明白。村亦然。街长、村长及下属一干人员，都是吃“康德皇帝”“皇粮”的官吏。“集团部落”通常为甲，相当于今天的村（屯）。在关东军和“满洲国”的文件中，“集团部落”的头是叫“部落长”的，笔者采访时没有任何民间老人提及“集团部落”四个字，也就无所谓“部落长”了，都叫“甲长”、“百家长”，还有像“九一八”事变前那样叫“村长”、“屯长”的，牌长又叫“十家长”。 有了被老百姓称做“围子”、“人圈”的“集团部落”，再加上“采取中国保甲制度之长，参照满洲国现状的满洲国独特的保甲制度”，“匪民分离”就进一步深入了，老百姓的苦难也更彻底了。 前面说过，来个客人得“挂号”（有的地区叫“挂条”），从哪儿来，是你的什么人，来干什么，住多长时间，还要去哪里，有无“居留证”。想出门串个亲戚也一样，那叫“行路证”。“共产党的会，国民党的税”，这是共和国成立后的民间顺口溜，“满洲国”则是税多证也多。没“通账”买不来粮食、橡子面，上山打柴，下江捕鱼，都得有许可证，连冬天到河边挑水也得有个火印木牌。这是个没“证明书”什么的就寸步难行的世界，坐在家里也会祸从天降。“通匪”不用说了，抓个“浮浪”也受不了呀。 乡间民风朴实，古道热肠得令今人难以想象。有了“友爱相倚”的连坐制度，毁了，因为这东西就是叫人互相监视、提防、告密，坏人心术，制造矛盾甚至仇恨的。罚连坐金就够倒霉的了，再因为你把人都抓走了，那人能不红眼睛吗？ “棒打狍子瓢舀鱼，野鸡飞到饭锅里”，也就难免野兽伤人。狼来了，狼把谁家孩子叼跑了，人们就操起棍棒铁器什么的打狼抢孩子。集甲并村后，再爱哭闹的孩子，一听大人说“白帽子”（或“黑帽子”）来了，立刻就噤声了。 伪警察的帽子是白色的，日本警察是黑色的，老百姓就称他们“白帽子”、“黑帽子”。“黑帽子”中也有少数中国人，有的还假装不会说中国话，最坏。 女国高，杨柳腰， 穿皮鞋，戴手表， 嫁个汉子挎洋刀。 头上大盖帽，肩扛肩牌，腰缠武装带，挎着匣子枪（通常为“短八分”），最显眼，也最显派头的，是挂在腰间的那把晃晃悠悠的被老百姓叫做“镰刀鱼”（带鱼）的洋刀。而今，“有困难找警察”，第一反应是给“110”打电话。当年包括笔者的祖辈在内的老百姓躲官府，在某种意义上就是躲警察。集甲并村后躲不开了，还离不了了，办这证那证的，哪个离得了这些“警察狗子”呀？挨门逐户催逼捐税，每年“出荷”就更是鸡犬不宁了，用刀背砍人算是客气了，张口就是老子：老子是“皇帝陛下的警察官”！ 笔者采访的民间老人，包括几位当过伪警察的，许多谈到“皇帝陛下的警察官”，有人说是溥仪在一篇“敕令”中讲的。笔者没有查到出处，但这句话是肯定存在的。伪满后期学校一年级《满语》课本，第一课是《皇帝陛下》，其中就有“皇帝陛下的警察官，有统治满洲国民的至上权”。 伪警察最低为警士，以上依次为警长、警尉补、警尉、警佐、警正。伪官吏则为佣员、雇员、吏员、委任官试补、委任官（股长级）、荐任官（三等、二等为科长级，一等为县长级）、简任官等。警士的“月俸”（工资）加津贴，在委任官之上，就有一套嗑：“宁可嫁警士，不嫁委任官。” 警察待遇之高，是为了多招警察，推行“大警察主义”。据说伪满警察法开篇即是：“警察者国家最高权力之作用也。”这是个警察横行的世界，有挎着“镰刀鱼”横晃的，有把“手牒”（警察证）揣在兜里的便衣，还有给警察通风报信的腿子。 各县警务科都有个《要视察人名册》，“要视察人”即需要监视、侦察的人。被视为“匪贼”、“通匪”的人，还准备放长线钓大鱼的不用说了。已经“归顺”的反日人员及其家属，通常都“要视察”一段时间。发句牢骚，敢跟警察争论几句的，边境地区会说俄语的，或是什么言行被认为可疑的，都可能上那名册。“要视察人”要定期向警察署报告行踪、思想，有的则被蒙在鼓里，暗中被监视，有的还有特务、腿子去溜墙根，听声。 东北人的粗喉咙、大嗓门是有名的，这回噤声了。饭馆、旅店、大车店等公众场所，到处贴着“莫谈国事”、“守口如瓶”，人们时刻牢记的则是“祸从口出”。一些老人说，电影上的特务戴礼帽、墨镜的多，俺们那时看到的跟老百姓也没啥两样，有的还是劳工打扮，你一句话“没把住滑”（没把握住、溜了出来）