Chapter 11 Chapter 10 Establishing a Base

On May 5, 1934, the "Second Instruction Letter from the Panshi Central County Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Party Headquarters of the People's Revolutionary Army" stated: During your activities of more than half a year, eight or nine hundred miles, you did not help and lead the masses in their struggle, and this work was in vain.If the guerrillas and the masses do not cooperate to fight together, no matter how many Zhuge Liang's guerrilla tactics will not be good. Guerrilla activities are not a matter of good terrain in the mountains, but a matter of relying on the masses to win the masses.

Readers are requested to keep these two short quotations in mind. They reveal the fundamental reasons why the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance survived, developed, and grew stronger, and finally had to retreat to the Soviet Union - which will be described in detail later. To be able to make such profound instructions in the spring of 1934, the Panshi Central County Party Committee really had insight and level. Pan Guoquan wanted to be in the Red Army, but he didn't. Not long after Yang Jingyu arranged for him to go home, a "couple" came to Xianrendong. The man's name is Li Mingshan, about twenty-five years old, tall, with a slightly elongated face, big eyes, fair skin, elegant conversation, he looks like a man who has read a lot of books.At that time, that person thought highly of scholars, and some scholars also thought highly of themselves in front of peasants, but this handsome scholar did not.No matter how poor the family is, the uncles and aunts call when they enter the house, sit on the edge of the kang, and eat the crops.

Li Mingshan, whose real name is Sun Yonghuan, served as the secretary of the first Xingjing County Party Committee, and also engaged in secret work in Qingyuan, and has rich experience in local and underground work. After the establishment of the 1st Army, he was transferred to the director of the Political Department of the 3rd Regiment of the Independent Division.In order to open up the Huanren and Xingjing anti-Japanese base areas, Yang Jingyu transferred him to serve as the secretary and organization director of the Huanxing United County Party Committee. People called him "Li County Party Committee".After a long time, some people also called him "Comrade Li", "Old Li", and "Little Li" like "work comrades".He is missing two fingers on his left hand. Some people call him "eight claws", and he agrees.

The woman's name was Pu Jinhua, and her aliases were Zhao Shuying and Comrade Cao, so that later she was used to calling her "Comrade Zhang" and "Comrade Li", so she couldn't help but ask her curiously: "Comrade Cao, why did you come up with such a name?" Park Jinhua was dignified and delicate. He was only nineteen years old at the time, but he was an old revolutionary.She is a native of Shuilian Cave, Longjing County. She participated in revolutionary activities when she was in elementary school at the age of eleven. She was arrested by the police station of the Japanese Consulate and imprisoned for one year.At the age of fifteen, he joined the guerrillas in East Manchuria, carrying a rifle not much shorter than her, and fought guerrillas in Changbai Mountain.She was originally from the 2nd Army. Because there were few lesbians in the 1st Army, she was transferred to the 1st Army to serve as the propaganda director and women's director of the Huanxing County Party Committee.In order to conceal their identities and facilitate work, the organization asked her and Li Mingshan to pretend to be husband and wife.Both of them are Korean (ethnic) people and speak fluent Chinese.

Huanxing County Party Committee is under the leadership of Tonghua Central County Party Committee (formerly Hailong Central County Party Committee).Because the 1st Army was often active in the Huanxing area, it worked directly under the leadership of Yang Jingyu. The county party committee of two people quickly opened up the situation in the area around Laobaldingzi Mountain.Party organizations, anti-Japanese associations, women's associations, peasant self-defense forces, youth volunteers (also known as "children's squads"), etc., have been established one after another, and their work is solid and active. The anti-union officers and soldiers said that this time we have a home.

There are many reasons for the outstanding achievements of the two-person county party committee: Yang Jingyu is at the helm there, the diligence, experience, and ability of the two people, the influence and promotion of the continuous victories of the Anti-Japanese League, and so on.Of course, all of this is inseparable from the support, support and cooperation of the local people.Compared with the old guerrilla areas such as Panshi, Dongman, and Zhuhe, there is another very important feature. These new areas do not have the previous experience of fighting local tyrants and dividing land. In Panshi and other places, due to the agrarian revolution, not to mention the rich and the rich, even the intelligent poor felt that the Red Army was attacking the Japanese and the rich, and that this was not the way to do it.Moreover, many poor people are related to rich families, "they are three-way relatives". On August 27, 1933, the "Nanman Central County Party Committee Resolution of the Communist Party of China" stated: "The so-called good people in the glass river in the past are now hiding food when the Red Army guerrillas come, and there will be no salt or houses in the future. etc., to cause dislike and bad influence on the team.” Some guerrillas dare not say that they are the Red Army wherever they go, because the “Northern Conference” ruined the reputation of the Red Army.When the "1.26" instruction letter is implemented, you say that you will not rob grain and divide the land to eat big households. Can that person believe it for a while?I have to watch you for a while, and I feel like I'm sandwiching raw rice.However, this problem does not exist in Dongbian Road. The common people call the People's Revolutionary Army the Red Army, and they readily accept it.Because the Red Army they saw was an army they wanted to see most that they had never seen.

Also, if it is in an area where Chinese comrades have become treasures, no matter how good the Chinese language of Li Mingshan and Park Jinhua is, it will be difficult for the county committee of these two people to gain a foothold.But in the Huanxing area around Laobaldzi, where most of the people are Han, people don't have the concept of "Korean beard". Except for a few lackeys, the Korean (ethnic) people are not much different from the Han people.In the eyes of the common people, they are the Communist Party, the Communist Party that led the common people to resist Japan and save the country.

Like all county party committees at that time, wherever the two of them went, people would say that the "county party committee" had come.The large and small mountain villages around Laobaldzi are full of their footprints, leaving behind the most magnificent and beautiful memories in life. In 1989, Park Jinhua, who was implemented as an "Anti-Japanese Veteran" by the policy, was an old rural old man without party membership who still had two bullets embedded in his body. It was only natural that he wished to scatter his ashes there before he died. The Huanxing County Party Committee has a district committee, three branches, and three groups, with more than 30 party members.

Not long after the Independent Division of the 1st Army arrived in Huanren, Jiang Dongkui, a young farmer from Gaotaizi, joined the anti-Japanese work in the village and joined the party on June 10, two years later.In the afternoon of the previous day, Li Mingshan sent someone to send a message, asking him to go to Shangangliang behind Lao Luan's house in Haiqing Huoluo ("Huoluo" is Manchu, that is, a valley) the next morning.He went there on time. Apart from Li Mingshan and Zhang Yongkui, the first secretary of the district party committee, there were also Meng Guangyao, Wang Guanglin, and Yu Wenhai, all poor farmers like him.The six people sat down among the bushes, and Li Mingshan announced the opening of the meeting, saying that today he would introduce you to join the party.

In the early 1960s, the elderly Jiang Dongkui said in his "memory materials": There were no formal procedures for joining the party at the time. A two-inch wide slip of paper was given, on which were filled in the background, history and kinship, handed over to the introducer, stamped with Li Mingshan's seal, and considered joining the party.When Li Mingshan talked to us, he said: "To be a party member, you must take the lead in everything. If you are not afraid of difficulties, you must work hard under any difficult conditions. You must die in front of the enemy and never surrender, and you will never betray the country." Then he asked us again. To show our determination, we stood up and raised our hands one by one, saying: "Never surrender, never betray the country, and resolutely resist Japan." Then Li Mingshan told us: "The current party members are all secret, and we must not reveal their identities. The contacts within the party The code word is 'Sipi' (CP) or '1936'. Today is the day you join the party, and you should never forget it for the rest of your life."

From then on, Jiang Dongkui remembered this day just like his own birthday. Liu Mingshan, who lived in Chaluzi, Xingjing County at the time, said in his "memory materials" that he joined the party: Zhang Yongkui first asked and filled out a form for me, filling in the form with my name, history (from the age of eight up), relatives, etc.After filling it out, he told me that this form must be submitted, and you will have a share in the success of the revolution in the future.Then he told me: "The Red Army is an army of the poor, and it fights against Japan to protect the poor. The leaders of the Red Army are Zhu De and Mao Zedong, and they are all in Guanli. There is also a real poor Communist Party in this army. Poor people can join the party." .” Once you have joined the party, you have to train others. The conditions for joining the party mainly depend on actions.To raise food for the Anti-Union Alliance, if someone raises 200 catties, you will get 100 catties, which is a matter of priority.Some people are bold enough to do other things, but they are naturally afraid to go out at night. No one cares about this when they live at home. If you are asked to lead the way and send intelligence to the Anti-Japanese League, this is not a reason not to go. Joining the party is a problem.In the war against the Allied Forces, you are not afraid of life and death, and you dare not even walk at night, how can you do it? Jiang Dongkui developed three party members and established a party branch in Sichuan. The first party branch in the Huanxing area was established by Zhang Yongkui in Haiqing Huoluo.He was the first party member developed by the two-person county party committee.This person is in his thirties, of middle height, with a broken patella in his right leg, and he walks with a limp.An old man said that if it wasn't for this problem, he would have left with Yang Jingyu a long time ago. This man is capable.His younger brother Zhang Yonglin served as a messenger for Yang Jingyu, but later died. There are dozens of households in Xianrendong, and a stranger will soon know about it, let alone "couples" like Li Mingshan and Park Jinhua.Pan Guoquan thought, are they sent by Commander Yang?I saw two people leaving one house and coming in the other, chatting very enthusiastically, Park Jinhua mainly chatted with women.Within a few days, the village organized anti-Japanese associations, women's associations, peasant self-defense forces, and the Youth Volunteer Army. Pan Guoquan and Fan Wanlin signed up to join the Youth Volunteer Army. The Peasant Self-Defense Force and the Youth Volunteer Army are local peasant armed forces, led by the 1st Division operating locally.The Peasant Self-Defense Forces are required to be between the ages of 20 and 50, and the Youth Volunteer Army is required to be between the ages of 16 and 20. The common task is to maintain order in the base area, fight against small groups of Japanese puppet troops and small gang beards, and sometimes cooperate with the main force fight. In 1935, the "Huanxing Anti-Japanese Peasant Self-Defense Force Headquarters" was established, with Cheng Bin, the commander of the 1st Division, as the commander.Unlike the Peasant Self-Defense Forces, the Youth Volunteer Army is still the main source of troops for the Anti-Japanese War. For example, the 4th Regiment of the 1st Division was mainly reorganized from the Youth Volunteer Army, and some participated in the 1st Division Youth Battalion.At that time, all the anti-Japanese base areas in Northeast China had similar full-time, non-workout, and half-time peasant armed forces. The Japanese puppets called them "half peasants, half bandits." There is a ballad "I can't get through the hard times and make another plan": There is no rain and there is drought, I can't live through the hard times and plan another way, Still a farmer by day, Carrying a gun in the dark night turned into an anti-union alliance. The old man Pan Guoquan said that what we did most at that time was to get supplies for the Anti-Japanese Alliance, mainly food.At that time, the poor were not short of food, and the rich and big households also donated money and food. We protected them from being kidnapped by beards.Then there are catching dogs, delivering information, and sometimes pulling (sawing) electric poles.A group of about ten people couldn't see anyone in the dark, so they carried old foreign guns and saws and left.There are guards, there are pullers, two groups, half a bag of cigarettes is enough to put down one cigarette, and it is enough for the little devil to work for a while.The most urgent thing is to send information, and sometimes it is too late to run away for nothing, and even miss a major event.It's windy and rainy, and it's snowing up to your knees. Let's go all night long.The Anti-Japanese League won the battle, and we did our best, so happy.But looking at the belongings in other people's hands, I feel that I am short.At that time, most of us were old foreign guns, and a few quick guns were the "leftovers" (leftovers) of the Anti-Japanese League, which were outdated. The old man said that it will be difficult after returning to the village. The Anti-Japanese League can no longer come and go frequently, and we can't move around too much. The Japanese are watching closely.My grandma, aunt, younger sister, and some women in the fort pretended to go to the mountains to pick wild vegetables and goods, hid some grain and dry food, and sent them to the Anti-Japanese League.Later, I became a Baojia soldier, and I drove to the ditch to deliver things and collect firewood, so that I could secretly deliver more—the Anti-Japanese League was not doing well at this time, and I had to leave. The anti-union ammunition mainly depends on seizures and has to be bought.Sometimes it is traded with the puppet army on the battlefield, and then bought in enemy-occupied areas through local relations.This job Jiang Dongkui did the most.This is something that can lose your head if you don't do it well. The chairman of the Xiaoqinggou Township Government said it very lightly in the "memory materials". I have bought ammunition nearly a hundred times from Yuan Yinmin of the Huajianzi Police Station, Yuan Mou, Chief of the Dudu Huluo Police Department, and the County Street Pinzijiang Team.I contacted them in advance, they got the bullets to a place, and I went there to change hands.Pistol bullets are one yuan each, "Shui Lianzhu" is eight cents, "Seven Nine" is four cents, and "Three Eight" is two cents.Two to three hundred rounds are less, and four to five thousand rounds are more.Sometimes he rolled the bullets in his luggage and carried a hoe and pretended to be a farmer looking for work.Sometimes it was put in a salt bag, as well as cloth, shoes and hats, etc., which were all bought for the Kanglian, and they were driven back by car.Sometimes he pretends to be a peddler and uses the peddler's burden to carry back.It’s okay to encounter beards, saying that they bought them for the Red Army. They are afraid of the Red Army and dare not rob them. They will be in trouble if they encounter the police. These things “strangle their necks” (blackmail—the author), so they have to spend money to avoid disasters. From the spring of 1935, Xianrendong, Gaojiandi, Haiqinghuoluo, and Chuanli around Laobaldingzi Mountain, and Waisanbao, Pushihe, Dadi, Erdaogou, and Sandaogou around Heshang Maomao Mountain were all 1 Occupied by the division, it has become the famous "red land" - the locals are more accustomed to call it "China land".This kind of appellation with more characteristics of the Anti-Japanese War, according to the words of the old people in the "land of China" interviewed by the author, means that our lump is the land of China, not the "Manchukuo" created by the Japanese. A notable feature of "China Land" is that the anti-Japanese and anti-Japanese associations, women's associations, and local peasant armed forces can openly operate, and the policies and regulations promulgated by the democratic government are supported and supported by the masses. In the summer of the same year, the Nanman Special Committee held a meeting of representatives of the people in Heli, Jinchuan County, and established the "Preparatory Committee for the People's Revolutionary Government of Nanman Special Zone". There are 15 township governments and 56 district governments. Let's learn about the Hollow Elm D.C. government. Hole Elm is located at the junction of the four counties of Huanren, Xingjing, Benxi, and Kuandian, and it belongs to the two provinces of Pseudo-Fengtian and Andong.This is a big village with more than ten bunkers of different sizes. There are a few houses in this ditch and a few households in that ditch. There is a relatively flat field in the big mountain, where you can gather a few or a dozen wisps of cooking smoke. They are all honest and responsible farmers. One morning in the summer of 1934, Yang Jingyu led a security company from Huanren County to cross the Straw Hat Peak Mountain. When they appeared in the cave elm, the people who were shoveling the ground on the hillside, the first reaction was to run away.In the words of the old man back then, it was called "grabbing the mountain and scratching the hill" (running desperately up the mountain).Zhang Deshan, who later became the chairman of the SAR government, was no exception. He was bumping into a soldier in the muddy soup forest.I can't run away, so I'll die.Yang Jingyu came over and asked the officers and soldiers to carry their guns on their backs, saying not to scare the fellow, and sat on the ground to chat with him. Zhang Deshan's original name was Zhang Xizhen, and Zhang Deshan was a pseudonym after joining the party.Quan Bashi of this Zhuangjiayuan is thirty years old this year. He has never read or read, but he is shrewd and capable, loyal and sociable, and is popular in the countryside. When the SAR government was established, Yang Jingyu came to congratulate him specially, let the buglers blow their trumpets to celebrate, and personally accompanied seven government members to have a meal. An important task of the SAR government is to lead the peasants in the struggle to reduce rent and interest.Jiang Runchuan, nicknamed "Jiang Liuzi", was the number one landowner in Xingjing County, and Zhang Deshan took him first.It is said that Jiang Liuzi's family has a lot of land even he can't tell.The government sent people to conduct village-by-village investigations, and it was decided that all tenants who leased Jiangliuzi land in "China Land" would eat half of the harvested grain for themselves, and hand over the other half to the SAR government.Jiang Liuzi quit, so he wrote him a letter asking him to abide by the government's laws. In 1935, for this item alone, 180 stones of grain were collected for the Anti-Japanese Federation. Under the leadership of Zhang Deshan, the people in the cave Yushu area sent military supplies, intelligence, and nursed the wounded to the Anti-Japanese Alliance. More than 100 people joined the Anti-Japanese Alliance, and more than 60 people died in the Anti-Japanese War, including 3 members of the SAR government and Zhang Deshan. Younger brother Zhang Xihong. During the land reform movement in 1947, some people beat Zhang Deshan to death for personal revenge. Army commander Lao Yang—his resume is well known to the central government.His political work ability is not only second to none in South Manchuria, but also the strongest in Northeast China. Since he arrived in Nanman, he has made great achievements in his work and has always worked tirelessly.The prestige of faith is excellent among the team, the locality, the party, and the people of South Manchuria.Every move of one's own, one's behavior, is also admired by all.In terms of being loyal to the party and resolutely implementing the party's decisions, he is stronger than the party secretary. In the use of guerrilla tactics, great progress has also been made in the past year.This is manifested in the following: it is no longer necessary to engage in risky wars, and sufficient attention has been paid to the protection of cadres.Begin to automatically learn to use maneuvering tactics.Instead of hard attack and real fight, and not to defend the old areas, the various active troops in South Manchuria can quite echo each other. One thing that needs to be explained is that some of the original historical materials quoted in this book are just my own opinions.Due to the different cognitive abilities of each person, coupled with environmental constraints, it is rare to conduct research calmly, and mistakes are inevitable.However, the above excerpts from "Xiao Luo's Report on the Situation in South Manchuria" on July 26, 1936 are not included here. During the interview on Dongbiandao, the author had a strong feeling that the old people from that era admired Yang Jingyu.Some old people said that some mountain forest teams incorporated by the 1st Army also called "our Commander Yang" one by one. Before and after the Independent Division advanced to the East Road, one of the important topics of external publicity was to expose the crime of the Kuomintang's non-resistance, and the Mountain Forest Team could accept it.Yang Jingyu's Henan accent was not used to by the Shanlin team, but it made them feel closer.Zhang Xueliang didn't resist, Tang Juwu and others resisted for a while and ran to Guanli. These land households threw the Northeast to the Japanese and left them alone.However, a high-ranking Communist Party official like Yang Jingyu left his family and business and ran from the Guanli to beat the Japanese. What is he planning?Based on this alone, they believed in Commander Yang and the Red Army. After the battle of Liangshuihezi, Yang Jingyu led five members of the security company to escape in an encounter with the enemy.The nearby "Qinglin Team" heard about it, and the leader immediately summoned the brothers, saying that today we have to go all out to get Commander Yang, so that he can't make any mistakes. In May 1936, Yu Chenwei, the commander of the Puppet Manchukuo First Military Region and nicknamed "Yu Datou", issued a notice offering a reward of 500 yuan for the capture of Yang Jingyu.In Fusong County, the enemy also used a dummy head to show the public, saying that it was "Communist Bandit Commander Yang Jingyu".They also spread rumors that Yang Jingyu received 78,000 yuan from Vladivostok, the Soviet Union, and built a building to buy land himself. When the independent division was established, there was no 2nd regiment. The 2nd regiment was the code name of the military headquarters and later the headquarters of the 1st Route Army. Sometimes it was also called the battalion headquarters and the battalion headquarters.From the need for a guarantor to join the army, to the number of soldiers and the code name of the military department, the anti-rape and confidential work of the 1st Army should be the best, but the enemy still got in. After the Hancongling ambush, the troops were transferred to Xihezhang. Yang Jingyu ordered the Chief of Staff Gao Dashan to lead five guards and teach the 3rd Company to disarm. Whoever dared to resist would be shot immediately. The 3rd company commander was shaving his head, and Chief of Staff Gao ordered him to gather the whole team. As soon as the team stood up, they were forced by a portable submachine gun and 4 box guns. A company from the 3rd Regiment of the 1st Division arrived soon and took the company into custody. Wang Chuansheng, who participated in the whole process, just carried out the order mechanically. After the interrogation, someone confessed, which shocked him.It turned out that the instructor of the 3rd company and a bugler surnamed Guan from the military department were spies sent in by the enemy. They dragged over a dozen people, including the commander of the 3rd company, the commander of the 1st platoon, and the commander of the military department.They had already plotted and planned to kill Yang Jingyu first that night. The gunshots from the military headquarters were used as a signal to teach the 3rd company to surround the military headquarters in the name of "catching traitors", and then pulled the team out to surrender. Before the Spring Festival in 1938, the military headquarters, the 1st Teaching Regiment and a regiment of the 2nd Army were surrounded by the Japanese and puppet troops on Sifangdingzi, Ji'an County.After fighting for a while, Yang Jingyu pointed to the enemy in the northeast direction and told Huang Haifeng, political commissar of the 1st Teaching Regiment: This may be the horse camp in Shuangchahe. Go and shoot three times to see what they do. Huang Haifeng went, and after a while, "Let's - let's - let's go", after three gunshots, the opposite mountain responded with four shots in the same rhythm-yes, it was the horse camp who believed in "family etiquette". "Jiali" means "at-home etiquette", and the common people call it "family etiquette".Of course there are also in the puppet army.Because the ancestor's surname is Pan, if you want to know whether someone is a "family ritual" person, you should say "May I have your surname?" Three elders, four young ones on the right" as a salute.If you are bullied or beaten, shouting "My surname is Pan is not easy to provoke", and there are "family rituals" among the onlookers, they should stand up and help each other. Don't hurt your peace.Of course, on the battlefield, one's own family members cannot be used to fight one's own family members, but it is difficult to identify them according to the routine, so the guns are fired, which is called "shooting the three old and the four young". The battalion commander of this horse battalion is a "family gift", and most of his subordinates are also religious. Now he shoots his friends into the sky. Crooked neck to look at the mountains and fight, use songs to "break through" the enemy's siege, and Sifang Dingzi uses "family etiquette" to stop the enemy's siege. In 1939, during the "Wild Deputy Great Crusade", the Japanese invaders used "at-home rituals" to carry out "promotion" in Dongbian Road and East Manchuria, and then did the same in Rehe.Like some other gangs, they were banned by the Japanese invaders later, and all that could be used were used up. No matter how busy Yang Jingyu is, how many big things are on his mind every day, if he ignores such small things, he may pay a price, or even suffer a big loss. Yang Jingyu also paid homage to some forest team leaders, and recognized many landlady ladies as "godmothers".Worship is to worship brothers, and most people understand that "accepting a godmother" requires a few words.This is a folk custom. A child is precious and afraid of dying, so he or she will be recognized as a godmother since childhood, so that the two mothers can support them.Then, like Yang Jingyu, the old man likes you very much, so he considers you a godson (goddaughter), and forms an extraordinary mother-son (mother-daughter) relationship.Especially those old people who have no children, they are regarded as their own children. It is said that Yang Jingyu once hesitated, especially for the former, but he still worshiped and admitted. Because Wang Ming and Kang Sheng think these are feudal things, how can the Communists engage in such nonsense? Some old people said that if the leader of the forest team wanted to worship Commander Yang, it was because he sincerely admired (admired) Commander Yang and wanted to fight Japan with him.In the minds of these people, this is a relationship between life and death, the highest standard.If you don't do it, if you look down on him, he will turn against you.At that time, the man was very particular, and it was not just a joke.There are also those who betray, and that person stinks.Even a kowtowing brother can be sold, who would dare to answer this kind of person?Commander Yang recognizes his godmother, and some old ladies may think that with such a godmother and good face, no one will bully their family.Even with this intention, it would be even more difficult for the Japanese to get her to betray Commander Yang.In fact, at that time, there were many people who used these methods to fight against the Japanese, so what's the matter?