Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Yang Jingyu to Panshi

The birthplace of the 1st Anti-Union Army is Panshi County, Jilin Province. Panshi County is located in the south of Jilin City, with the Laoyeling Mountains running across the territory. It is a transitional terrain between the Changbai Mountains and the Songliao Plain, with seven mountains, one water and two fields.According to statistics in 1930, the population of the county was more than 209,900, of which Korean (ethnic) people accounted for 2.5%, and the land problem was even more serious in South Manchuria.And as long as there is the leadership of the party, the peasants' desire for land will be turned into action, and it is only logical that it will be transformed into an anti-Japanese struggle after the incident.

In August 1930, the Panshi County Party Committee was established. At the same time, the Communist Youth League, the Farmers' Association, and the Red Guards were established to reduce rent and interest, distribute grain and grab grain.Glass Hetao, the seat of the county party committee, has become a well-known red land.A year later, the county party committee was expanded into a central county party committee, which governed counties such as Panshi, Huadian, Shuangyang, and Yitong, and was directly under the leadership of the Manchuria provincial party committee. After the "September 18th" Incident, Panshi became the center of the anti-Japanese storm in South Manchuria led by the Communist Party.

Using the slogan of "National Autonomy", the Japanese invaders fostered pro-Japanese forces in areas where Koreans gathered, and established the "Guminhui", also known as the "Korean People's Association".This kind of organization spreads all over Northeast China and is directly under the Japanese Consulate. After joining, you can borrow money and get relief when you take refuge. On February 9, 1932, Pu Chunpu, the president of the Panshi Ministries Association, led more than 60 puppet troops from the county seat to the Pandong Guojiadian area, and captured 23 anti-Japanese people who refused to participate in the Panshi Ministries Association, including the Secretary of the Pandong District Committee Park Dong-hwan and other 9 party members.The common people quit. Under the leadership of three female party members, more than 700 people ran to Guojiadian and surrounded the puppet barracks where Pu Chunpu was located.As night fell, more and more people gathered, and the slogans of "Let the people go", "Kill the lackeys" and "Down with the Japanese" rang out like a tsunami, and the lanterns and torches shone like daylight.At the beginning, Pu Chunpu was still daring to stand up, but this time he almost peed his pants, so he let him go quickly.

In the early morning of April 3, Matsuo and the Panshi Branch of the Police Department of the Japanese Consulate General in Jilin inspected Honda and Yingze. They led some puppet troops, led by lackey Jin Hanzhong and others, and suddenly appeared in the Northeast Fork of Pandong and arrested 9 party members. League members and anti-Japanese masses.After hearing the news, the Central County Committee and the Pandong District Committee immediately arranged a "recapture arrested comrades movement". This is quite a dramatic scene.In the early spring, among the yellow and deserted mountains, on the country road leading to the county town of Panshi, there were several carriages carrying arrested comrades, and behind them were escorted devils and puppet soldiers.Afterwards, there was a team of almost all white clothes. Most of them were women, children, and old men. They followed at a distance of more than ten steps, shouting "They are not guilty, arrest us all."

The enemy rides a horse, but the carriage cannot run as fast as the cavalry, and it is faster than two legs!As the saying goes, "If you don't take off your cotton trousers during Qingming, you will turn into a rabbit when you die; if you don't take off your cotton jacket during Qingming, you will turn into a cat after you die." As he stood, the dust was flying under his feet, the man was sweating profusely, and his face was sweaty and muddy.A few miles down the road, those who are of the same age and have good physical strength can still shout that sentence over and over again, but most of the others are left gasping for breath, and they are also stubbornly following.

When approaching Xiaogushan, there were more than a dozen young people standing at the intersection in front of them, all members of the regiment, and the leader was Li Hongguang, the later famous general of the Anti-Union Alliance.The enemy saw that the situation was not good, and just about to use force, hundreds of people came running from the village shouting and yelling, and surrounded the enemy.Some shouted slogans, some preached anti-Japanese and national salvation to the puppet army, and some got into the car to untie the ropes that bound the arrested people.Matsuo ordered the puppet army to shoot, and several shots were fired, all of which were fired into the sky.The devil hit his horse and ran away, fleeing for his life.

Starting from May 1, 1932, the Central County Party Committee mobilized and organized more than 1,000 people, led by Meng Jiemin and Li Hongguang, to hold massive anti-Japanese demonstrations from Panxi to Pandong for several consecutive days.Wherever they went, rich families were eaten, dogs were captured, people's courts were organized, and those who committed the most heinous crimes were executed on the spot.When the Japanese and puppet troops came to suppress it, Meng Jiemin went to the puppet company headquarters alone. When he talked about the excitement, the passionate young man burst into tears.The false company commander bowed his head in silence, and finally said: I won't arrest you, you go away.

When the Panshi County Party Committee was established, a "secret service team" was established, mainly to arrest lackeys who colluded with the Japanese and the government, so it was also called the "dog-beating team". The Panshi guerrilla team was established on the basis of the "dog-beating team". . During the fourteen years of the Anti-Japanese War in Northeast China, from the provincial party committee to the leaders of the various armed forces of the Anti-Japanese War, they often quoted Stalin's words without quotation marks, telling cadres to decide everything.From January 1932, the Manchuria Provincial Committee successively dispatched Zhang Zhenguo (Zhang Yuyan), Secretary of the Special Branch of Jilin City, Yang Junwu (Yang Zuoqing) from the North Manchuria Committee to work on the military movement, and Yang Lin, Secretary of the Military Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, to Panshi to lead the establishment of the anti-Japanese armed forces.Meng Jiemin, Chu Xiangchen, Wang Zhaolan, Li Hongguang, Park Hanzong, Han Hao, Li Songpo, Li Minghai, Cui Shanhao, etc., these Panshi guerrillas and later the leaders and core members of the 1st Army were trained in the training courses held by them.

On June 4, 1932, when the Panshi guerrillas were established in the small gold factory in Sandaogang, Pandong, two spies mixed in, who were sent in by the reactionary landlords in Guojiadian, Pandong.Like the "good old man" I wrote earlier, these two guys with ulterior motives pretended to be progressive and were quite trusted. They could participate in the decision-making meetings of the guerrillas. As a result, all the activities of the guerrillas were under the watchful eyes of the enemy. . On June 14, Squad 1 was introduced into Donggou, Guojiadian. The enemy cooperated from inside and outside, killing 3 members and wounding 2. Among them, Yang Junwu, political commissar and captain of Squad 1, was shot 4 times.

Only 10 days after the establishment of the guerrillas, they were murdered by this kind of murder, and their hatred for the landlords became even stronger, and the landlords became the main targets of attack.Some people say that there are some landlords who are patriotic and anti-Japanese, so it is not a problem to fight like this.However, the spirit of the Northern Conference was conveyed immediately, and those who disagreed felt that they were wrong, and those who advocated doing so became more courageous.The result is as stated in the "Emergency Report of the County Party Committee of the Panshi Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" on July 30:

"Landlords, soldiers from all over the country (that is, the reactionary armed forces organized by the People's Protection Association - the author), bandits, guards, guards, etc., arrested our masses everywhere, cut off our traffic, and the house in Xiaogushan was burned. Three places. Therefore, people from all over the country dare not live at home." "In these incidents, twenty-six people were killed, five were injured, seven were arrested, and countless were beaten and raped." Every comrade in the party, from the county committee to the branch, cannot live at home." "The old foundation of the Panshi Party has been destroyed by the enemy at present, and the comrades of the general party and regiment are living in the mountains and forests." " At present, the Panshi Party is at a critical juncture of survival..." In this urgent report, the central county party committee could not find the root cause that made them "at the critical juncture of survival", but they seemed to have found a way to survive, that is, let the guerrillas and anti-Japanese mountain forest teams "permanently occupy the team" Merger, under the banner of "regularly occupying the team", in order to get rid of the situation of making enemies everywhere and being passively beaten. When two teams of different natures come together, differences and conflicts are inevitable.When it became public and sharp, the Central County Party Committee believed that the "permanent occupation team" might kill the party and youth cadres in the team, so they ordered the team to be pulled out. When the Panshi Guerrilla was established, its official name was the "Panshi Workers and Peasants Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army", and it was called "the 4th Column of the 1st Army of the Manchuria Workers and Peasants Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army" to the outside world.Merging with the "Chang Zhan Brigade", the provincial party committee thought it was Hu Zi's surrender.This time, the Provincial Party Committee proposed to change the name to "Northeast Guerrillas of the 32nd Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" after breaking away from the "Chang Zhan Brigade" this time. In the end, not only did the banner of the "Red Army" not show up, but it was called "Wuyang"—with Tangyuan Guerrillas The "benevolence" of the team coincides with each other in different places. The mayor of Jichang Township in Yitong County claimed that Bo Qing had more than a dozen guns. The county party committee got information that the guns were not kept at home, but in fact they were all at home. On November 27, the Panshi guerrillas came to Changarmutun and first sent a letter to state their interests. Zhang Boqing said that the gun had already driven Huzi away.The captain Meng Jiemin and the chief of staff (surnamed Mu) went to the door.Meng Jiemin went into the house for an interview, and the chief of staff was at the gate of the compound. If an accident happened, the chief of staff would fire his gun as a signal, and the team would come up to besiege.The team was one kilometer away, and it was already too late when they arrived.The siege lasted for a day, Meng Jiemin was killed, a team member who went with him was captured, and two team members outside were injured. One and a half months later, the guerrillas were attacked by the reactionary landlord Gao Xijia in Bozi, Pandong. The successor captain Wang Zhaolan and the political commissar Chu Xiangchen died, and several members were killed or injured. The Huadian county magistrate led more than 80 plainclothes teams and more than 400 merchant soldiers to attack our organization area (such as Xinkaihe, Honey Dingzi, Lizigou, Xisifang Dingzi and other four townships) and massacred Korean men and women More than forty people were arrested, and more than a hundred people were arrested and banned.Their slogan is: "Korea's anti-Japanese is fake, but the Japanese lackeys. The Chinese rise up to kill the Japanese lackeys Koryo and confiscate their property. Whoever kills an old Goryeo will be hanged a thousand times and an old Korean girl." The party's task of fighting for the establishment of the Soviet regime was correct, but the party acted as the tail of the masses and did not win over the vast number of Chinese toiling masses, but only led the struggle of the Korean masses against Japanese imperialism.The masses of Chinese toiling masses have not yet been liberated from the influence of the gentry and landlords, and under the policy of Japanese imperialism, the gentry and landlords, and bandit chieftains inciting national hatred, they helped the landlord class massacre the toiling masses of Korea.Therefore, the united front of the toiling masses of China and South Korea has been completely destroyed at present, and objectively, a war in which the weak and small nations of China and South Korea have slaughtered each other has completely formed. One of the materials to incite ethnic hatred: Old Goryeo sues (rebellion), old Goryeo kills Chinese, Goryeo kills people and skins them (fake evidence leaflets); old Goryeo wants to go home, wants to seize the three eastern provinces, Goryeo has a beard, old Goryeo is a lackey of Japan; Goryeo Communist Party; follow old Goryeo is Goryeo lackeys, liaison with foreign countries; if you want to fight Japan, you first hit the old Goryeo; those who stay in the old (Gao) Li for food and lodging are shot. The above texts are respectively excerpted from the "Panshi County Party Committee Report" and "Panshi Central County Party Committee Emergency Report" on July 2 and 30, 1932. Not alone, such words can be seen more or less in the reports of party organizations in various parts of the Northeast before and after. South Manchuria, North Manchuria, Dongman Manchuria, and Jidong Manchuria must have guns in order to form guerrillas. Where do guns come from?First buy, second grab, mainly by grab.From whom?If it was still during the period of the Agrarian Revolution, the high-walled courtyards known as "courtyard sets" that existed in rural areas everywhere could be entered and robbed.But it's different now. The owner of the compound is also anti-Japanese. He is a friend. Is there any reason to snatch things from friends?Gao Xijia, the chief culprit who caused the simultaneous sacrifice of the two chief officers of the Panshi Guerrilla Army, was referring to him as "reactionary landlords" and "reactionary landlords' armed forces" back then and today.Zhang Boqing, who killed Meng Jiemin before, was a "landlord" and a "big landlord".No one would think that he is an anti-Japanese patriotic landlord. Like many landlords, he seems to need some changes before he can show his political face.And now, with beards all over the place, he refuses to hand in the gun, is there also his difficulty? On April 30, 1935, in the "Report of the Fifth Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army", when reviewing "many parts of the propaganda slogans at that time exceeded the stage of the national revolution", he said: Because the "Left" slogan was too red in color, not only were the Japanese imperialists and their lackeys, the Union Association, the Justice Group, and landlords and landlords directly recognized us as the Communist Party and the Red Army, but also many reactionary leaders and backward masses in the anti-Japanese army opposed us. , It is consistent with the Japanese emperor's rumors and slanders. And as a Korean (ethnic) person, one of the evil consequences that must be endured is that during the period when the northern conference line was popular, among the members of party organizations and guerrillas in various places, Korean (ethnic) people accounted for the majority.The targets of the agrarian revolution and the various armed forces didn't know about the "Northern Conference" and "Southern Conference", but they thought it was all done by the "Old Goryeo". In May 1933, Feng Zhongyun went to the Hailong Central County Party Committee to convey the "1.26" instruction letter, and found that there were party, regiment, young pioneers, children's league, women's association, and anti-imperialist organizations everywhere. carried out among the masses.The central county committee and the party organizations under its leadership are almost all Korean (ethnic) comrades, which emphasizes that the work of the party and the masses should go deep into the Han people. It is not enough to rely on only a small number of Korean (ethnic) people to attack Japan. The Han people must be mobilized.Everyone understands this truth, and everyone is anxious to get angry.However, there are few people who understand Chinese, and even fewer speak it fluently. After leaving the "Korea Village", they are almost like dumb. How to promote and organize?When you "conform with the Japanese emperor's rumors and slanders", no matter how good your Chinese is, no one will listen to you when you see that you are a "Korean stick". kill you. In 1932 (without month and day), in the "No. 4 Report of the Tuanzhu River Special Support Group Provincial Committee", there is a "special report" of a natural paragraph: A regiment of the special branch of the regiment and the special branch of the party sent three comrades to work in Maoershan. On the way, by accident (should be "encounter"-the author) a group of stragglers were unconditionally killed. Two (one member of the regiment) and the other comrade Fortunately, he escaped with his life.Therefore, it is not difficult to send comrades abroad, because soldiers, bandits, and bandits have a lot of national sentiments regardless of what kind of troops they are, and they will be killed if they are just a Koryo stick. It is important to send as many comrades as possible—Chinese comrades to fight this kind of difficulty. When the Volunteer Movement was in turmoil, small and medium-sized teams from all over the country approached the local party organizations and asked to send people to guide and help them.Some were sent back, and declared that "Korean comrades are no longer wanted." Like Sun Chaoyang, he accepted and fully trusted so many North Korean comrades sent by Zhuhe Central County, and even let him take on the role of shopkeeper of Yangzifang, which is really too few. Thus, there is such a passage in the "Letter from Ziyun to the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China" dated August 19, 1932: Chinese comrades are used as treasures in Hailong Panshi. Many Chinese farmers have really increased their faith after meeting Chinese comrades. Therefore, the provincial party committee is still concerned about sending Chinese comrades to Haipan Center for guerrilla warfare. It is very important work, as long as people or comrades with a clearer concept are sent to Hailong, it can be of great use. On January 28, 1933, the Panshi Central County Party Committee sent a letter to the Provincial Party Committee, proposing to exchange "Korean capable comrades for Chinese comrades. We currently need Chinese cadres, not Korean comrades. Please mobilize Korean comrades." On August 15, 1932, the Central Inspector stated in his report: The Manchurian Provincial Party Committee "pays special attention to the work of Panshi, and sends most of the comrades we can recruit to Panshi to strengthen the work, and gives considerable training in advance ( A total of nine people, four have gone, five have not yet left)". Yang Lin, the first Secretary of the Military Committee of the Provincial Party Committee sent by Luo Dengxian, was sent to Panshi. Now, his successor, Wei Baoyi, has sent Yang Jingyu, acting secretary of the Military Commission of the Provincial Party Committee. On February 13, 1905, Yang Jingyu was born in Liwan Village, Queshan County, Henan Province. "Two fields, one cow, wife and children on a hot kang", this description of a well-off family in the Northeast countryside is applicable to the Central Plains and all parts of the country.Yang Jingyu's family has 20 mu of land, and 10 mu of rented landowners. They own several thatched houses, cattle, and farm tools. It should be said that it is possible.His father died when he was five years old, and his mother lived with him and his sister who was four years younger than him, relying on his uncle, and living with his grandmother and uncle's family.The blow of losing a father and a husband is undoubtedly heavy, but it is still economically acceptable.Yang Jingyu has not interrupted his studies, which should be able to prove this point.At the same time, it also shows that the family is harmonious and values ​​education. "Yang Jingyu", the name known to everyone today, was used when he went to Panshi and Hailong as an inspector of the Manchuria Provincial Committee in November 1932. Zhou Min, Zhang Guanyi, and Naichao had also been used before. Pseudonym.Yang Jingyu's original surname is Ma. When he was studying in the village at the age of eight, his husband named him "Shangde", that is, Ma Shangde.So much so that after the founding of the People's Republic of China, his daughter Ma Jinyun and members of the Ma family did not know that the national hero Yang Jingyu was their relative. Yang Jingyu is smart and hardworking. He has been doing well in his studies from private school to county high school and provincial first industrial school.He respects the teacher, never laughs or talks with his classmates, and has a spirit of resistance. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, my uncle bought four boxes of moon cakes and gave them to the landlord's house as a gift, saying that this is a custom passed down from the old life.Yang Jingyu said that we rented his land and didn't owe him rent, so why give him gifts?Unreasonable rules have to be changed. "The third generation of rich kings and eighths." County officials and children of rich people also bully children of poor families.Yang Jingyu, who was in his early 1.80 meters, was also tall and strong at this time. No one dared to bully him, but no one could bully others.There was a "Master Sun" in the class who beat him and made him ride a horse.When Yang Jingyu heard about it, he beat up the kid, asked him if he was still bullying, and warned him not to complain to his father, or he would beat you up. Yang Jingyu participated in the boycott of Japanese goods and confiscated all Japanese goods from merchants colluding with the county magistrate.The county instructed the principal to discipline Yang Jingyu and others. Yang Jingyu said that you taught in self-cultivation classes that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country" and "righteousness of the nation, dignity first", but you succumbed to the reactionary government and obstructed the students' patriotic actions.The principal became furious and threatened to expel them from school.Yang Jingyu said that if you dare to expel students, I will call on the whole school to strike and demand the removal of the principal. During the "May 30th Movement", Yang Jingyu, as a student representative of the Provincial No. 1 Industrial School, gave speeches on the streets, organized fundraising, searched Japanese and British goods, and supported Shanghai compatriots in their struggle against imperialism. In the autumn of 1926, when the Northern Expeditionary Army was about to enter Henan, Yang Jingyu graduated from the primary class of the First Industrial School.In accordance with the party's instructions, he dropped out of school and returned to his hometown of Queshan to engage in the peasant movement, and was elected chairman of the executive committee of the Queshan County Farmers Association.In April of the following year, Queshan rioted. Yang Jingyu led tens of thousands of farmers to fight fiercely for two days and nights, captured the county seat, captured the county magistrate alive, and established the Queshan County Temporary Security Committee.This is the first revolutionary regime in the history of Henan Province. Seven members, including Yang Jingyu, are all democratically elected. On November 1, 1927, Yang Jingyu directed the Liudian Autumn Harvest Uprising.After the victory, the Peasant Revolutionary Army, led by Commander-in-Chief Yang Jingyu and Party Representative Li Mingqi, carried out guerrilla warfare in Queshan, Runan, Zhengyang, Xinyang and other places in southeastern Henan, creating rural base areas and opening the prelude to the Henan Agrarian Revolutionary War . In May 1929, Yang Jingyu was sent by the Henan Provincial Committee to study in the training class of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai.Because he was already familiar to the enemy in Henan, he was assigned to the Northeast after two months of study.Since then, the footsteps and name of this big young man from the Central Plains have been closely linked with the fate of this black land full of suffering. "When you come to Qianjin Village, sell the bedding, replace the new one with the old one, and turn the old one into a sack." Now, in Fushun, which is called "Qianjin Village" among the people, "Shandong Zhang" and "Big Zhang" have come. Now when mentioning coal, people will think of Shanxi.Before the middle of the 20th century, what was not mentioned was Fushun, which was once known as the "coal capital" after the founding of New China. In the summer of 1929, when Yang Jingyu was appointed by Manchuria Province under the pseudonym "Zhang Guanyi" to Fushun as the secretary of the special branch, this city, which thrived on coal, was basically under the control of Japanese imperialism. The Japanese run it, and the money is pouring into the Japanese wallets. From the student movement to the peasant movement, this labor movement is a new topic. Yang Jingyu moved the bedding to the workers' beds and worked with the miners.Where are you from?I am from Shandong.Where is Shandong?Cao County.At that time, the southeast, the north, and the west were full. Wherever I went, I saw someone, and when I spoke, there were six or seven out of ten with Shandong dialect, and coal miners were no exception.Queshan County is close to Hubei, but far away from Shandong, but Shandong dialect is easy to learn. Once you hear that you are from a hometown, the distance will be shortened all of a sudden.Seeing that he doesn't smile or talk, he also finds that this person is quite educated, well-informed, and when he has a little time, people will gather around him, and his kind eyes reveal trust and respect.Some people have heard stories like "serving the country with loyalty" many times, but when it comes out of the mouths of "Shandong Zhang" and "Big Zhang", it has a unique taste.As for the words "exploitation", "oppression", "class", and "class struggle", no matter how novel and unfamiliar it sounds, these people who live at the bottom of society and are called "stinky coolies" and "coal blacks" I will also learn more or less from the suffering I have experienced. The Japanese capitalists want to lay off workers, and the workers are on fire. Isn't it obvious that everyone should work overtime?Not knowing what to do for a while, let Yang Jingyu make up his mind.Yang Jingyu said: Go on strike, don't let him do it, as long as we unite, we can choke the little Japanese!The miners acted quickly, and Yang Jingyu took a few workers to meet the Japanese capitalists, asking them to withdraw their decision to lay off workers, increase the wages of the miners, and not allow them to work overtime.At the beginning, the Japanese were very stubborn, and they couldn't hold on until the fourth day, so they had to agree to all the conditions. August 1st is the "International Red Day" stipulated by the Communist International. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China requires all major cities in the provinces to hold demonstrations and organize riots.That night, Wang Zhenxiang, secretary of the Tuanfushun Special Branch, was arrested while putting up slogans. The Japanese police felt that they had caught a big fish this time, and even believed that Yang Jingyu was the leader of the Communist Party of Manchuria.Yang Jingyu does not admit that he is a member of the Communist Party. I don't know what a "Communist Party" is.The criminal Hengyan Jixing of the Higher Department of the Police Department confronted the traitor, Yang Jingyu insisted that I did not know this person, and I did not understand what was going on.Shigeo Hachisuka, the dean of the higher department, had no choice but to order severe punishment to pry Yang Jingyu's mouth open.Whipping with a whip, pouring cold water, pressing the bar, sitting on a tiger bench, shutting Yang Jingyu to death, those are the words.Twenty-five years later, Shigeo Hachisuka, who was imprisoned in the Fushun War Criminals Management Center, said in his confession: "When Yokoen interrogated a detainee who was about 30 years old, he was very strong-willed, and he did not Talk about the Fushun organization." On September 28, when Yang Jingyu was extradited by the Fushun Japanese Police Department to the Fushun County Public Security Bureau in China, he was imprisoned in a water prison and was tortured. He was tortured and soon infected, rotted, had a fever, and suffered from dysentery.In his report to the county government, the chief of the Public Security Bureau stated that he was "very seriously ill" and "would be in danger." In mid-October, at the Fushun District Court, Yang Jingyu unbuttoned his shirt: This is in our place in China, and the Japanese beat him.I am an ordinary Chinese citizen, and I was arrested by the Japanese for no reason, and I was beaten and sued. The Chinese government and courts did not decide for me, but judged me for the Japanese. Do you still have a Chinese conscience?You are Chinese in vain! Yang Jingyu was sentenced to 18 months in prison for "suspected counter-revolutionary". In April 1931, Yang Jingyu was released after serving his sentence, found the Provincial Party Committee in Fengtian, and was arrested again three days later. After the "September 18th" incident, the situation was turbulent. All kinds of prisoners locked in the prison at that time could be redeemed for a few thousand yuan.The Manchuria Provincial Committee used money to dredge up and down, and rescued a group of party members such as Yang Jingyu and Zhao Shangzhi one after another.Yang Jingyu first served as the president of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Association and secretary of the Harbin Daowai District Party Committee, then as the secretary of the Harbin Municipal Party Committee and acting Secretary of the Provincial Military Committee, and finally as the political commissar of the Red 32nd Army Nanman Guerrilla, which was reorganized from the Panshi Guerrilla. What I don't want to say, but I have to say, is Yang Jingyu's attitude towards the "Northern Conference". At the enlarged meeting of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee that accepted the "Northern Conference" attended by 14 people, Yang Jingyu made a speech during the discussion, arguing that the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee headed by Luo Dengxian was "right opportunist in itself": In the past, the opportunistic leadership of the Provincial Party Committee ruined the work in Manchuria. Acceptance of the Northern Conference requires a fundamental understanding of: (1) Japanese imperialism is actively preparing to attack the Soviet Union in Manchuria (the headquarters of the Kwantung Army moved to Changchun, the eight stations were forced to accept, etc.). (2) The great victory of the Red Army in the Soviet Area and the confrontation between the two regimes, the task of supporting the Soviet Union and creating the Red Army in the Northern Soviet Area are inseparable. (3) Propagating the victory of the Red Army, raising donations for the Red Army to be welcomed by the working people, recruiting workers to the Red Army, and launching guerrilla warfare in Manchuria must have specific arrangements. (4) The labor movement should be strengthened. Ha is always empty and should be organized from small groups (red groups, etc.). (5) The struggle on the two fronts should be developed in practical work. Regarding the second natural paragraph, participants expressed more or less the same meaning.As for the first natural paragraph, it is obviously exaggerating to completely deny the work of the former provincial party committee headed by Luo Dengxian.The new provincial party committee also appreciates the metaphor of "tail doctrine" and "even the tail can't catch up", and wrote it into the resolution of the enlarged meeting of the provincial party committee. There is no information to show that at that time, some people clearly expressed their opposition to the spirit of the "Northern Conference".Even Luo Dengxian himself had to admit that "I should bear serious responsibility for this opportunistic and wrong leadership of the Provincial Party Committee."As a party member, it is impossible for him to oppose the decision of the Party Central Committee.As for Wei Baoyi, the tall, spectacled successor, when the "1.26" instruction letter actually declared the bankruptcy of the "Northern Conference" line, his mission on the black earth was almost over. .History has made him take up this post at this time, and he can only act in accordance with the spirit of the "Northern Conference".There is no other way.This is his tragedy, and of course it is the tragedy of the Northeast Communists who were the first to resist the Japanese War. Zhao Shangzhi once expressed his dissent, but he did not think that the spirit of the "Northern Conference" was wrong, but that the Provincial Party Committee did not understand the specific situation below.To use the easy-to-understand terms we are used to today, the provincial party committee is a bureaucrat, directing blindly, and not listening to the correct opinions below. The Provincial Party Committee personally proposed to change the name of the Panshi Guerrillas to the Northeast Guerrillas of the 32nd Army of the Red Army.Yang Jingyu came to Panshi as an inspector of the Provincial Party Committee, and without hesitation reorganized it into the South Manchurian guerrillas of the 32nd Red Army. The Panshi Central County Party Committee, which was reorganized by Yang Jingyu, said in a letter to the Provincial Party Committee on January 28, 1933: "With regard to the mistakes in the leadership of the guerrillas, I pointed out that the strategy will be changed in the future and the landlords and gentry will be violently attacked." "Pull the roller across the ridge—one step at a time", this allegory that farmers often talk about should be a portrayal of the resurgence of the Party and guerrillas in various places.However, with the foundation of the Panshi Party and the masses, and the great help of the provincial party committee, they could not get past the hurdle of the "Northern Conference"—and Yang Jingyu was the same. Later, Zhao Shangzhi, known as "Southern Yang and Northern Zhao", was the last Secretary of the Military Commission sent by Luo Dengxian, and Yang Jingyu was the first Secretary of the Military Commission sent by the new provincial committee. After the "Northern Zhao" arrived in the Bayan guerrillas, it was a scorching summer, but the cold current of the Northern Conference was rolling. When "Nanyang" went to the Panshi guerrillas, it was a harsh winter, but what came oncoming was the warm wind of the united front.This is the difference of good fortune.However, if this is not the case, in the face of reality, if Yang Jingyu is asked to turn the slogan that cannot be realized into reality, he will be flexible. On November 2, 1932, the day Yang Jingyu set out to inspect Panshi and Hailong, the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee commented on Yang Jingyu in a report to the Central Committee: "This comrade is the most resolute politically in Manchuria. " Yang Jingyu visited Panshi in November 1932.He didn't know that the Panshi Guerrilla had left the "Chang Zhan Squad", and of course he didn't know that he disarmed a detachment of the "Chang Zhan Squad" and killed 6 people who seemed to have an innate relationship with the Communist Party and the guerrillas. beard.When he pretends to be an "old customer" (businessman) collecting mountain goods, and Lao Liu, a traffic officer of the provincial party committee, finds the "permanent team" near Yantong Mountain in Panshi County, what's the point?Immediately tied up. After hearing what was going on, Yang Jingyu smiled: People cannot be resurrected after death, there is nothing wrong with this.As for the gun, as long as I see the guerrillas, I promise to return it in full.But if you kill me and make friends with the guerrillas, then don't expect anything.As the old saying goes, "Enemies should be resolved rather than knotted", not to mention that the Japanese now occupy our three eastern provinces.There are problems with the guerrillas, but they are really fighting Japan, and you know it without telling me.If you can't join forces, why not join hands to fight the Japanese?You kill me, I kill you, we Chinese kill ourselves, who is happy and benefits?Do you still think that the Japanese killed few Chinese? Mu Lianshan, the leader of the "Chang Zhan Team", is also a man.If it's the kind of master who trembles when he sees a rope and a gun, if there are a few more, he will probably die.Seeing that Yang Jingyu's expression remained unchanged, Mr. Mu Lianshan paid a little respect, and after listening to the eloquent talk, it made sense, so he immediately untied him, poured wine in a blue porcelain bowl, and the two became friends. This is the first time Yang Jingyu has seen Northeast Beard, and he must have been deeply impressed. Leaving the "Chang Zhan Squad", he was caught by a group of bearded "National Protectors", saying that he was a detective sent by the Japanese, and after a lot of talking, he was able to escape. After being pulled out from the "Chang Zhan Brigade", differences arose within the guerrillas.Some people think that we are Panshi guerrillas, under the leadership of the central county party committee, and cannot leave Panshi.Most people think that the party organization has gone up the mountain, and there is no hope. The "permanent team" is seeking revenge on us. This place can't stay here anymore, and we should go to Dongman. If Dongman can't do it, we should go to the Soviet Union.The minority obeyed the majority and marched towards East Manchuria. In mid-November, I arrived at Changshantun at the junction of Huadian and Yongji. It was snowing heavily, the sky and the earth were white, and I had no food and clothing. At this moment, Yang Jingyu came. It was late at night, and Yang Jingyu was still talking to everyone.He pointed to the oil lamp hanging on the wall, and said that our guerrilla army is like this lamp, we cannot hold oil without a bowl, and we must have oil if we have a bowl.The big guys are almost all Panshi people, born and bred, familiar with everyone, isn't this just a bowl and oil?It is true that the activities of the county party committee are difficult, but the party organization is still there, and it is still our backer, backbone, and wick, which can illuminate us! The big provincial commissioner, the smile on his face made people feel warm and down-to-earth, and the reasoning sounded solid and smooth, besides, the "Chang Zhan Team" was no longer the enemy. When Yang Jingyu came to Panshi, he had a special mission.The provincial party committee believes that Panshi's "current problem is not the issue of subordinate comrades and combatants, but how to reform this leading organization, from the county party committee to the leaders of the team, to carry out a thorough transformation." After the guerrillas returned to Panshi, Yang Jingyu reorganized the team, with Meng Jiemin as the captain, Wang Zhaolan as the deputy captain, and Chu Xiangchen as the political commissar.The county party committee was reorganized.Then, go to visit along Jihai Road and Hailong County. At this moment, the South Manchuria guerrillas suffered repeated setbacks. Captain Meng Jiemin and his successor Wang Zhaolan, political commissar Chu Xiangchen, and some key members and team members died one after another—as mentioned above. It is difficult to link these setbacks with Yang Jingyu, because the Panshi Party was carrying out the land revolution before, and at this time almost all the guerrillas in various places were fighting against the local tyrants to seize arms.It's also hard not to connect with Yang Jingyu, because his presence clearly exacerbates this tendency. On January 7, in the "Manchuria Provincial Party Committee's Instruction Letter to the Panshi Central County Party Committee and the Guerrillas", it was believed that under the leadership of Yang Jingyu, the Panshi guerrillas began a major transformation, and within a month they "obtained the Many achievements. The main ones are: started to lead the guerrilla movement, launched a struggle to distribute food and confiscate the land and property of the gentry and landlords, and shot and killed several big landlords and the most powerful reactionary leader of the Kuomintang (Commander Yu)". The Bayan guerrillas collapsed at this time, but the leaders are still there.Panshi is reversed, the guerrillas are still there, but the leader is gone.After repeated setbacks, some people lost confidence and advocated that the team should disperse activities. In fact, they just got up and quit.Someone in the county party committee simply proposed to insert a gun.People in the team kept deserting. After a few days, there were more than 160 people and less than 100 people. People were panicking and were about to disband.Fortunately, Liu Guofeng, the inspector of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League, came by coincidence and resolutely opposed the shooting of guns and dispersing activities, so he managed to stabilize the team.Yang Jingyu also came from Hailong after hearing the news. Yang Jingyu reorganized the team and decided to stay on as the political commissar. It was a decisive, fearless decision, one that sealed his fate and that of the guerrillas. In the snowy January of 1933, the season of "Laqi Laba, freezing your jaw off", this guerrilla army especially needed a strong character so that it could last for a while—when winter comes, spring will be far behind ? If the Bayan guerrillas did not collapse at this time, but survived for a while, it would not be without improvement-because the "1.26" instruction letter will be delivered soon. The first act of the deputy political commissar of the South Manchurian guerrillas of the Red 32nd Army after taking office was to lead this team, which lacked supplies, ammunition, and even less confidence, to launch an attack. The first and most important and fundamental characteristic of military resourcefulness, and indeed of life philosophy, is knowing what you can and cannot do.It goes without saying that a strong team wants to attack.A weak team also needs to attack, and needs to attack even more, so it doesn't make sense for a while.你说咱们眼下就像冰天雪地里冻得瑟瑟发抖的人，你越佝偻，缩成一团，就越冷，只有甩开膀子活动起来，才能发热出汗。有人会说你这个比方不对，或是在心里冲你摇头，说咱们的游击队就像个得了大病的人，自己都顾不过来自己了，还要找上门去打架，这不是疯了吗？那就打个胜仗。说一千，道一万，打胜仗才是硬道理，胜利总是最有说服力的，只是你得明白能够打什么样的胜仗。 游击战，偷袭战，打了就跑。先是打下蛤蟆河子的“会房子”（保民会的据点），缴获“会兵”（保民会的反动武装）长短枪10支，还有一批给养。接着，又在铁路工人的配合下，袭击吉海路老爷岭日本守备队一个小队，毙伤日军9人，毁坏铁甲车1辆。官兵信心、士气大振，对这位还习惯地称为“省委特派员”的代理政委，开始信服了。 从1月底开始，日伪军先后调动近两千人马，对磐石地区红军游击队和各色反日武装发动连续4个月的“讨伐”。南满游击队与敌接仗几十次，其中比较大的战斗4次，头两次的对手都是被称为“降队”、“汉奸队”的“东江好”和“毛团”。游击队占据有利地势，一边阻击敌人，一边大打攻心战：“红军是穷人的队伍！”“士兵不打士兵！”“劳苦兄弟联合起来，打倒共同的敌人日本子！”这种敌人本来没什么战斗力，一听这些口号就更闹心了，有时再寻机派出支小部队到敌人屁股后头打一阵子，那仗也就没什么打头了。 后两次就是跟日军对阵了。鬼子装备好，训练有素，也顽强，只是它在明处，游击队在暗处，机枪、大炮找不着北，使不上劲。最后一次就是伏击战，在日军来路上伏击，退路上还袭扰、伏击。两仗歼灭十多个鬼子，游击队无一伤亡。 在这次“讨伐”中，磐石地区反日武装有的垮了，有的插枪了，还活动着的或多或少都有损失。而红军游击队打的仗最多，对敌人的打击也最大，还发展、锻炼了队伍，使自己在“1·26”指示信后的统一战线中占据了有利地位。 杨靖宇无疑是力挽狂澜式的人物。但在宏观、战略上被北方会议盖了帽的大背景前提下，无论怎样变通，也无论取得多少战术上的胜利，也是难以力挽狂澜的——除非上级改弦易辙，除非你是神仙。 1933年1月26日，中共驻共产国际代表团，根据共产国际执委第十二次全会精神和部分参加东北抗战的同志的汇报，写了一封《中共中央给满洲各级党部及全体党员的信——论满洲的状况和我们党的任务》，即后来通称的“1·26”指示信。 指示信是王明代中央起草的。王明这时是中共驻共产国际代表、共产国际执委会委员、政治局书记处书记。 指示信由莫斯科送到吉东局，吉东局书记孙广英亲自送到满洲省委。信是用药水写的，再用药水处理显示出字迹，后面署名“中央”，就有了疑问。既是中央指示，为什么不是来自上海，而是莫斯科？省委与上海是经常有交通员往来的呀？省委尚不知道半年前，中央已由上海迁到江西中央苏区，上海只是设有中央局领导白区工作机关。认为这封信是假的，还有一个理由，就是这封信的内容与北方会议以来的中央文件精神大不相同，而这也正是一些人坚持信是真的理由，认为它比较符合满洲的实际情况。 接下来争论的焦点，是部分地还是全部地执行这个文件。有人认为南满磐石、海龙地区群众基础好，红32军的旗帜已经打出去了，且有很大影响，可继续搞红军和苏维埃，其他地区则搞人民革命军和人民革命政府。以魏抱一为首的一些人认为，指示信是决定东北战略全局的，应该全部贯彻执行。 省委将自己的意见报告中央，请求指示，上海方面没有回音。形势不容等待，省委决定召开扩大会，贯彻执行指示信。 这封13000多字的指示信，主要讲了四个方面的问题。 一是首次明确提出东北抗战中的统一战线问题。“在满洲群众运动现在发展的阶段上，我们总策略方针，是一方面尽可能的造成全民族的（计算到特殊的环境）反帝统一战线，来聚集和联合一切可能的，虽然是不可靠的动摇力量，共同与共同的敌人——日本帝国主义及其走狗斗争。另一方面准备进一步的阶级分化及统一战线内部阶级斗争的基础，准备满洲苏维埃革命胜利的前途。”之后，人们一提起“1·26”指示信，首先想到的就是“统一战线”。因为这是这封指示信的核心部分，更因为之前北方会议孤家寡人的抗战路线教训太深刻，太令人深恶痛绝了。 二是分析四种反日武装的性质及对策。第一种是马占山、李杜、丁超等人的队伍，服从国民党指挥，是不可靠的动摇的。第二种是王德林的队伍，成员大都是农民，国民党的影响较小。第三种是以农民为主体的大刀会、红枪会、自卫团，一部分受地主富农和旧军官的影响、指挥，一部分在革命分子领导和影响下。第四种是党领导的赤色游击队，是最先进最革命最有战斗力的队伍，然而直到现在还不是反日战争的领导者和左右一切的力量。对第一种队伍，主要是和士兵组织统一战线。对第二种除下层统一战线外，视情况或许可能实行上层统一战线。对第三种视其内部反对反动领袖的情况，以及我们在其间的影响，来决定实行统一战线的程度和范围。 三是强调夺取统一战线的领导权，保持党的独立性。“无论在什么时候，都坚持和保存自己政治上和组织上的独立性，即无产阶级的政党自由的和不留情的批评和揭穿统一战线内团体中的一切不彻底、动摇、叛变、变节、投降的企图和事实。坚决的无情的反对右倾分子，把夺取无产阶级领导权的策略，变为投降和作资产阶级尾巴的一种企图和趋势。但同时要和'左'倾关门主义，及在政策的实际工作中想跳过现在阶段的企图和趋势宣布无情的战争，因为这可过早的破坏或完全不可能造成现在所规定的必需的统一战线。” 四是强调群众斗争策略的灵活性。“北方会议”要求普遍地组织工人罢工，农民没收地主土地，军队实行兵变，组织红军，建立苏维埃政权。“1·26”指示信根据东北的特殊情况，提出党的中心工作是没收敌伪财产，保障劳动群众的基本权利，在伪军中组织兵变，在反日武装斗争中由最好的游击队编成人民革命军，建立选举的民众政权和反日会。 在经历了半年多自杀式的“把反日战争和土地革命密切联系起来”后，历史基本又回到了罗登贤时期的那个起点上。 孙悟空的一个跟斗云，也只能翻出十万八千里。比之“北方会议”，“1·26”指示信无异于从三九一下子跃进三伏了，也就难免留下些“北方会议”的尾巴。到了1934年2月22日，中央认为东北已经到了必须“把反日游击运动提高到土地革命的阶段”，指示满洲省委执行“1·26”指示信中“准备满洲苏维埃革命”的任务，这尾巴就又高扬为旗帜了。 “1·26”指示信送达满洲省委时，杨靖宇正在省委。这时他已从实践中认识到“北方会议”那一套是行不通的，却又不能擅作主张，就从磐石赶来请示汇报，正好赶上省委学习、讨论、贯彻指示信的一个全过程。 王明在写作这封指示信前，应该知道东北的“胡子”、“山林队”，以及他们当时的生存状态。不知是不屑一顾，还是这位安徽金寨县（这个县历史上也是盛产“胡子”的）人觉得生僻、拗口，还是怎么的，反正通篇都没有“胡子”、“土匪”、“山林队”的字样。 现在，杨靖宇与已经写到或行将写到的一些共产党人，不约而同地准备与胡子、山林队统战、联合。 像任何一个义勇军曾经比较活跃的县份一样，磐石地区的大小绺子有几十种，比较大的像“老常青”、“朱司令”、“双胜”、“西省”、“吴司令”、“磐石好”等等。大绺子之下还有小绺子，司令中还有司令。有的“合绺合财”，有的“合绺不合财”，即大家合伙干，缴获或抢劫来的财物，按照各自人枪多少统一分配，或是哪个绺子抢的就是哪个绺子的，再各自按照人股枪股进行分配。而无论合绺不合绺，合财不合财，山林队一般都是反日的。即便专事抢劫的胡子，日伪逮着机会也是一样收拾的，也不得不反日。依照敌人的敌人就是朋友的法则，这种纯胡子的山林队，即便不能归入朋友、同盟这一类，也不应是仇敌。 “东江好”、“毛团”“讨伐”游击队失利，“东江好”被日军缴械，“毛团”见势不好，哗变反正，杨靖宇曾写信给予鼓励、支持。这在当时是犯忌的，可现在不成问题了，可以甩开膀子干了。 红军真打鬼子，而且在反“讨伐”中打出了威风，这是山林队都服气的。而且这时日伪军又开始“讨伐”，大敌当前，大家都觉得应该团结起来，共同对敌。所以，杨靖宇在山林队中进行的统一战线工作，还是比较顺利的。 7月下旬，在桦甸县八道河子附近，杨靖宇主持召开了南满反日军联合参谋部成立大会。到会的有南满游击队、“毛团”、“赵团”、“马团”、“韩团”、“许团”、“殿臣”、“常占”、“三江好”、“四季好”等70多位反日武装领导人，一致选举“毛团”首领毛作彬为总司令，杨靖宇为政委，李红光为参谋长，“殿臣”首领傅殿臣为军需长。 这是“1·26”指示信后，东北红军与非党反日武装最初的联合，而且掌握了相当的领导权。