Chapter 2 The first chapter is great, Luo Dengxian

An oil lamp is flickering, reflecting the serious faces that are bright or dark. This was a few days after the "September 18th" incident, and the exact date is unclear.The location was a small island called Niudianzi under the Harbin River Bridge, at the home of Feng Zhongyun, the party's liaison station, where senior cadres of the North Manchurian party were holding an emergency meeting. The young man who presided over the meeting was named Luo Dengxian. This summer, as a representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he came to the Northeast to inspect his work, just in time for this major event that shocked China and the world.

After analyzing the current situation, Luo Dengxian said: The Kuomintang's policy of non-resistance has betrayed the Northeast and its compatriots in the Northeast.Where the enemy ravages our compatriots, we Communists must fight against the enemy together with the people! The light pulled his tall and slender figure to the wall. On that pale and distinctive southern face, there was passion in the calmness and sternness: Comrades, I want to solemnly declare that I will not expel the Japanese aggressors. A request to leave the Northeast cannot be made.Anyone who makes such a request is a terrorist waver and not a member of the Chinese Communist Party.

None of us will leave!Everyone spoke in unison. Luo Dengxian's original name was Luo Guang, and he used to be named Daping (after arriving in the Northeast), Guangsheng, and He Yongsheng. Born in Shunde County, Guangdong Province in 1905, his parents died when he was young, and he was taken to Hong Kong by his sister to be raised.Due to difficulties in life, he dropped out of school at the age of eleven and worked with his brother-in-law in Taikoo Shipyard. He was an apprentice for four years and a fitter for six years.Smart, hard-working, and daring to speak out, he is popular among workers and is one of the founders of the Hong Kong Metal Workers' Union. He joined the Communist Party in 1925, and later participated in the organization and leadership of the provincial and Hong Kong strikes, served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Hong Kong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and participated in the leadership of the Guangzhou Uprising. He was arrested in Hong Kong at the end of 1927, experienced various punishments in prison, and was unyielding. After being rescued by the organization in the spring of 1928, he served as secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee. At the Sixth National Congress of the Party, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee and an alternate member of the Political Bureau. In 1930, he served as Secretary of the Party Committee of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and was soon transferred to the Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. At the beginning of 1931, he was transferred back to Shanghai and served as the chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

At that time, the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee was located in Fengtian. In mid-November, Liao Ruyuan, Secretary of the Military Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, and Yang Xianze, Secretary of the Propaganda Department were arrested and imprisoned.This person is also a soft bone, and the provincial party committee has been severely damaged. In December, the central government decided that Luo Dengxian would serve as the Secretary of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee and Minister of Organization. After the establishment of the Manchuria Provincial Committee in October 1927, it was virtually abolished in April 1935. In less than eight years, 12 provincial party secretaries were replaced.They are Chen Weiren (October 1927-December 1928), Wang Ligong (January-May 1929, absent due to illness, Liu Shaoyou acted as secretary), Liu Shaoqi (pseudonym Zhiqi, Zhao Ziqi, 1929 June to March 1930), Li Zifen (April 1930), Lin Zhongdan (Zhang Hao, formerly known as Lin Yuying, May to August 1930), Sun Jie (Chen Tanqiu, August 1930 to January 1931 ), Zhang Yinglong (February to November 1931), Luo Dengxian (December 1931 to June 1932), Wei Baoyi (Li Shi, July 1932 to September 1933), Li Yaokui (October 1933 ), Lao Ma (Lin Dianyan, January 1933-September 1934), Yang Guanghua (October 1934-April 1935).

An important reason for the frequent change of leaders is that many people were arrested (only Zhang Yinglong rebelled), accounting for more than half.Among them, the most famous Liu Shaoqi, who later served as the chairman of the People's Republic of China, was one of the important "evidences" of becoming a "traitor" and "internal traitor" during the "Cultural Revolution", which was the experience of being arrested by Feng clique warlords when he was the secretary of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee . It illustrates the cruelty of the struggle in the Northeast and the harsh environment.

After the "September 18th" incident, it became even more cruel and vile. It cannot be said what kind of character Luo Dengxian, who is little known today, would have become if he lived to October 1, 1949. History has proved that this new secretary of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, a 26-year-old alternate member of the Central Political Bureau, is indeed is extraordinary. This is a time of rapid change, a time that requires swift judgment and decision-making.The hostile camps and various political and armed forces, including the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France and other countries with political and economic interests in the Northeast, are examining and adjusting their own guidelines and policies in order to occupy a strong position in the new situation.

An important strategic move of Luo Dengxian is to deploy powerful cadres to the countryside to propagandize, mobilize and organize the masses to carry out armed struggle.One is to actively support and help the anti-Japanese struggle of the volunteers in various parts of the Northeast, and the other is to vigorously develop the anti-Japanese armed forces directly led by the Communist Party and carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare. Now, we must use some space to understand what the Northeast looked like after the "September 18th" Incident. On December 20, 1935, Feng Kang (Wei Zhengmin), Secretary of the Eastern Manchurian Special Committee, said in the report "About Suifen Dadianzi and Antu's Anti-Japanese Work and Other Issues":

Our people - the army ("People's Revolutionary Army", the middle three characters are omitted in the original text - the author) are now active one or two miles away from the city every day, and the enemy dare not come out. There is only one Japanese in Antu County. At the end of 1935, there was only one Japanese in Antu County, which should be an exception among the 154 counties in Northeast China at that time.But in 1932, there were too many counties where no shadow of the Japanese invaders could be seen, especially remote counties. After the "September 18th" Incident, the so-called Japanese army occupied a large area of ​​Liaojihei in less than three months, mainly large and medium-sized cities and along the railway line.In the vast rural areas, or the local garrisons, or the common people, or a combination of the army and the people, the volunteer army swarmed up to 93 counties.After the failure of the Volunteer Army, a part close to the Soviet Union crossed the border to the Soviet Union. After being disarmed, they were deported and exiled to Xinjiang.Those who stayed and those in most other areas, some scattered and went home, some surrendered, and some sneaked into the mountains and became beards (beards). Using the more elegant words in the documents and materials of the year, they were called "mountain forests". Team".

In the summer of 1932, heavy rains caused disasters in many parts of the Northeast, and the Songhua River even rushed into Harbin, and more than a dozen surrounding counties became Zeguo.The little hope of the farmers who are planing food in the soil is how to survive until next year's autumn harvest.Whenever there are natural disasters or war disasters, the elderly will shake their heads and sigh, saying that this is the year of "growing a beard".People from the Northeast describe so many things and they are so fierce that they add the word "qi" in front of the noun.For example, when crops are infested with insects, it is said "there are insects".Since modern times, there have been three major "beard rises" in Northeast China.One is the late period of the Sino-Japanese War, the other is the period of the Russo-Japanese War, and the third is after the "September 18th" Incident.Wars and natural disasters have made people's lives more difficult. In the words of some old people interviewed by the author, it is "beards everywhere".

The Japanese aggressors' "principle of public security" which will be described in detail later, was brought up soon after.Although the Japanese invaders continue to increase their troops, but in the huge Northeast, there are hundreds of thousands of Kwantung troops, so where will they go if they are all scattered?Moreover, cities and railways are constantly being attacked, and the number of troops is even more insufficient.In the counties where the Japanese invaders have not set foot, some of the county magistrates and a group of officials resigned and returned home, some fled and entered the customs, and some, like Zhang Guodong, the county magistrate of Jinxi, were ready to meet the invaders, and the ground would become what kind?Even the counties occupied by the Japanese army mostly occupy a county seat, and outside the city is a world of various armed forces, and a small number of Japanese troops dare not leave the city easily.

It is difficult to compare the suppression of the Communists by the Fengtian warlords with other warlords, who is lighter and who is more serious.The people of Northeast China did not have the experience of the Great Revolution from 1925 to 1927, and it is certain that the party organization in Northeast China is relatively weak.However, the objective situation after the "September 18th" incident and the power vacuum in the vast rural areas have provided the Communists with an opportunity to grow and develop, and they can accomplish a lot in that vast world. Before the "September 18th" Incident, the Communist Party did not have a single soldier in the Northeast, and the work of the Manchuria Provincial Committee was mainly oriented to the cities.After Luo Dengxian presided over the work of the provincial party committee, he quickly started two changes: shifting the focus of work from the city to the countryside, and shifting the opposition to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and Feng faction warlords to the armed resistance against the Japanese aggressors. Luo Dengxian began to dispatch troops and generals. The first person to be mobilized was Tong Changrong, secretary of the Dalian Municipal Party Committee, and he was asked to serve as secretary of the special committee in Dongman (roughly the area under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture today).The party organization there is organizing an armed riot, and there is an urgent need for a general to take the helm there. Luo Dengxian said: Comrade Evergreen, you can do anything to fight against Japan and save the country. After that, Luo Dengxian had to talk to every comrade sent by the Manchuria Provincial Committee to various places.And it was November at this time, the smoke of the Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War was thick, Zhang Yinglong had not yet been arrested and rebelled, and Luo Dengxian was still an inspector of the Central Committee.Like many martyrs who died in the early days of the Northeast Anti-Japanese War that will be written in this book, Luo Dengxian left us very little information, and it is difficult to know what he talked with Tong Changrong and later comrades.However, "You can do anything in order to fight against Japan and save the country" is not only decisive, it fully demonstrates his trust in Tong Changrong, and it just interprets what he did in the Northeast. Under the deployment and guidance of Luo Dengxian, cadres from the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee and local party organizations went to the front line of the struggle in batches.For example, Yang Lin, Zhou Baozhong, Zhao Shangzhi, several military committee secretaries of the provincial party committee, and Feng Zhongyun, secretary general of the provincial party committee, were all sent down by him.At that time, there were 2,132 Party members in the Northeast. They were only sent to organize and lead the Volunteer Army or directly participated in the Volunteer Army. According to incomplete statistics, there were at least 250 members.Almost all the larger volunteer armies in various places have party members working in them.Among them, Wang Delin's National Salvation Army, which was active in Dongman and Jidong (roughly equivalent to today's Mudanjiang area in Heilongjiang Province, which belonged to Jilin Province at that time), had the largest number of people, the strongest force, and the most effective activities.For example, Li Yanlu was appointed as the chief of staff by Wang Delin, and Zhou Baozhong was appointed as the chief of staff.Later, the 4th and 5th Armies of the Anti-Union Army were the foundation laid at this time and developed after the failure of the Volunteer Army. Tong Changrong, Yang Lin, Zhao Shangzhi, Feng Zhongyun and others were sent to various places to lead, organize and develop the Communist Party's anti-Japanese armed forces.They mobilized the masses, seized weapons, and created more than a dozen guerrilla groups from scratch.Like the Panshi guerrillas and Hailong guerrillas in southern Manchuria, the Yanji guerrillas, Helong guerrillas, Hunchun guerrillas, and Wangqing guerrillas in Eastern Manchuria, the Bayan guerrillas in northern Manchuria, the Zhuhe (now Shangzhi) guerrillas, Tang The original guerrillas, Jidong's Muling guerrillas, Ning'an guerrillas, etc. - will be described in detail later. On the second day of the "September 18th" Incident, the "Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China Manchuria Manchuria Declaration for the Armed Occupation of Manchuria by the Japanese Imperialists" was published. After the text of less than 1,000 words, there were 19 slogans. The fifth and eleventh slogans were: " Don't pay rent, don't pay back debts, don't pay taxes, go to the landlord's house to distribute food!" "Don't surrender, don't disarm, take guns to the countryside to carry out the agrarian revolution!" The Agrarian Revolutionary War has been going on for 4 years, and I am used to shouting such slogans, did they come out smoothly? On September 22, the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Concerning the Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism" stated: Now the proletariat and the toiling masses of the whole country have a great historical task: this task is to defend the Soviet Union with armed forces, oppose the imperialist robber war, oppose the Japanese policy of massacre in the colonies, and use the power of revolutionary struggle to eliminate the reactionary forces in the arms of imperialism. The Kuomintang government, which flatters and begs for mercy, implements the anti-imperialist agrarian revolution in order to completely liberate the national and proletarian working masses. In December of the same year, in the "Report of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Tuan Manchuria Provincial Committee to Communicate the Central Committee's Resolution on the Manchuria Incident", there is a passage like this: After the Japanese imperialists occupied South Manchuria, the broad masses of the anti-Japanese patriotic movement inspired by their patriotic sentiments did not specify how to lead them, how to use the patriotic enthusiasm of the masses and their dissatisfaction with the Kuomintang to lead them on the right path. The anti-imperialist movement and the anti-Kuomintang struggle went up.Comrade Baodu, Secretary of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, also held the view that we communists do not engage in patriotic movements at the beginning. What is even more ridiculous is the Secretary of the Party’s Northern Manchurian Special Committee. Parting?" Little did they know that this sentence ruined many mass movements in northern Manchuria (which were later overcome)! "Communists don't do patriotic movements", this sentence is not only difficult to understand today, it is simply incredible. At that time, it was said that Communist Party members had two motherlands.As a human being, you are Chinese, and China is your "national motherland".The Soviet Union is the only socialist country in the world and the stronghold of the working class. As a member of the Communist Party and a member of the working class, the Soviet Union is your "workers' motherland" or "class motherland".Between the "class motherland" and the "national fatherland", communists must first and even unconditionally obey and serve the interests of the "class motherland".As for the "national motherland", because it is under the rule of the Kuomintang, which represents the interests of the landlord and capitalist classes, it cannot be loved. Instead, it is necessary to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and establish a "class motherland" that represents the interests of the working people. In 1930, the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee implemented Li Lisan's line and blindly organized armed riots without the subjective and objective conditions, which caused great losses to the party's strength. After the "September 18th" incident, the situation was completely different. Class relations underwent major changes, and ethnic conflicts rose to become the main contradiction. Some people still believed that armed resistance and guerrilla warfare were "Li Lisan's line." It was against this background that Luo Dengxian began to change the policy and line of the Northeast Party. He believed that in the Northeast after the "September 18th Incident", whether it was Ma Zhanshan's Northeast Army in the Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War, Jilin Li Du's Self-Defense Army, and Wang Delin's National Salvation Army, all attacked the Japanese invaders.The Manchurian Communists must proceed from the current reality and formulate policies and strategies to unite patriots from all classes and strata and the broad masses in order to shoulder their historical mission. At the end of 1931, at the enlarged meeting of the Provincial Party Committee, Luo Dengxian pointed out that the central task of the party in the Northeast is to lead the people to resist the Japanese invaders in a war of national self-defense.The meeting made deployments for the creation of anti-Japanese guerrilla groups and the conduct of guerrilla warfare. In January 1932, under the chairmanship of Luo Dengxian, the Provincial Party Committee formulated the programmatic document "Guerrilla Warfare by the Armed People to Resist Japan and Save the Nation", pointing out that the party should support, assist and unite all other non-party anti-Japanese armed forces to jointly resist the Japanese Empire doctrine of aggression. On March 31, in the "Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China Accepts the Central Committee's Resolution on the Shanghai Incident to Party Headquarters at All Levels", it stated: Large-scale organization of the Volunteer Army, using the current anti-Japanese war in various places to mobilize the broad masses to establish an organization of the Volunteer Army, the party should actively lead to participate in this war, especially in the Middle East, Songhua River, Liaoxi, Andong, and Jilin The localities must organize guerrilla units with volunteer troops, develop guerrilla warfare in the enemy's rear (Fengtian, Harbin, Dongman, Raohe, etc.), attack the enemy's food and transportation, and disarm the enemy (such as small troops, plainclothes teams, detective running dogs, etc.) , Use various methods to seize weapons and arm yourself.Oppose the passivity of the provincial party committee on this work in the past or the idea that the workers will not actively lead the masses and organize the Volunteer Army if they lose their arms and become bandits (Fengtian), and should mobilize the Volunteer Army to the front to fight with the soldiers Be with the current Volunteer Army and the Anti-Japanese Army, unite and win them over to the revolutionary side. On the previous February 6, the last sentence of the "Fourth Declaration of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Manchuria Incident" was a slogan: "Long live the victory of the National Revolutionary War!" This is tantamount to making it clear that the ongoing war in the Northeast is a national revolutionary war, not and cannot be an agrarian revolutionary war. Although the idea of ​​a united front has not yet been clearly stated, the central task of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee headed by Luo Dengxian is to carry out armed resistance and unite all patriotic forces that can be united to carry out a national war. After Luo Dengxian took office as the secretary of the provincial party committee, he transferred the provincial party committee from Fengtian to Harbin, where the Japanese forces were still relatively weak. A tall and thin young man from the south, spent the first severe winter in the ice city, and went to various regions to guide the work from time to time.In Fengtian, there were several times when he was almost arrested.The appearance and accent of the more typical southerners, in the black land of sorghum rice and Dazi accent, brought him a lot of inconvenience is obvious.However, with years of experience in underground work and natural agility, he can always avoid the enemy's suspicion. Inspections, research, meetings, drafting documents, reports, and sometimes engraving in person.Those who can be sent have been sent, how many people are left in the provincial party committee? After the Spring Festival in 1932, Luo Dengxian and Zhao Shangzhi wanted to instigate a mutiny in a puppet police force in Harbin, and printed propaganda materials at Feng Zhongyun's home.At that time, many work of the provincial party committee was carried out in Feng Zhongyun's house.After Luo Dengxian finished writing, Feng Zhongyun stood guard at the window, Zhao Shangzhi and Feng Zhongyun's wife Xue Wen printed with a lithography machine, and Luo Dengxian ran around the room to cover up the sound of the machine.If anyone is alarmed, just say running to warm up, it's cold in the room. Alert, calm, never in a hurry, but fast-paced and efficient.Someone from below reports work, sometimes he is writing a document, let the person sit down, just talk, and listen while writing.Sometimes after the document was written and the person finished reporting, he began to give instructions.People say "one mind can't do two things", but he can, and he has such abilities. When Luo Dengxian was working day and night for the War of Resistance, an irresistible countercurrent from within the party attacked him and the Northeast Communists. On June 24, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of secretaries of the provincial party committees of the five northern provinces (Manchuria, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, and Shaanxi) in the French Concession in Shanghai, known in history as the "Northern Conference."Bo Gu, the interim head of the Central Committee, and Kang Sheng, Minister of Organization, attended and presided over the meeting. It was the peak period of the Volunteer Army Movement, and Luo Dengxian couldn't get away. He Chengxiang, the organization minister of the Provincial Party Committee, introduced at the meeting the work policy, achievements and existing problems of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee since the "September 18th" Incident.He believed that under the circumstances of Japanese imperialism’s occupation of the Northeast, the policy and tasks of the party in the Northeast determined at this meeting should be different from those in the customs and the southern Soviet areas.The representative of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee also talked about the fact that the revolutionary form in the north lagged behind that in the south. The author has no information to indicate whether Bo Gu and Kang Sheng had already discovered the "problem" of the Manchurian Provincial Committee, or they suddenly felt that the problem was serious after hearing He Chengxiang's speech, but they did act immediately. He Chengxiang's speech was criticized as "the theory of the backwardness of the north" and "the theory of Manchurian specialism", and was severely criticized.The Manchurian Provincial Party Committee headed by Luo Dengxian broke away from the Communist International and the Central Committee, did not actively carry out the struggle to support the Soviet Union and create a Manchurian Soviet, did not oppose all counter-revolutionary factions in the anti-Japanese, and did not carry out the agrarian revolution. On "rightist line. The meeting emphasized that the main task of the five northern provinces is still to carry out the agrarian revolution, establish Soviets and the Red Army, and defend the Soviet Union with armed forces: After Manchuria was devastated and ravaged, and after the bloodbath in Shanghai, the Japanese imperialist army was marching towards the border of the Soviet Union. The task of organizing the Communist Party organizations in the northern provinces to defend the Soviet Union... The implementation of this task is inseparable from launching the national revolutionary war, organizing the struggle of the workers, peasants and toiling masses, and establishing new Soviet base areas in the north. The meeting decided to revoke Luo Dengxian's post as Secretary of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, transfer him from the Northeast, and assign him another job. In mid-July, the reorganized Manchuria Provincial Party Committee held an enlarged meeting in Harbin to criticize the "Manchurian Special Theory", completely negate the work of the former Provincial Party Committee, and implement the spirit of the "Northern Conference": The unquestionable task of creating the Manchurian Soviet and the Red Army was put before the party and became the central task that the Manchurian party should immediately implement.Moreover, this situation is most conducive to the development of the party's work, but because of the Right opportunist leadership of the Manchuria Provincial Committee, the development of the party's work has been hindered, and the party's work has suffered great losses and fell far behind. After the objective situation, it became the tail of the masses... not even the tail. The task of developing guerrilla warfare and carrying out the agrarian revolution is only written in the leaflets, without actual work arrangements, and even the most central task has been forgotten in the instructions sent to Panshi recently. This is an unacceptable mistake, which is completely wrong. Passive sabotage in creating a new Soviet area in Manchuria. Supporting the Soviet Union is currently the number one task. Leading the anti-Japanese national revolutionary war independently is the most important task of supporting the Soviet Union, supporting the Red Army, opposing imperialism (especially Japan), and establishing a new Soviet area in Manchuria. This task must be closely linked with the task of carrying out the agrarian revolution. Rise up and open up a new Soviet area in Manchuria. On the first anniversary of the "September 18th" Incident, "A Letter from the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to Intensify the Work of the Volunteer Army" stated: We must carry out extensive propaganda work among the volunteer army, the anti-Japanese army, the anti-Japanese army, and the anti-Japanese armed masses to publicize and explain to the masses that Wang Jingwei, Chen Jitang, Zhang Xueliang, Chiang Kai-shek, etc. of the various factions and departments of the Kuomintang are all imperialists. They are the leaders of non-resistance. They only betray the nation and insult the nation. They are the scavengers of the imperialists who want to carve up China. They are all "traitors".The "anti-Japanese" actions of all the Kuomintang heroes, landlords, gentry, bureaucrats, warlords, and teachers (referring to the mages of the Big Sword Society, the Red Spear Society, and the Yellow Spear Society-the author) are for the elimination of anti-Japanese , rather than really going against Japan.And all counter-revolutionary factions are "anti-Japanese", they are to maintain the rule of the landlords and bourgeoisie, and they also want to eliminate anti-Japanese.Only the Soviets and the Red Army are the only forces and leaders of anti-imperialism. A single Japanese invader would be difficult to deal with, and now all the Chinese, except the toiling masses, have also become enemies. In ancient and modern China and abroad, there is no one who is afraid of having many friends, but here it is just the opposite. The anti-Japanese line of the lone family who drove fish for the deep and sparrows for the bushes. In Waichagou, Yushu Township, Ji'an County, Jilin Province, there lived a rich man named Hou Fucai, who was in his early fifties, with a middle-upper height, and a few shallow pockmarks on his face.This person is afraid of smashing his head when the leaves fall, but he is shrewd and can calculate.He has three wives, the first wife can't bear children, the second wife has a son and can't get pregnant again, and the third wife is in his twenties.His son is naturally his darling, but he has very different interests from him. He likes to make friends with heroes from all walks of life, and has no intention of having a son to follow his father's career. After the "September 18th" incident, when his son participated in the Dasao Club led by Wang Dongshan, "Hericium erinaceus" was furious, saying that his mother was a fool, and you are not counting as a prodigal, but you still have to take your life? At the end of March 1932, the Wukai River of the Yalu River (a river in the north freezes in winter, and the ice surface melts in spring, that is, Kaijiang. There are two types of Kaijiang, "Wenkai" and "Wukai". The ice slides into the water; "Wu Kai" uses the wind to break the ice, and the ice collides quickly.——Editor's note), the ice row collides and piles up on the river surface, clacking and rumbling for half a month, and just merged into a Jiang Chunshui, the Japanese army came in boats.Volunteer troops were everywhere, and the Japanese invaders were overwhelmed, and the Japanese troops stationed in North Korea also crossed the river to "suppress bandits."The local people regarded the Japanese as "ghosts" and believed that the filth could exorcise ghosts, so they poured feces and women's menstrual blood into the river.The big knife club who drank amulets and chanted mantras slapped the big blade on the chest loudly, saying that you are nonsense, and it depends on the old men.After fighting for three days and three nights, the Japanese army continued to increase its troops, and the sword society could not stand it. Master Wang Dongshan ordered the river to be closed.There were many forest farms (called "Muying" and "Mubang" at that time) by the river, and the logs were piled up like hills, and they were let down into the river, and the rafts were criss-crossed on the river.Devils can't get through, and those who come over can't go back.Volunteer soldiers were numerous, and when they saw a small number of devils swarmed up and wiped them out, they surrounded them and took care of them slowly. The house of "Hericium erinaceus" was not far from the river, and a squadron of devils ran into the Hou's compound and used the high-walled compound to resist.Nowadays, in the city and the countryside, villas and luxury cars are the hallmarks of rich people. At that time, they were high-walled courtyards, which were called "big courtyards" in the words of the older generation.The blue brick walls are as high as two people, the gatehouse, the main room, the east and west wing rooms, and some of the four corners have gun towers for raising gunners.Poor families in the countryside usually have to put up a barrier to prevent wild animals from scurrying in and harming people and animals.The main function of this courtyard cover is to prevent beards. "Hericium erinaceus" was so frightened that he peed his pants, forced himself to nod and bowed at the devil.The devil asked him to cook, so he took the firewood to boil water to wash the rice, and also donated the salted bacon pickled by slaughtered pigs, the pickled mackerel and salmon that he usually couldn't bear to eat.He went in and out in a hurry, his face was soaked with sweat, and he didn't even seem to care much about the bullets whizzing by his ears. More than half a century later, no one can tell why this miser who risked his life and money was so generous to the devil.It was agreed that he only wanted to keep his family business, lest it be destroyed by the flames of war. It is said that the villagers who fled to the nearby mountains at that time saw him kneeling on the "Sauron Pole" in the center of the yard (the Manchu custom, each yard is erected with a tall wooden pole, like today's TV antenna pole, and put delicious Put things into baskets and hang them up, feed the eagles, offer sacrifices to the heavens, bow to the sky, and kowtow. Fighting from dawn to dusk, at least until the sound of gunfire faded away.In the middle of the night, the devil fell asleep on and off the kang, and "Hericium erinaceus" didn't feel sleepy at all. He didn't know what was waiting for him tomorrow.Suddenly, the East Wing sounded like howling ghosts and howling wolves. "Hericium erinaceus" ran in, and several devils were pressing his little wife on the kang to pick up clothes. No one can tell the plot and details of the "Hericium erinaceus" burning the Hou's compound after returning to silence. Anyway, it is the turn of the devils to cry and howl.These beasts from Japan fought wars when they crossed the river. They didn't have a good rest for a few days, and they slept like dead pigs at that moment.Some people say that even the sentry fell asleep on the door frame, or was confused by the "Hericium erinaceus" with wine.The next day, the villagers found several burned and deformed Mobil gasoline barrels in the ruins where only the frame of the house and a circle of courtyard walls remained.Inside the collapsed gate building, there is a pile of ashes still smoking, apparently "Hericium erinaceus" piled up firewood there."Hericium erinaceus", who has no military knowledge at all, still calculates very accurately and thoughtfully.The courtyard wall was about ten feet high, and the devil, who was so smoky that he looked like a kitchen prince, was dizzy, how could he climb up it in a short while?There were more than 120 people, only about 50 of them ran out. In the fire soaring into the sky, someone saw "Hericium erinaceus" holding his little wife, standing under Sauron's pole and shouting wildly. The person who told me this story said that "Hericium erinaceus" is too calculating, even relatives and friends are calculating, human nature is very bad, no matter how rich people are, they look down on him.The first and second wives also thought he was too picky, so they moved out without a divorce.This time home was ruined and people died, they all came back, and the villagers all came to help with the funeral, and the flower-headed coffin that everyone pooled money to buy was buried under the Sauron pole.Everyone said that this person was a man in the end, and it was worth it in this life. Before the devil broke into the Hou's compound, "Hericium erinaceus" hated and feared Huzi the most, because Huzi loved to rob rich people like him.In his eyes, the poorly disciplined Broadsword Club that his son who died in the War of Resistance later joined was similar to a beard, and he hated it.Before the devils crossed the river, neither he nor the locals had seen the Japanese devils.If it hadn't been for the little wife being ruined, there would probably be no trouble that night, and maybe it would be lucky that it was a devil who broke in instead of Beard.But what next? Not long after the establishment of "Manchukuo", it announced that only the Japanese had the right to log in the 30 kilometers of forest along the Yalu River. "Hericium erinaceus" is also in the timber business, and his wooden camp is nearby. How is this different from the robbery in the dark and windy night of the bearded moon?Even so, it is hard to imagine that he will be like the rich men who will be written later in the Tulongshan riot, or like more Chinese who have no direct conflict of interest with the aggressors for a while, just because you occupied us I'm going to beat you up in the three northeastern provinces.He will continue to manage his land and business, and figure out how to expand his property and family business, and he doesn't want his only son to go to war with the Japanese, but he will definitely have an anti-Japanese team like the Daohui in his heart. Before the "September 18th" Incident, many people who seemed to have never thought that they were Chinese, and that this country called the "Republic of China" had nothing to do with them, faced the Japanese invaders, and immediately became Chinese. The Japanese have come, and the power and prestige of warlords and bureaucrats are gone. Will they welcome the invaders?Some landlords went to cities where Japanese soldiers were stationed, not to be traitors, but to avoid beards because they were afraid of them.Many old people said that in the countryside at that time, whoever said something nice to the Japanese intentionally or unintentionally would be beaten to death on the spot. The Northeast Anti-Japanese War after the "September 18th" Incident was for the whole people. Wang Dongshan is the apprentice of Liang Xifu, Liang Xifu is a well-known leader of the Broadsword Society and the altar protector in the area of ​​Dongbian Dao (Dao is the name of the administrative division, and the area under the jurisdiction of Dongbian Dao is more than 20 counties, that is, most of the southeast Jilin Province and Liaodong today). It is also the commander of the 11th Route of the Liaoning People's Self-Defense Army with Tang Juwu as the commander-in-chief.Hundreds of thousands of self-defense troops have no military pay, and food and clothing are problems.Tang Juwu took the lead in destroying his family to relieve difficulties, and his subordinates followed suit.Li Du, commander-in-chief of the Jilin Self-Defense Forces, donated his savings and the flour company as military funds.Wherever the Volunteer Army went, landlords and business gentry donated food and money to support the War of Resistance. Liang Shengde, a gentry in Heilongjiang Province, once served as the speaker of the provincial parliament, and is very popular in Heilongjiang. When "Manchukuo" was established, the Japanese and puppets repeatedly threatened and lured him to serve as a high-ranking official, but he refused to resign and ordered his son Liang Zhenduo to join the Volunteer Army.Liang Zhenduo was appointed by Ma Zhanshan as the commander of the Hailun District of the National Salvation Volunteer Army, and he led his troops to repeatedly hit the enemy. In May 1932, the Japanese and puppet troops attacked Xinbin County, Liaoning, and the People's Self-Defense Forces wanted to use the Catholic Church to stop the enemy.The female believer Liu Guizhen blocked the door, saying that war cannot save mankind, and that it is the devil who you fight and kill.Later, out of "the love of God", some wounded were taken in and treated.The city was broken, and the enemy hunted down and beat up the believers for the crime of "bandit gangsterism".Zhang Yaodong, the false county magistrate, led people to search the church, released wolf dogs, and killed more than a dozen wounded in the basement.Liu Guizhen led some male and female believers out of the city to find the Self-Defense Forces and set up a "God's Defense Company".Company commander Liu Guizhen led all the officers and soldiers who were Catholics to swear: In order to expel the devil, we are willing to go to hell with the devil! Later, Tang Juwu sent a banner to the "God's Defense Company" and wrote a letter to "China's Defense Company". As long as he resists Japan, Tang Juwu wants everyone, including Beard. Wang Delin, the commander-in-chief of the Chinese National Salvation Army who was so powerful in Dongman and Jidong, a national hero with a reckless background, said the truth: I don't care about the Communist Party or the Kuomintang, as long as I fight the Japanese, I will be good. Luo Dengxian wouldn't say this, but that's what he did, otherwise there wouldn't be so many Communists in the Volunteer Army. Bao Jinghua, the commander of the 9th Route of the Liaoning People's Self-Defense Army, was a big landlord. He was originally an executive member of the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee of the Kuomintang. Because he joined the reorganization faction and was the leader, he was dismissed and returned to his hometown Liuhe County to run a school. After the "September 18th" incident, he followed Tang Juwu and raised the flag to resist Japan. Bao Jinghua had a good impression of the 9th Route Army with more than 20 Communist Party members.When I met Liu Damu, Secretary of the Qingyuan County Party Committee, the two chatted speculatively.Liu Damu said: In the past, our brothers fought, but now that the Japanese are here, the two brothers have to fight the Japanese together.Bao Jinghua nodded repeatedly, saying that the Communist Party has insight.He also said: In the future, the Japanese will be defeated and the Communist Party will take over the world. Can you make me a free citizen?Liu Damu said: Don't you want to do more for the country? After the Northern Conference, let's not talk about the "free people" in the future, but now Bao Jinghua will not be able to do it.Inspectors of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee went to Hailong to inspect work and ordered the "commander of the Kuomintang" to be brought down. In the author's hometown, there is a famous bearded head named Huang Xishan, known as "Huang Si Lazy King", who is said to be a descendant of Huang Tianba.The Huang family has been bearded professionals for several generations, and girls and daughter-in-laws are better at playing with guns than doing needlework.For some reason, Huang Xishan and Deng Tiemei are feuds. In 1914, the Deng family was burned and killed by the Huang family twice in a row, including Deng Tiemei's father, and six members of the Deng family died tragically.However, after the "September 18th" incident, the national crisis came to the fore. Under the cooperation of Deng Tiemei's uncle Deng Jidao, Deng Tiemei and Huang Xishan, the enemies who killed their fathers and blood feuds, joined hands to resist Japan under the banner of national righteousness. "Brothers fight against the wall, and defend against their insults." My grandparents and peasants who can't read big characters like them must have never heard of this saying, and they don't understand what it means.However, what Liu Damu and Bao Jinghua said about "the two brothers are fighting, now that the Japanese are here, the two brothers have to fight the Japanese as a group", they must understand it as soon as they hear it, and they will understand it even if they don't. I just can't figure it out: Do people like Bo Gu and Kang Sheng not even understand such a simple truth? In southern China, it was impossible for the Communist Party to fight a war of resistance, because the Kuomintang wanted to "settle down".这是没有办法的事，由不得共产党。 东北已经沦为日本的殖民地，无论饥寒交迫的无产者，还是衣食无忧、多么饱暖的有产阶级，都不能不受到日本侵略者的欺压，都成了亡国奴——难道这还不特殊吗？特殊情况不就得特殊对待吗？ 东北人民没有经过1925年至1927年大革命的洗礼，缺乏建立苏维埃的经验，对共产党的了解也很少。比之南方，像其他北方各省一样，东北就是落后的。“九一八”事变后，无论满洲省委发表多少宣言、声明，其声音和影响力都是微弱的，因为你力量就那么大。博古、康生也不是不认这个账，可他们好像嫌一个日本帝国主义还不够，还要把朋友变成敌人，把“反日战争和土地革命密切联系起来”。 今天没见过地主的人也说“地主”，那时叫“大户”、“大粮户”、“种粮大户”。在笔者家乡，一些人还管有钱人叫“大肚（音du）子”，管土改斗地主叫“斗'大肚子'”。无论城里的各种雇工，还是乡下扛活的长短工，对雇主都叫“东家”、“财东家”。农民也不叫自己“农民”，而称“庄稼人”。你说地主剥削、压迫农民，有人会举例说明有的大户也挺好。就是不怎么样的，俺给他干活，他给俺工钱，不也挺公道吗？更多的人会认命，说人家有钱，那是命好，祖坟风水好，俺就是这扛大活的命。你说他没有阶级觉悟，那“阶级”还没弄明白呢，这“觉悟”又是怎么回事儿？几辈子就这么活下来的。就算你能把道理掰扯得一清二楚，那又得拐多大弯、费多大劲呀？王德林、唐聚五、郑桂林等人，何以竖起旗帜就能聚拢几万、十几万人马？不就是“反日”两个字吗？“打日本子入队”，“受日贼及走狗气，必须入队抗日才能得好”，“不愿受日本气”。这是1943年《东北抗日联军部分队员调查表》里“政治认识”栏中的文字，那工夫没有比反日再简单、再得人心的了。而当许多有气节的地主和各种有身份的有产阶级出粮出钱支援抗战，或者亲自组织队伍抗击日寇时，你再打土豪，分田地，剥夺他们的财产，把他们弄得家破人亡，这叫什么事儿？是在帮谁的忙？ 1933年11月24日，《何成湘关于最近满洲工作的报告》中说：“凡是用反日的名义，几乎在任何义勇军，甚至所谓'胡子'中活动都不受阻碍。” 凡是经历过这个历史时期的抗联老人，都说那时你讲“反日”，没有不赞成的，可一提“革命”、“苏维埃”，就没嗑唠了，甚至立刻反目成仇，不抓你杀你就不错了。 “谁是我们的敌人？谁是我们的朋友？这个问题是革命的首要问题。中国过去一切革命斗争成效甚小，其基本原因就是不能团结真正的朋友，以攻击真正的敌人。革命党是群众的向导，在革命中未有革命党领错路而革命不失败的。” 有抗联老人说：回顾这段历史，没有比毛主席的这段话再切中要害的了。 1929年4月13日，中央苏维埃政府内务部长谢觉哉，在东北巡视了3个月后，在给“祥生兄”写的《满洲省委目前工作状况》中说：“满洲需要一个有本事的指导者，首先做点斩除荆棘的垦荒工作，经过相当时日，不难有很好的成绩出来。” 古今中外，领袖的作用都是巨大的。中国出了个毛泽东，共产党领导的革命就少走许多弯路，就有了1949年的中华人民共和国。就东北来说，自“九一八”事变，到从1939年冬开始，抗日联军不得不陆续退入苏联境内，原因多多，一直未能形成一个足以号令东北党和军队的领袖人物，不能不算其中之一。 可“九一八”事变那时的东北，共产党人恰好有了自己难得的领袖。临危受命的罗登贤，一个从名字到事迹都令今人感到陌生的南国青年，以与其年龄不相称的英明、果敢、成熟和远见卓识，证明他是当之无愧的。 从奉系军阀到日本侵略者，一直处心积虑地要除掉像罗登贤这样的人物。这次，是临时中央的错误路线，轻而易举地做了敌人想做而没做到的事情。 被撤职调离东北的罗登贤，1933年3月28日，在中华全国总工会上海执行局书记任上被叛徒出卖。在狱中受尽酷刑，坚贞不屈，5个月后被秘密杀害。 没人知道，曾誓言不驱逐日寇绝不离开东北的罗登贤，在不得不离开这片苦难深重的黑土地时，会是一种什么心境。相信读者在阅读本书时，会和笔者一样不时发出这样的感叹：如果罗登贤还活着（如果不被调离东北，他就可能活着），还在东北，还是满洲省委书记，东北的抗战之路会顺溜、坦荡多少啊！ 他的思想，曾闪电般照亮东北的抗战道路。当历史的进程终于不得不从歧途恢复到它原本的路线时，鲜血、生命的代价，共产党人已经付出得太多太多了。而这种代价，在某种意义上，黑土地上的共产党人是付不起的。因为共产党的力量太弱小了，面对的敌人太强大了，自然环境太恶劣、严酷、苛刻了，几乎不允许犯下任何较大的错误。 这是一个凶险的开头！ 战略上的严重失误，使共产党的东北抗战陷入极大的危机和孤立，于是这原本就多灾多难的征程就越发得多灾多难。