Chapter 42 Appendix II About "Quanzhen Sect"

Taoism began with the "Taiping Tao" and "Five Buckets of Rice" in the Han Dynasty.Taoism in the pre-Qin period was a philosophical school, and it did not become a religion until the Han Dynasty.During the Six Dynasties, there were "Qianjun Dao" (that is, Taiping Dao), "Tianshi Dao" (that is, Wudou Rice Dao), "Royal Dao" and so on.After the Song and Jin Dynasties, the Lianyang School was divided into the Southern School and the Northern School; the Fulu Science School was divided into "Dragon and Tiger" (that is, Tianshi Tao, also known as Zhengyijiao), Hezao, and Maoshan School.

The Taoist Lianyang School pays attention to the art of cultivating immortality and longevity, and the alchemy it refines is divided into outer alchemy and inner alchemy.Waidan is Huangbaishu, which evolved into alchemy and became the predecessor of chemistry, which is the same between China and foreign countries.Neidan is Qi refining, which is transformed into Neigong and Neijia Boxing, as well as the study of acupuncture, meridians and acupoints in medicine, and finally evolved into Fangzhongshu. The ability boasted by the end of Taoism is the ideal of secular life. It can not only have infinite wealth, live forever, have strong sexual ability, but also summon immortals and demons, summon souls and catch ghosts. Therefore, the emperor who has the highest secular power is also very interested.At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong was particularly fascinated by Taoism, and ordered the leaders of Taoism to canonize him as the "Emperor of Taoism".

After the Jin soldiers occupied northern China, the people in the north were displaced and oppressed. Three new Taoist sects emerged in Shaanxi, Shandong, and Hebei. The common people are implicitly confronting the rulers of other races, among which the Quanzhen sect is the most powerful. Quanzhen Sect does not practice talismans and talismans, but seeks to benefit others by suffering oneself, so it is greatly respected by the people.Quanzhen sect belongs to the northern sect of Taoism.The Yuan Dynasty Yu Ji "Taoyuan Xuegulu" said: "In the past, the Bian Song Dynasty was about to perish, but the theory of Taoists was illusory and prosperous. There were heroes who pretended to be crazy and cynical, and their aspirations survived. It’s just seeking to return to the truth, which is called the complete truth. Scholars who know the opportunity of chaos often follow it. What can't be endured, practice what people can't keep, so as to achieve the Tao, there are quite a few words in the world."

The founder of Quanzhen Sect is Wang Zhe. (The word "Zhe" is also written with three "Ji" characters overlapped, and the sound and meaning of the two characters are the same as the word "Zhe".) Regarding his life, there is a large monument in Zhongyang Palace in Zhongnan Mountain, on which Liu Zuqian wrote. "Chongyang Immortal Records", which said: "Shi Xianyang, surnamed Wang, surnamed Zhe, character Zhiming, Chongyang's name. Beautiful beard, eyes longer than mouth, tall and strong, arrogant and chivalrous, less reading, It is a student, and it is also named Wuxuan. At the beginning of Tianjuan, it was in Caixiong Township...Later, it was dug in Nanshi Village as a tunnel, sealed several feet high, and the list said: "Tomb of the Living Dead"....Ding Haixia, Dading, Burning his residence, people rushed to save him, the master danced by the fire, and sang to express his intentions. Gudan marched eastward, far away to Ninghai, and met Ma Yu at Yilaoting for the first time. Ma Yiru, a hero among the stream, and his family grandchildren The family held the ceremony of disciples. Seven people, including Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, and Hao Datong, were named Ma Danyang, Tan Yue Changzhen, Liu Changsheng, Qiu Changchun, Wang Yuyang, Hao Yueguang Ning and Sun said that Qingjing Sanren... If he falls into a dream, throws an umbrella and throws a crown, or disappears, it is all about his power and wisdom, and it is not the original teaching of the teacher. A scholar who wants to hear the Dao, does not have to indulge in the skills of the square."

Jin Yuanzhu, the Duke of Jinmi, wrote the "Quanzhen Ancestor Monument", which said: "Mr. has a beautiful beard, big eyes, and a height of more than six feet. The poor... There is Tan Yu who is dying of a strong wind and disease. He begs to be his disciple. The husband gives him the remaining water for washing his face. There is a man named Qiu Ge in Qixia County, Dengzhou, whose parents died when he was young. He has never read books. The teachers gathered together, and the masters scolded and beat Chu to sharpen them, and they often dispersed. The one who got the master's way was Ma Tanqiu. In March of the eighth year, he dug a hole in Kunlun Mountain and used it for quarrying on the mountain. Unexpectedly, a huge boulder flew down. , everyone is terrified, Mr. Zhenwei yelled, and the stone stood still. The woodcutters in the mountains cheered and saluted, and admired his miraculous changes from far and near. Or they were eating tiles and stones, or two of them were sitting in the nunnery.... 9 In April of Jichou, Mr. Zhou Botong of Ninghai invited Mr. to live in a nunnery. The list was called Jinlian Hall. At night, there was a divine light shining like day. People thought it was a fire. When they got close, they saw Mr. walking in the light....To Dengzhou, You Penglai Your Excellency Looking at the sea, there was a sudden hurricane, and people saw Mr. blowing into the sea with the wind. When they were surprised, they jumped out again, only the hairpin crown was lost. When they moved, they saw the water waves coming out. Or if Mr. Yan has a good eye, it will show Those with sick eyes, or those who boast that Mr. has no omissions, will be listed in front of the state government office. Those who are mutated and unpredictable by people are all like this.... On the way to Ninghai, Mr. threw an oil umbrella in the air, and the umbrella was carried by the wind. From the beginning, when King Chashan was in a nunnery, the umbrella began to fall, and it had been more than two hundred miles to the place where it was thrown. ... Saying farewell to everyone: "I will return!" Everyone begged to stay and sing. The gentleman said: "I am in Chang'an A letter was written on the wall of Lu Taoist Lu Taoist's nunnery in Luan Village. "He died on his left forearm. Everyone cried out in mourning. The master got up again and said, "Why are you crying?" Dawei Village, the mountains and rivers are gentle and beautiful, and it is full of strange people. Young hair is beautiful, long but not gregarious, and it is good at talking and laughing, and it is better than gentlemen. It is also good at riding and shooting. Surveying disasters and chaos, ambitions and desires. Civil and military advances, the sky will not be with me..."

The inscription narrates many strange deeds of Wang Chongyang, so of course it cannot be fully believed. He scolded Feiyan, chewed tiles and stones, fell into the sea without drowning, and flew with an umbrella, etc. Maybe he showed some martial arts, and the rumors exaggerated it.People say that he has profound internal energy and doesn't need to defecate. He immediately defecates in front of the government office, and his style is very humorous. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Youshan, Dongguan, Guangdong, wrote eight volumes of "The Origin of Changchun Taoism". It was textual research that Wang Chongyang once raised troops to fight against the Jin soldiers. The correcting crowd fought against the Jin soldiers. The stele inscriptions in the Jin Dynasty were afraid and did not dare to speak out."

The Seven Sons of Quanzhen are all well-known in the world, and their deeds have been handed down in inscriptions or books.There are many inscriptions and books, and the important books include "Tongjian of True Immortals in the Past", "Chronology of Qizhen", "Inner Biography of Zhongnanshan Zuting Xianzhen", "Ganshuixianyuanlu", "Jinlian Authentic Records", "The Legend of the Golden Lotus Authentic Immortal Origin" and so on. The king of Yuan used the "Wuwei Zhenren Ma Zongshi Daoxing Monument": "Ma Shiyu, named Xuanbao, named Danyangzi...from Ninghaizhou, Shandong...After Zhongyuan, the ancestor of Chongyang made his seat, and gave it melon, that is, ate it from the stalk. Inquiring about the reason, he said: "Sweetness comes from suffering." Asked: "Xi Zi?" He said: "Zhongnan. It's not far away three thousand miles, and I'm here to help drunk people."... So he was convinced and taught him. The patriarch inspired him It's not one, the teacher realized... the head is divided into three buns, and those with three buns have three "auspicious" characters, which is taboo by the ancestors. In the autumn of the fourteenth year, I made a wish with three friends in Qindu Town. The teacher said: "Fight against poverty." Tan Said: "Dou is." Liu said: "Fighting will." Qiu said: "Dou Xian." The master said: "The way of husband and wife is based on innocence, forgetting words for use, weakness as the foundation, and purity as the foundation. Diet and diet, absolutely Contemplate, sit quietly to adjust breath, sleep peacefully to nourish qi. If the heart is not restless, the nature will be stable, the body will be refined if the body is not tired, and the spirit will be formed if the spirit is not disturbed. Makes sense.'”

Jin Miguogong cast the "Inscription on the Immortal Tracks of Tan Zhenzhen": "Tan Gong Chuduan, the character is Tongzheng, the name is Changzhenzi, the first name is Yu, Ninghai Prefecture, and his father is the worker of the shackles. Every time he uses his own money to help the poor. ...to hold disciple ceremony, Chongyang envoys to stay in the nunnery. During the severe winter snow, I borrowed seaweed to sleep, and Chongyang stretched my feet to hug it. After a while, sweat covered my body, like covering my body in a cooking pot, and at dawn with leftover water After washing his face, he recovered from his illness for more than a month, so he respected the service with all his heart." Wang Chongyang stretched out his feet and asked Tan Chuduan to hug him, and Tan felt feverish all over his body, it was Wang Chongyang who used his internal energy to heal his illness, and there may be medicine in the toilet water After washing the face for more than a month and recovering from the wind disease, this statement is more credible than the simple narration in the "Quanzhen Ancestor Monument".

Jin Qinzhi'an's "Changsheng Zhenren Liu Zongshi's Dao Xing Monument": "Mr. Liu is in Xuan, his characters are Tongmiao, and his name is Changshengzi. He is a military officer in Donglai... Cheng'an Dingsi, Zhang Zongzhao asked the essentials of Taoism. Mr. said: 'If you have few appetites, you will be safe, and if you are thin, you will be prosperous.'” "Yuan History Qiu Chuji Biography": "Qiu Chuji, a native of Qixia, Dengzhou, called himself Changchunzi... During the Jin and Song Dynasties, envoys were sent to call, but they did not go. At the age of Jimao, Taizu himself was a man who ordered his close minister Cheboer Liu Zhonglu to hold the edict Seeking... The opportunity is to go to see Yan with eight out of ten disciples... After passing through dozens of countries, the land spans more than ten thousand miles... Seeing that, Taizu was very happy, gave food, and set up tents. Taizu At that time, the west was marching, and the Japanese were attacking the war. Every time he said: "Those who want to conquer the world, they must care about not being addicted to killing people." When asked about the rule of law, it is based on respecting the sky and loving the people. Asking about the way of longevity and long-term vision, it is pure heart Fewer desires are important. Taizu deeply agrees with his words, saying: "Heaven bestows immortals to understand my aspirations." He ordered the left and right to write about it, and to train all the sons. So the tiger talisman on the tin was accompanied by the seal book, and he did not reprimand him. The name, but it is called "the gods"... At that time, the soldiers of the country trampled on the Central Plains, and the north and the south of Henan were especially prosperous. The slaves can be restored to good, and those who die and be reborn, don’t worry about 20,000 to 30,000 people, the people of Zhongzhou still praise it.”

Yuan Yaosui's "Inscription on the Way of Master Wang Zongshi": "Yuyang Tixuan Guangdu Zhenren Wang Chuyi, a native of Dongmou in Ninghai... tastes the big ravine, stands on one foot, the eyes of the viewer stand on end, and the tongue can't be put down. It is called "Iron Foot Immortal". It has lived in the cave for nine years, and it has refined its shape and soul. Changchun eulogizes poems, and there is a saying of "nine summers welcome the sun and stand, and three winters embrace snow and sleep". Stealing gravel...or thinking it is good and illusory to slander the people, because it can be poisonous to drink. When the real person goes out, the disciples are ordered to dig a pond and fill it with water, scratch it and make it muddy, and then drink it from the cup, saying: "I am poor, I have never tasted it." I took it from a beggar. Fortunately, I saw a trick today. May the remaining cup of beggars be used to make you happy.' With him, I drank it all again, returned, and undressed in the bathing pool. For a while, the water in the pool boiled dry, so I didn’t die.... Or slander him Good delusion, Shizong tried it and poisoned it, seeing that it can't be killed, remorse and anger, and chasing those who slander."

Yuan Xuyan's "Moral Monument of Master Hao": "Hao Master Datong, whose name is Taigu, and whose name is Guangningzi, is a native of Ninghai... he studied Yiyi, because of the art of mastering yin and yang laws and calendars, he was not happy to be an official, and Mu Sima Jizhu , Yan Junping is a human being, and he uses divination to obscure himself... He abandoned his family and worshiped Chongyang in Yanxia Cave, seeking to be a disciple. "Cheng' means to spread the Dharma." "Continued Documents Tongkao": "Guangning sits under the Zhaozhou Bridge, children's play piled up stones as a pagoda on the top, and told them not to break, but the head is not on the side, and the river overflows. If you don't move, you won't get hurt." According to "Continued Literature General Research" and "Dengzhou Fuzhi": "Sun Xiangu is the only one, named Qingjing Sanren, a young daughter of Zhongxian in Ninghai County... The father married Ma Danyang and gave birth to three sons. Danyang abandoned his family and followed the Tao, Chongyang The patriarch painted a skeleton to persuade him, and drew a axis of heaven to show it. The third son of Guqi went to the Golden Lotus Hall to pray for salvation. Chongyang presented him with a poem, changed his name, and gave him the essence of Taoism." Qiu Chuji went to the Western Regions to see the deeds of Genghis Khan, and his disciple Li Zhichang wrote a book "Journey to the West of Changchun Real Man" (annotated by Wang Guowei), which details the journey and what he saw during the journey. "Changchun Real Man's Journey to the West" contains a long poem by Qiu Chuji during his travels: "On the east bank of Jinshan Mountain and west of Yinshan Mountain, there are thousands of rocks and ravines forming a deep stream. The rocks beside the stream lie on the road, and road wheels are not allowed in ancient and modern times. The second prince Junxing ( That is to say, Chahetai), to cultivate Taoism and build bridges to cut through the stream. This year, my Taoism wants to go westward, and the horses and horses will pass through here again. Connected with the Tianhe River. The towering pines are as straight as a pen, and the forest is more than a hundred feet long. Thousands of trees are leaning against each other in the gloomy sky, not a single bird sings and the sky is silent. Bump, how panicked before and after a hundred riders. The sea of ​​Tianchi is on the top of the mountain, and the hundred-mile mirror is empty. Upright and precipitous, plus magical skills. When I came here in August and September, halfway up the mountain was already covered with snow. The grass and trees in front of the mountain were as bright as spring, and the quilt behind the mountain was as cold as iron." Qiu Chuji, Li Zhichang and his party saw Genghis Khan's massacre after he broke through the cities of Khwarazmo on the way west. There is a saying in "Changchun Zhenren's Journey to the West": "Fang Suanduan (that is, the Sudan, the king of Islam) is not defeated, and the city often More than 100,000 households came from the collapse of the country, and one out of four survived." The modern historian Xinhui Mr. Chen Yuan wrote "Hebei New Taoism in the Early Southern Song Dynasty" which highly respected Quanzhenism. The book said: "Since Yongjia, Hebei has been reduced to Zuojin many times, but the soldiers can use Xia to change Yi, The distance must be restored, but the territory of China is expanding and expanding, and the people are growing more and more numerous. Why? This is the result of the hard work of the ancestors for thousands of years. It is not fortunate. The actions of the three ancestors are also The performance of the ancestors is very good." In the postscript, it is also said: "...the so-called Taoists are all remnants of resistance to integrity, how can they be ignored as Taoism...The reason why everyone is worthy of praise is not only negative On the one hand, there is the practice of not being willing to serve the enemy, and on the positive side, there is the practice of helping people and things, which is similar to the escape from Zen by the adherents of the Ming Dynasty." According to Mr. Chen Yuan's textual research, Quanzhen Sect has served as the head teacher successively. After Wang Zhe, they were Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Yin Zhiping, Li Zhichang, Zhang Zhijing, Wang Zhitan, Qi Zhicheng, Zhang Zhixian, Miao Daoyi, Sun Deyu, and Landao Yuan, Sun Ludao, Miao Daoyi (second succession), Wanyan Deming.Among them, Tan Chuduan was the leader of the sect, and Yin Zhiping lived to be eighty-three years old. The two books "Shooting the Condors" and "Shen Condor" stated that they died early, which is not based on historical facts. The Seven Masters of Quanzhen and the subsequent patriarchs may not be able to know martial arts. They practice Qi and internal skills, mainly for fitness and disease. Yelu Chucai, who appears in the book, is a close minister of Genghis Khan (the Chinese translation of the word "Mongolia" is said to have been created by Yelu Chucai). .However, Yelu Chucai believed in Buddhism, and was very dissatisfied with Qiu Chuji's preferential treatment from Genghis Khan (he ordered Qiu Chuji to manage monks and nuns all over the world, exempting Taoist priests from taxes and duties, but monks were not exempted), and attacked Qiu Chuji in his book "Journey to the West".Today's Mr. Yao Congwu wrote a special article "Yelü Chucai's Journey to the West Recorded by the School Notes". After detailed analysis, he believed that Yelu Chucai's attacks were based on religious prejudice and could not be established. "The Complete Biography of Liexian" is a book of Taoist legends and stories published in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The biography of immortals in China is the earliest with the two-volume "Biography of Liexian" written by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty, and Tao Hongjing, Ge Hong, Sun Yizhong, Du Guangting, Shen Fen and others compiled successively.The largest tome is "Zong Xian Ji" written by Yue Shi in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 130 volumes. It is believed that all the legendary immortals are included, but it has been lost. The nine volumes of "The Complete Biography of the Immortals" narrate the stories of five hundred and eighty-one immortals, starting from Laozi, Mugong, and Queen Mother of the West, and continuing to the Chenghua and Hongzhi years of the Ming Dynasty.Many of them are not immortals, but Taoist priests who can perform illusions or receive the title of emperor.It is the richest book of its kind in existence. This book is claimed to be edited by Wang Shizhen and has a preface by Li Panlong, but most of it was falsely entrusted by Wang Yunpeng, who published the book.Wang Yunpeng is the owner of the "Wanhuxuan" bookstore in Huizhou. He has published many books and opera books with exquisite illustrations. The pictures of Wang Zhe, Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Qiu Chuji, Hao Datong and Wang Chuyi included in the fourth episode of "Shooting the Condors" are all from this book. There are also stories about Liu Chuxuan and Sun Buer in "The Complete Biography of Lie Xian", but there are no pictures. The stories of the six leaders of Quanzhen Sect depicted in the six pictures all emphasize the magical power of gods and monsters. In the picture, Wang Chongyang is holding an iron can in his hand, because he once carried the iron can to beg for food.He has many unconventional behaviors. Ordinary people think he is a lunatic and call him "Wang Zaifeng".On the day of Ma Yu's death, he said to his disciples, "I'm very happy today." Soon after hearing music in the air, I looked up and saw fairy girls passing by on clouds, fairy boys and jade girls, hugging the guide before and after, and said to Ma Yu, "We are here. Go to Peng Island first and wait for you." Ma Yu died that night in the strong wind and thunder.Tan Chuduan wrote the word "turtle and snake" in Gaotang County and sent it to Wu Liu, the owner of the teahouse. Wu hung it in the teahouse. Later, a fire broke out in the neighbors, and the fire spread widely. Only Wu Liu's teahouse was not affected.There was a dead locust tree in the Yanxiang Hall, Qiu Chuji circled it with his stick and struck it, shouting: "The locust tree is back to life!" The locust tree is still flourishing.Hao Datong's picture depicts the story of his small masonry pagoda on the side of Zhaozhou Bridge.Wang Chuyi's picture depicts the story of Wang Chongyang flying an umbrella for two hundred miles and passing on the book. The Huang Shang mentioned in the book is really a real person.Mr. Chen Guofu's "Taoism of the Origin and Development of Taoism" by Mr. Chen Guofu is quite detailed.In the third year of Zhenghe, Huizong issued an edict to the world to visit and seek the Taoist fairy scriptures, and they obtained a lot.In the fifth year of Zhenghe, an economic bureau was set up, ordered by Taoist priests to make a correction, and sent to Min County, Fuzhou, where Huang Chang, the county guard, worked to carve the boards.The published Taoist collection is called "Zhenghe Wanshou Taoist Collection", with a total of 540 letters and 5481 volumes. Huang Chang, courtesy name Shengzhong, known as Mr. Yanshan, was born in Yanping, Fujian, and died in the third year of Emperor Gaozong Jianyan at the age of eighty-seven. "Mr. Yanshan's Shinto Monument" said that he: "I am quite engaged in the art of prolonging life and health. Reading the books of Taoism, I often understand it deeply, and use it for daily use." Huang Chang was very famous for publishing Taoist scriptures, and later Mingjiao published scriptures and borrowed his name.Lu You's "Weinan Anthology Volume 5: Articles and Statements": "Mingjiao apocryphal scriptures, as for engraving and dissemination. Under the pretense of political and political officials Cheng Ruoqing is the collation, and Fuzhou magistrate Huang Chang is the supervisor."