Chapter 22 Notre Dame de Paris (2) Volume 3 Notre Dame de Paris (7)

Fifty years later, with the rise of the Renaissance, this strict but rich unity of Paris is mixed with gorgeous style, which makes people dazzled, such as all kinds of ingenious new patterns, various systems, and various styles. Romanesque semi-circular vaults, Greek columns, Gothic oblate domes, very delicate and deliberately refined carvings, special love for arabesques and polka leaf decorations, the pagan atmosphere of Luther's modern architectural art , and so on.In this way, Paris may be more beautiful and colorful, although it looks and thinks less harmoniously.However, this glorious time did not last long.The Renaissance is not selfless, it must not only be built, but also broken.It needs territory, that's true.Therefore, in the Paris of Gothic art style, the complete time is only a moment.The demolition of the ancient Louvre began almost before completion of the Church of St. James the Slaughterhouse.

Since then, the appearance of this great city has become increasingly disfigured.The Romanesque Paris disappeared under the inundation of the Gothic Paris, and in the end the Gothic Paris itself disappeared.Who can say what kind of Paris it would be in its place?At the Tuileries, that was the Paris of Catherine de Medicis; at the Hôtel de Ville, that was the Paris of Henri II; The Paris of the World, ① "We see with pain and indignation the plans to enlarge, renovate, renovate, that is to say, destroy this impressive palace. Architects nowadays have clumsy hands." , it is impossible to touch these exquisite masterpieces of the Renaissance. We have always expected them not to take the liberty to do so. Besides, the demolition of the Tuileries may now be more than an act of brutality, even a Vandal drunk would blush, but an act of treachery. The Tuileries Palace is not only a treasure of art in the sixteenth century, but also a page in the history of the nineteenth century. The palace no longer belongs to the king, it belongs to People. Let us keep it forever as it is today! Our revolution has stamped its brow. On its two facades, one survived the shells of the 10th of August, the other the 2nd of July. The bombardment of the nineteenth. It is holy.—Paris, April 7, 1831" (original note to Hugo's fifth edition)

The French bourgeois revolution in 1789 destroyed the feudal autocracy and replaced it with a constitutional monarchy.However, the compromise between the king and the revolution was tenuous.King Louis XVI refused to abolish the privileges of the nobility, rejected the Declaration of Human Rights, and was half-hearted about the constitutional monarchy. In addition, the nobles who emigrated abroad conspired to plan counter-revolutionary activities, and the battle against Austria in April 1792 failed miserably. On August 10, 2002, the people of Paris, under the leadership of the bourgeois radicals, captured the Tuileries Palace.Louis XVI fled in panic, but was captured and guillotined in January 1793.

In 1830, Charles X issued four edicts: canceling the results of the election on July 3, 1830: holding a re-election of electors; revising the electoral law (reducing the number of electors); canceling all freedom of the press.So the three-day uprising broke out in Paris on July 27th, 28th, and 29th, known as the "three glorious days" in history, and ended the rule of Charles X.The rebels captured the Tuileries Palace on July 29.However, the fruits of the July Revolution were usurped by the big bourgeoisie. They colluded with the nobles and established the Bourbon branch of the July Dynasty.

The Tuileries Palace no longer exists today. It was partially burned during the Paris Commune uprising in 1871 and demolished in 1882.Now only the Tuileries Garden remains, which has become one of the tourist attractions in Paris. ②Henry II (1519-1559): King of France (1547-1559). ③ Henry IV (1553-1610): King of France (1589-1610).The palace has brick fronts, stone corners, slate roofs, and many houses are tricolor; in the Sainte-Grace, the Paris of Louis XIII, it is a low, flat building. Architecture, with its vaults like basket handles, its columns like bellies, its domes like hunchbacks, is impossible to describe; in the Invalides, it is the Paris of Louis XIV, magnificent, magnificent, golden, but And frost-cold; at the Abbey of Saint-Sulpice, Louis XV's Paris, cartouches, ribbons tied, cloudy clouds, vermilion-like ears, radicchio leaves, all carved in stone; at the Panthéon, It was the Paris of Louis XVI, a poor copy of St. Peter's in Rome (the whole building was huddled in a stupid heap, which could not remedy its lines); Poor style, just like the Colosseum in Rome and the Parthenon in Greece, as if the Constitution of the Third Year of the Republic imitated the Minoan ⑤ Code, and the architectural art is called the Saturn ⑥ style; in the Place Vendome, it is Napoleon's Paris , this Paris is majestic and majestic, with a huge copper column cast by cannons; in the Exchange Square, it is the Paris of the Restoration period, the snow-white columns support the smooth frieze of the column top plate, the overall shape is square, and the cost is 20 million .

①Louis XIII: See the note to the first chapter of this volume. ②Louis XIV: See the note to the first chapter of this volume. ③Louis XV (1710-1774): King of France (1715-1774). ④Louis XVI (1754-1793): King of France (1774-1791). ⑤ Minos: The king of Knossos in ancient Greece, around the sixteenth to fifteenth centuries BC.According to legend, Minos was the enlightener of Crete, the just monarch, and the philosopher of legislation. ⑥ Harvest Moon: Also translated as Harvest Month, the tenth month of the French Republican calendar, which is equivalent to June 19 (or 20) to July 20 (or 20) in the Gregorian calendar.

Due to the similar style, style and momentum, a certain number of houses are closely related to each of the above-mentioned unique historical sites.These folk houses are scattered in different blocks, but experts can distinguish them at a glance and determine their age. As long as you are good at identifying them, even with a knock on the door, you can find the spirit of a certain era and a certain age. The face of a king. Paris today, therefore, is not a general picture but a collection of samples collected over the centuries, the essence of which has long since disappeared.Nowadays, the capital is blindly expanding houses, but what kind of houses are those!Judging from the current pace of development in Paris, it would have to be renewed every fifty years.As a result, the most historic architectural art in Paris is disappearing every day, and the historical monuments are decreasing day by day, as if watching these monuments drown in the ocean of houses and gradually being swallowed up.Our ancestors built a Paris of stone, and our descendants will become a Paris of plaster.

As for the modern buildings of the new Paris, we have deliberately left them out.This is not because we are unwilling to appreciate it properly.The Church of St. Gereviève, built by M. Souflot, is without a doubt the most beautiful cake ever made of stone in Savoy.The Legion of Honor officer is also a very elegant dessert.The dome of the Wheatmarket is a British jockey's cap on a gigantic scale.The towers of St. Sulpice Monastery are two clarinets, and the style is plain; the telegraph antennas on the roof of the two towers are crooked and undulating, as if they are constantly making faces, which is really cute!The magnificence of the porch of St. Rosi Church is only comparable to the porch of St. Thomas Aquinas ① Church; ① Thomas Aquinas (1227-1274): Italian theologian and scholastic philosopher.Its doctrine was identified as the official philosophy of the Church of Rome, and its philosophical system was called "Thomism".It also has a crucifix in the round and a gilded wooden sun in a cellar, both marvelous things.The maze lights in the botanical garden are also ingenious.As for the Exchange Building, the colonnade is in Greek style, the semicircular arches of the doors and windows are in Roman style, and the large oblate vaults are in Renaissance style. It is indisputable that this is an extremely standardized and pure magnificent building.The proof is: the top of the building is topped by an Attica ① penthouse, which has never been seen in Athens. The beautiful straight lines are cut here and there by chimney pipes, very elegant!It must be added that for any building, its architectural art must be seamlessly combined with its use, so that people can see the use of the building at a glance. The House of Commons, the Town Hall, the Academy, the Riding Ground, the Academy of Sciences, the Storehouses, the Court of Justice, the Museum, the Barracks, the Mausoleum, the Monastery, the Theatre, are all beyond awe-inspiring.Wait a minute, this is an exchange.In addition, any building should also adapt to the climatic conditions.Apparently the Bourse was purposely built for our cold and rainy weather, with an almost flat roof, like those in the Near East, which was done so that it would be easier to clean the roof when it snowed in winter, not to mention that a roof is meant to be Made for easy cleaning.As for the use mentioned above, it is really the best use; in France it is a stock exchange, if it is in Greece, why not use it as a temple!It is true that the architect took great pains to cover up the face of the big clock, otherwise the pure and beautiful lines of the roof would be destroyed.However, on the contrary, a colonnade was built around the whole building, under which the stockbrokers and house brokers could hold grand discourses on important religious festivals.

①Attica: In terms of architectural art, the top floor is smaller than the bottom floors.Attic culture refers to Athenian culture. Undoubtedly, all of the above are magnificent buildings of incomparable splendor. In addition, there are many beautiful streets with a variety of styles and full of life, such as the Rivoli Street.I can say with full confidence that if you look down on Paris from a balloon, one day it will show rich lines, colorful details, and a myriad of faces. Chess-like surprise trick. However, however impressive Paris may seem to you today, restore it in your mind to what it was in the fifteenth century and build it up again; look through the spiers, round towers and bell towers that seem to be a wonderful hedge look at the pools of green and yellow waters of the Seine, shimmering and grotesquer than snakeskin, take up the Seine and pour it into the middle of this vast and boundless city, and make the Seine One Su Lian is torn to the cape of the island, and then folded at the arch of the bridge; then, with the background of the blue sky, you can clearly outline the silhouette of this ancient Paris Gothic style, and let its outline float in the sky that is entwined with countless chimneys. In the winter mist; you immerse this ancient Paris in the deep night, and watch the strange game of light and shadow in the sombre labyrinth of buildings; you throw a moonlight, and the labyrinth looms, the towers Then out of the mist protruded your gigantic head; or else you reproduced the black silhouette, resurrected with shadows the countless pointed corners of the steeple and gable, and made the black silhouette appear on the copper-colored sky at sunset, the other The toothed edge is like a shark's jaw. —— Then, you can compare.

If you want to get a certain impression of the ancient city that modern Paris cannot give you, you may as well climb on a certain festival morning, when the sun rises on Easter or Whitsunday. From a high place, you can overlook the entire capital city and experience the scene of the morning bell ringing in person.At the signal from the sky, because it is the signal from the sun, you will see thousands of churches tremble in unison.First there is the scattered jingling from church to church, as if the musicians were telling each other that the performance was about to begin; and then, suddenly, you see—for it seems the ear sometimes has sight—that every bell tower rises at the same time The pillar of sound, the smoke of harmony.At first, each bell trembled, pure and almost isolated, rising straight up into the bright morning sky.Afterwards, the bells gradually expanded, fused, blended, blended with each other, and merged into a majestic and magnificent concerto.In the end, it became only a vibrating whole of sound, continuously sending out loud music from countless bell towers; To outer space.

① Easter: Christianity commemorates the festival of "Jesus Resurrection". The first Sunday after the spring equinox and full moon is Easter.Pentecost is the seventh Sunday after Easter. However, this ocean of harmony is not all chaos; no matter how vast and deep it is, it is still clear and transparent.You can find each group of notes quietly escaping from the chorus of bells, rising and falling alone; you can hear the sometimes low and sometimes harsh chorus of wooden bells and giant bells; you can also see the octave jumping up and down from one bell tower to another. , you can also see the octave of the silver bell fluttering into the air, soft and melodious, and the octave of the wooden bell falling to the ground, broken and limping; The rich scales of the great bell rose and fell; and the octaves could be seen galloping through the crisp and rapid notes, which twisted into three or four bright curves and then disappeared like lightning.Over there, the bells of St. Martin's Abbey are shrill and hoarse; here, the Bastille, with dark and violent bells;The solemn carillon of the royal palace relentlessly threw bright trills from all sides, and the low and slightly intermittent bells of the bell tower of Notre-Dame fell evenly on this trill, like hammers striking an anvil, and sparks flew everywhere.From time to time, you can also see the triple bells of the Saint-Gerles-des-Prés church flying, and the music of various shapes passing by.Then, from time to time, this majestic combination of voices gave way to the dense and corresponding fugue of the Hail Mary, which roared like stars.Beneath this concerto, in its deepest depths, one can faintly discern the singing of the various churches, seeping through every quivering pore of the vault. — Indeed, this is an opera worth listening to.Usually, the noise emanating from Paris is the talking of the city during the day, the breathing of the city at night, and the singing of the city at this time.Therefore, please listen to the bell tower orchestra, and imagine the whispers of half a million people diffused over the whole sound, the endless lament of the Seine, the endless sigh of the wind, The distant and muffled quartet of the four great forests on the hills beyond the horizon like the wooden shells of a gigantic organ; as in a middle-toned painting, you remove all that is too hoarse and too shrill in the central carillon; then, Tell me, what sound in the world is richer, more joyful, more golden, more dazzling than this chime of bells, than this melting pot of music, than these many ② The stone flute of ② is emitting all kinds of sonorous music at the same time, which is better than this city that has become only one orchestra, better than this stormy symphony! ① refers to the total population of Paris at that time. ② refers to the ancient ruler, each ruler is 325 millimeters.