Chapter 18 Notre Dame de Paris (2) Volume 3 Notre Dame de Paris (3)

2 A bird's-eye view of Paris Notre-Dame de Paris, the amazing church, which we have tried to restore as much as possible for the audience, briefly pointed out the many beauties of this church in the fifteenth century, which happen to be rare today. arrived.However, we have omitted the most beautiful point, that is, the unobstructed view of Paris from the top of the bell tower of Notre Dame. The solid wall of the bell tower is thick, and a spiral staircase is cut vertically. As long as you climb up the dark staircase, after a long groping, you will suddenly come to one of the two high platforms, where the sun is shining and the breeze is blowing. , a panoramic view of the picturesque scenery stretching out in all directions at the same time.Such a spectacle is meant to be self-generated ①, and if our judges are lucky enough to visit a complete, comprehensive, and uniform Gothic city, such as Nuremberg in Bavaria, Victoria in Spain, or even smaller, but As long as there are well-preserved samples, such as Vitre in Brittany and Neuhausen in Prussia, you can imagine it.

① The original text is Latin. The Paris of three hundred and fifty years ago, the Paris of the fifteenth century, was already a metropolis.We Parisians generally have the wrong idea about the progress that has been made since then.In fact, since Louis XI, Paris has not expanded by more than a third, and its beauty loss far outweighs its gain in scope. As we all know, Paris was born on the ancient island of the Old City, which is shaped like a cradle. The river beach of this small island is the earliest city outline of Paris, and the Seine is its earliest moat.In the following centuries, Paris was still an island, with two bridges, one from the south and one from the north, and two bridgeheads, both gates and fortresses.Later, from the reign of the first ① kings, because the river island was too narrow and there was no room for maneuver, Paris crossed the Seine.So, beyond the great château and beyond the little château, the first ramparts and towers began to invade the fields on both sides of the Seine. ① The first generation of kings refers to the successive kings of the Merovingian dynasty, from Clovis I (about 466-511) to Pepin the dwarf (714-768).There are still some relics of this ancient city wall until the last century, and today only memories are left. However, here and there, things handed down from the past can be found here and there, such as the Bodai Gate, also known as the Bodoyer Gate, namely Porta Bagauda.Gradually, houses spread outward like a torrent from the center of the city, overflowing, eroding, damaging and engulfing the wall.In order to resist this torrent, Philippe-Augustus built a new dike and erected a circle of tall and solid towers to imprison Paris like a chain.For more than a century later, the densely packed houses squeezed each other and piled up in this basin, rising like water in a reservoir, and thus began to develop to high altitudes, building on top of each other, layer upon layer, like a liquid flow under pressure, Keep spraying upwards, scrambling to see who has the ability to stretch their heads higher than others, and take a lot of air.The streets got deeper and narrower; any open spaces filled up and disappeared.The houses at last leaped over the walls of Philippe--Augustus, and scattered merrily over the plain, scurrying about like fugitives in disorder.They settled down on the plain, planted gardens in the fields, and began to live comfortably.From 1367 onwards the city expanded to the outskirts so much that it was later necessary to build a wall, especially on the right bank.The wall was built by Charles V.However, a city like Paris is always developing continuously, and only such a city can become a capital.This kind of city is like a big funnel, where all the geographical, political, spiritual, and intellectual streams of a country, and all the natural streams of a nation, all flow here and converge; All commerce, industry, culture, residents, all vitality, all life, and all souls of a nation are continuously filtered and deposited here, century after century, drop by drop.Thus the ramparts of Charles V also suffered the fate of Philip-Augustus' ramparts.As early as the end of the fifteenth century, the walls of the city were crossed and overtaken, and the gates were stretched farther.In the sixteenth century, at first glance, the city wall seems to have receded, and it penetrated deeper into the old city, because a new city outside the city was already impressive.Let us, therefore, take for the moment the fifteenth century, when Paris had already broken through the three concentric circles of walls which, as far back as the time of Julian the Apostate, were, so to speak, the great and the petite châteaux. The embryo of the city wall.The thriving city broke four city hoops one after another, just like a child growing up and tearing the clothes of the previous year.In the time of Louis XI, you can see everywhere in this sea of ​​houses, some collapsed bell towers of the old city walls are exposed, like mountain tops emerging from the water in a flood, or old buildings submerged in the new Paris city. Several islands exposed from the city of Paris.

① Julian (Julianus) (331-363): The Roman emperor (361-363), opposed Christianity and advocated the establishment of paganism, so he was named Julian the apostate. ② Louis XV (1710-1774): King of France (1715-1774). Since then, there have been changes in Paris, but it is not a good thing for us to watch.However, Paris has only crossed one city wall since then, which was built by Louis XV.This wretched wall of mud and rubbish befits the king, and the poet's song: The walls that surround Paris are too much trouble for Paris In the fifteenth century, Paris was still divided into three completely separate and distinct cities, each with its own face, character, customs, habits, privileges and history.This is the old town, the university town, and the new town.The old city is on the river island, the oldest and the smallest. It is the mother of the other two cities. It is sandwiched between them. To make an inappropriate comparison, it is like an old woman sandwiched between two tall beauties.The university city is on the left bank of the Seine, extending from the small tower to the Naleta. These two points are equivalent to the wine market and mint in Paris today.The walls of the university town jutted quite far into the fields where Julian had built his thermal baths.Mont Saint-Gereviève is also included.The central apex of this curved wall is the Pope's Gate, roughly equivalent to the current location of the Pantheon.The New City is the largest of the three blocks of Paris, located on the right bank of the Seine.The embankment along the river, although broken down or interrupted in several sections, still runs down the Seine from the Fort Billy to the Fort Bois, that is to say, from where the present-day Barn of Fonten stands to the Tuileries. location.The Seine River cuts the city's outline into four points. The left bank is the small tower and the Nalet tower, and the right bank is the billy fort and the forest fort. These four points are known as the four towers of Paris.The new town reaches far deeper into the fields than the university town.The apex of the Neustadt city wall (that is, the city wall of Charles V) is at the Porte Saint-Denis and the Porte Saint-Martin. The locations of these two city gates have not changed so far.

① The original poem repeatedly uses the two-syllable derivative of the French word "wall" (Le mur), which contains a teasing meaning. As mentioned above, each of the three major divisions of Paris is a city, but it is too special and incomplete, and none of them can exist independently of the other two.Therefore, the three faces are very different.The old city is full of churches; the new city is full of palaces; the university city is full of schools.Leaving aside the secondary peculiarities of the old city of Paris, and the arbitrary toll, it is only a general point of view and a general view of the confusion of municipal administration. Fu Yin is under the jurisdiction, and the left bank is under the jurisdiction of Xuedong.The prefect of Paris is a royal minister rather than a city official, so he controls everything.The Old Town has Notre-Dame, the New Town has the Louvre and the Town Hall, and the University Town has the Sorbonne.There is also a vegetable market in the new town, the main palace hospital in the old town, and the theology farm in the university town.The student broke the law on the left bank and had to be tried at the Justice Palace on the small island, but he was punished at the Eagle Mountain on the right bank.Unless the director of the school thinks that the school is powerful and the king is weak, and intervenes, it is because it is a privilege for the students to be hanged in the school.