Chapter 60 postscript

/Wen Jieruo After more than 1,500 days of intense struggle, we finally finished the translation.Following the three-volume soft-bound edition in 1994, two-volume hardcover editions followed to meet readers.Our long-cherished wish has finally come true, and we feel infinitely delighted. In addition to the translation, we also put a lot of effort into the annotations.A total of 5991 notes have been added to the eighteen chapters of the book.This is determined by the unique writing method of this book.Many notes are added for the reference of researchers.Although the work is written about what happened within eighteen hours, the content is extremely complex.The author is like a powerful and unconstrained style, floating clouds and flowing water, writing wherever he thinks of, and even casually introducing some characters from his past works.Some chapters in the book are devoted to music (Chapter 11) and others to astronomy (Chapter 17).Many allusions come from the Bible, Homer's epic poem "The Odyssey", Shakespeare's plays, and unseen classics.It is also mixed with a lot of slang and song fragments, and involves more than thirty languages.If you don't add notes one by one, you must read it without thinking.

Let me talk about a special kind of annotation in this book: "echoing annotation".For example, at the end of the third chapter of the first part, Stephen has seen "a three-masted ship . . . sailing back into port."It was eleven o'clock.When the ship is mentioned again in the tenth chapter of the second part, it is pointed out that it "brought bricks from Bridgewater".It was three or four o'clock in the afternoon.At midnight (Part Three, Chapter XVI), Stephen and Bloom met a sailor in the coachman's shed, who said he had "come into port at eleven o'clock in the morning" on the " The three-masted schooner Roswayth from special shipment of bricks".It turns out that the first two mentions in the book are about this ship, and it is to pave the way for the sailors to appear on the scene.We have added a note in Chapters 3, 10, and 16 to point out its continuity.

Another example is the mother of the heroine Molly. In Chapter Eighteen, Molly mentions her mother five times.For the first time, she said that Bloom knew nothing about her mother before she and Bloom got engaged, "otherwise, he wouldn't have gotten me so easily". "So, who is Molly's mother? How could she be a disadvantage to Molly's marriage? The answer comes when Molly mentions her mother for the fourth time. It turns out that she is of Jewish descent: "I guess it's because I chased my mother away." , with the features of a Jewish woman. " Bloom himself was a Hungarian Jew.So Molly had Jewish blood, which was pretty much the same thing to him.But for Molly, in Ireland, where Jewish people are discriminated against, this blood is a disadvantage to her, which is why she married Bloom for the sake.Since Chapter 18 is only divided into eight paragraphs, and the text of the whole chapter has only two periods in total, we add "echoing notes" where Molly thinks of her mother each time, so as to attract readers' attention.It is not until the end of the book that Molly is found to have been abandoned by her mother, Lunita Laredo, when she was a child.

We also added some notes about versions.This is mainly for the reference of researchers in our country.Because Joyce had the habit of changing the proofs, and because the work was first typeset by French workers who did not know English, there were many mistakes.While his friends helped with the corrections, they left some new mysteries, which made the issue of the edition more and more complicated.We initially based ourselves on the 1989 edition of Bodley Hyde Publishers, London, provided by the British Council, in collaboration with Professor Hans-Walter Gabler of the University of Munich, Germany, and Wolfhard Schaeffer. Tup and Claus, as revised by Melchio.But given that Dr. Kidd in the United States has been waging a protracted punctuation war against the Hyde edition since 1985, and hearing that a new edition by W.W. To translate this book again, we have to use the method of translating the 1922 edition of Shakespeare Bookhouse, and refer to the 1933 edition of Odyssey, the 1989 edition of Hyde and the 1990 edition of American Random House, and in the note explained one by one.Here are two examples.

According to Hyde's 1989 edition, in the third chapter, Stephen remembered his uncle Richie's saying "sit down and take a walk".We checked the other four versions, none of which have this sentence.After consulting several Irish friends, I added this sentence in the form of notes (see Note [37] in Chapter 3. Another example is the sentence "I also participated in the Brown Shoulderwear Organization" in Chapter 15. Except for the Hyde edition, there are no other books. The "brown scapular" is used by Catholics as a talisman to maintain chastity, and the person who said this was a prostitute. Only in this way, she was more eager to confess that she had been chaste. So we put This remark was translated into it, but it was marked with [ ] and explained in the note (see note [439] in Chapter 15).

In addition, there are some notes to point out the fallacies or inconsistencies in the original work.For example, there is a sentence in Chapter 17: "If Stephen had continued to live and reached this age in A.D. 3072, Bloom would have been 83,300 years old, and his birth year is supposed to be epoch. 81396 years ago." "To reach this age" refers to "one thousand one hundred and ninety years old" in the previous article.Based on the "Notes on Ulysses" co-edited by Don Gifford and others, we added that "1190 years old" is a mistake of "20, 20 or 30 years old".This note is two hundred characters long, because this figure must be calculated to explain the problem. (See Note [64] in Chapter 16).In Chapter Eighteen, Molly says she was able to see "Morocco, and almost as far as the white Bay of Tangier and the snow-covered Atlas Mountains" across the Strait of Gibraltar.Here, we also add notes based on the "Comments on Ulysses" that although Morocco can be seen with a telescope on a sunny day, the Tangier Bay is covered by a headland, and the Atlas Mountains are simply beyond the horizon. (See Note [271] in Chapter 18).

There are also frequent references to people and events in "Dubliners" and "A Portrait of the Artist in His Youth", which must cause difficulties for readers who have not read the above two books.So we had to add a note. For example, in Chapter 18, Molly mentioned Kathleen Carney twice, thinking that the singing voice of "those little yellow-haired girls" is far worse than her. Kathleen is a character in "Dubliners Mother". She studied at the Conservatory of Music, and her mother, Mrs. Carney, did everything possible to arrange piano recitals for her.

Another example is in the section "You Are Competent!" in Chapter 7, when the editor-in-chief was talking to Stephen, these words suddenly appeared in Stephen's mind: "It can be seen from your face. Come on. From You can also see it in your eyes. You are a lazy, carefree little naughty ghost." Ordinary readers will also feel at a loss after reading this.In fact, Joyce himself was unable to complete his homework because he broke his glasses when he was young, and the dean brutally punished him.This incident left a scar on his soul that he will never forget.He not only described this matter in detail in the first chapter of "Portrait of the Artist in Youth", but also repeated the words of the dean in the seventh chapter.For another example, in Chapter Seventeen, Stephen also recalls how Brother Michael, Simon Dedalus, and Father Bart once lit a fire for him from Bloom kneeling on the ground to light a fire for him.Anyone who has read "Portraits of the Artist in His Youth" will remember which work these passages are from.

There are too many allusions in the book to use the Bible.Ireland was originally a Catholic country, and the author received several years of education in schools run by the Jesuits, and once aspired to become a priest.Although he became disgusted with religion later, traces of Catholicism are everywhere in the book.At the beginning of the first chapter, Buck Mulligan said: "This is the real Christine: body and soul, blood and scars." In order to explain this short eighteen-character sentence, we have to A 250-character note was added to explain its original meaning clearly. The author once revealed to others that he would use Odysseus' hometown Idaja as the title of the sixteenth chapter.Individual passages in this chapter are indeed reminiscent of what happened in "The Odyssey" after returning home.For example, from the arrangement of the two chairs in the room, Bloom imagined how his wife and her lover had a tryst here, and then lit the pine cones.This is a bit like the scene where Odysseus fumes the house with sulfur after killing the gang who proposed to his wife (see note [210] in Chapter 16).

One of the reasons it is called "Book from Heaven" is because the work uses more than 30 foreign languages, inserts some old sayings, slang and words invented by the author, and there are many word games in addition.All such places need to be noted.For the convenience of readers and to reduce the difficulties in typesetting, we always adopt the method of first translating into Chinese and then adding explanations.For original texts other than English, where the original texts are in italics, the translations will all use five imitations to show the difference. After more than half a century of research and controversy by many scholars, there are still many mysteries left.What the black dot at the end of Chapter 16 and the * at the beginning of Chapter 18 refer to, researchers have not yet been able to say for sure.With the further development of the research work on Joyce and He, we hope that there will be more mature translations in China, and we hope that our translation and annotations can play a certain role in attracting new ideas.

During the translation process, we referred to the 1989 edition of "Ulysses Annotated, Notes for James" co-edited by Professor Don Gifford and Robert J. Seidman. Joyce's Ulysses, Don Gifford With Robert J·Seidman, Revised and Expanded Edition, University of California Press, 1998), the more important ones have been indicated in the notes, and I would like to express my sincere thanks. October 1994 Second Edition Revision Postscript After the publication of the full translation of this book, it has received widespread attention from readers, and some enthusiastic friends have also put forward valuable opinions on some translations.We are also grateful to Professor Declan Kiberd of University College Dublin for the 1992 edition of the British "Penguin 20th Century Masterpieces Series" with his long preface and detailed annotations. Revised translation, very helpful.The principles of revision are: (1) If there are very few misunderstood ones, they should be revised; (2) If there are too many text embellishments, they should be deleted. Try to keep Joyce’s unique style of words and sentences, but still insist on trying to be easy to understand .The revised second edition was published first in the spring of 1996, and the revised third edition was published in 1997. In the first paragraph of the third chapter, after obtaining the consent of Comrade Jiang Feng, we revised it with reference to his trial translation published in "Shuwu".In addition, Comrade Huang Mei corrected the translation of the name of the church in the note [107] of the first chapter.Thank you for this. December 1995