Chapter 57 2

We will not think all the participants of the Thousand People Meeting are idiots, but only think that they are some morally depraved liars who will obediently obey if they are arrested tomorrow. Constant lying, like betrayal, became the only safe way to survive.Every tongue movement may be heard, and every facial expression may be observed.Therefore every sentence, if not necessarily a straight lie, must also not contradict a common lie.There is a ready-made set of sentences, a ready-made set of labels, a ready-made set of formulas.Any speech, any article, any book, whether it is academic, political, critical or so-called "literary" - it is impossible to pass without using these main formulas.In the most scientific texts, there must be a place to praise so-and-so's false authority and false invention rights, and to curse so-and-so who told the truth; even the highest level of academic works , and it cannot be published without including some such lies.And what about those noisy mass meetings?And what about those shitty rallies that take place during lunch breaks?Hands must be raised against your own opinion at these meetings; feigned glee at your displeasure (subscription for new bonds, reduction of piece-rates, contribution to a tank column of some sort, Sunday voluntary labor, Or send the children to support the kibbutz), and the deepest indignation at what happened out of reach of eight poles (some intangible atrocity in the West Indies or Paraguay).

Tenno shyly recalled in prison that two weeks before his arrest, he gave a report to the sailors on "Stalin's Constitution-the Most Democratic Constitution in the World".Naturally, there is no truth. ) No one has ever typed a page without lying; no one has walked into a pulpit without lying; no one has stood in front of a microphone without lying. If it ends here, it's fine.And then there's more to it: any conversation with your superiors, any conversation in the cadre section, and generally any conversation with another Soviet person will require you to tell lies -- sometimes glaring, sometimes Looking forward and backward, sometimes nodding in approval.If your idiot interlocutor says to your face that we retreated to the Volga to lure Hitler into the depths, or that the Americans dropped Colorado beetles on our heads - you need to agree!Be sure to agree!Shaking your head instead of nodding will invite you to move to and from the archipelago (we recall the capture of Churpenev, Book I, Chapter 7).

But that's not all: your child is growing up!If they're old enough, you and your wife shouldn't openly say what's on your mind in front of them; you know, they're being educated to learn Pavlik Morozov, and they won't blush To build up this feat.And if your children are young, it is up to you to decide how best to educate them: whether to present them with lies as truth at first (to make life easier for them in the future), and to always tell lies to them thereafter, Or take the risk that they might slip up and donate, and tell them the truth.Therefore, it is necessary to make it clear to them from the beginning that telling the truth will bring death, and you must tell lies when you leave the house, and you can only tell lies, just like father and mother.

Such a choice makes you afraid that you don't even want children. Lies are the basis for long-term stability in life; A?k - a young, intelligent, worldly woman, comes from the capital to teach literature at an academy in a certain provincial town.There are no problems in her file, and she has a brand new PhD certificate.She saw that there was only one party member female student in the class where she taught the main course, so she concluded that the intelligence agent here must be her. (There must be someone in the class to send information, and A?K is sure about this.) She decided to pretend to be close to this party member female student. (By the way, from the strategic point of view of the Archipelago, this was a pure miscalculation. Instead, she should always be given two points, so that any small report by this person will be regarded as revenge.) They both It is often meeting outside the academy, and exchanging photos. (The female student puts A?K's photo in the party ID folder) During the holidays, the two of them corresponded affectionately. A?K tries his best to adapt to the possible evaluations of his party members and students in every class.Four years of this humiliating affectation passed.The female student has graduated, and for A?k, this person is no longer important.This female student came to visit her, and A?K was unabashedly cold to her.The female student got angry, asked to return the photos and letters, and said loudly (the most ridiculous thing is that she is probably not an intelligence officer at all): "If I finish my graduate school, I will never be in this poor country like you are now." The college doesn't want to leave! What a class you teach!--It's all platitudes!"

indeed! A?K has completely ruined a course she was capable of delivering brilliantly by making everything barren, dull, and smooth in order to fit the receptivity of an intelligence officer. As some poet has wisely said; we used to have not a personality cult, but a double-dealing superstition. Of course, there are also different levels: there are forced and self-defensive lies, and there are also the kind of forgetful and passionate lies that writers are best at. ) to write the following famous sentences and a class of lies.She wrote that the era of socialism has changed the face of criminal investigation: According to the investigators, today's investigators cooperate with them voluntarily, and tell everything they need to say about themselves and others. come out.

Lies keep us away from normal society, make us lose the benchmark for measuring things, and make us unable to see a guidepost in the gray fog.Suddenly, you discover from the footnotes in the book that Yakubovich's "In the World of the Forsaken" was published when the author had just finished his hard labor and was preparing to go to the place of exile (although it used a false name).Well, let's compare, compare with us!My belated and timid novel had just miraculously slipped through the gates when the bars were firmly lowered, and the doors and bolts fastened in place.And now not only are things that are happening now not allowed to be written, but even things that happened thirty or fifty years ago are also forbidden to write.Will we still be able to read this in our lifetime?We are doomed to die in the cesspool of lies and deceit.

Furthermore, even if someone offers the opportunity to know the truth, there is a question of whether we free people want to know.Oxman returned from the labor camp in 1948, and was not arrested again, but stayed in Moscow.His friends and acquaintances did not abandon him, they often helped him, but they did not want to hear his memories of the labor camp!Because knowing that -- how are they going to live on in the future? After the war, there was a popular song: "The Noise of the City Can't Be Heard Here".No singer, not even the most ordinary, could finish the song without a round of applause. The "General Administration of Thought and Emotion Management" did not guess the mystery at the beginning.Since it is Russian and non-governmental, it can be broadcast on the radio, and it can also be sung on stage.Then it dawned on them - draw an X quickly.Because the lyrics are about a doomed prisoner, about a pair of lovers who have been separated.After all, the need for repentance is still hidden in people's hearts, and it squirms slightly.People who have told enough lies can at least give this song a few hearty slaps.

9.cruel.Among all the above-mentioned qualities, where is there any place for a benevolent heart?How can you maintain your kindness when you push away the hand of the drowning man asking for help?Once you are stained with blood, you will only become more cruel in the future.Cruelty ("class cruelty") is so celebrated and cultivated that you really don't know where the line between good and bad really lies.Plus kindness is ridiculed, compassion is ridiculed, kindness is ridiculed - at this time you can't hang those people who are drunk with human blood with iron chains. An anonymous woman wrote to me (at Arbat 15) asking me about the "roots of cruelty" peculiar to "certain Soviets".Why is it that the more defenseless the people at their dominion are, the more cruel they are?She gives an example, perhaps far from the most important, but which I shall paraphrase below:

In the winter of 1943-44, under the eaves outside the luggage storage at the Chelyabinsk railway station.The temperature is twenty-five degrees below zero.The snow blown from the outside to the eaves was firmly trampled on the concrete floor.A woman in a padded jacket was sitting in the window of the luggage storage room, and a fat policeman in a cooked sheepskin coat stood across the window.They flirted and teased each other, and talked raptly.Lying on the concrete floor were several people wearing earth-colored single cloth clothes and wrapped in market chips.To use the word "worn" to describe the cloth on their bodies is too prettified.These were young men, weak and swollen, with pustules on their lips.One of them seemed to be running a fever, moaning as he pressed his bare chest against the snow.The woman who told the story went up and asked who they were.It turned out that one of them was released after the labor camp expired, and the other was released due to illness.But the release certificate was written incorrectly, so now the train station will not give them a ticket to go home.They had no strength left to return to the camps - the diarrhea had worn them out.The woman broke each of them a small piece of bread.At this moment, the policeman suddenly interrupted his pleasant conversation, and said to her in a threatening tone: "What's the matter, aunt, did you recognize your relatives? You'd better get out of here quickly. They will die without your help." ’ she thought—they really would have me in there too (right! Why not?).Had to walk away.

How typical of all this—what was going on in her mind, how she walked away—was typical of our society.And that heartless policeman, that heartless woman in a padded jacket, that conductor who refused to give them a ticket, that female nurse who refused to send them to a city hospital, that dazed Liberty who issued a certificate for them in a labor camp. employee. Severe and sinister times have come.No one in our time calls criminals "wretches" as they did in the days of Dostoevsky and Chekhov.If you want to call it, it will probably only be called "stinky meat".In 1938, elementary school students in Magadan threw stones at the procession of female prisoners passing by (Surovtseva recalled).

Have there been so many disgusting and chilling domestic and family disputes in our country before or in other countries?Every reader can tell a lot about this kind of thing, we will only briefly mention In a tube building on Dolomanov Street in Rostov lived a woman named Vera Krasutskaya.Her husband died in prison after being arrested in 1938.Her neighbor Anna Stolliberg knew about it—for eighteen years, from 1938 to 1956, she took pride in holding on to it, often tormenting Crassus with threats. Tskaya; met her in the kitchen and in the hallway and said to her in a hissing voice: "I said you will live if you live. I just say one word and the black crow will come for you." Just It was not until 1956 that Krasutskaya decided to write a letter of indictment to the chief prosecutor.From then on, Stolliberg stopped talking.But they continue to share a unit. After Nikolai Yakovlevich Semyonov of Lyubim was arrested in 1950, his wife took care of their mother-in-law, Maria Ilynichina Shemy, who lived with them that winter. Myonova drove out of the house: "Go away, old witch! Your son is an enemy of the people!" (Six years later her husband returned from a labor camp. She and her grown daughter Nadya put on a Husband in panties rushes to the street. Nadya is especially active in this because she needs to make room for her husband. She throws her panties on her dad's face, shouting "Get out , old bastard.") The mother-in-law went to Yaroslavl to join her childless daughter.Daughter and son-in-law soon became bored with the old woman.The son-in-law Vasily Fedorovich Metelkin, a firefighter, often holds the face of the old lady with two palms on days when he is not on duty, clamping her tightly so that she cannot turn her head, so that she can face her Spit on her face for fun until she spits it dry, trying to get it into her eyes and mouth at the same time.When he became more angry, he took out his genitals and put a talisman on the old woman's face, and said: "Here you! Suck! Die!" His wife explained to the brother who came back from the labor camp: "Wa Fu drink Drunk. Tell me what can I do with this drunk person?" Later, in order to apply for a new unit ("It needs to have a bathroom. We have no place to bathe the old mother! We can't let her old man go outside to the bathhouse Go wash!") Attitudes to old women are only beginning to be acceptable. After getting a unit "on the grounds that there are elderly people", they filled up each room with large and small cabinets, and drove mother into the 35 cm wide gap between the cabinet and the wall, and made her old Lie in it, don't poke your head around.Semyonov was now staying with his son.He took the risk of bringing the old mother into the house without asking his son.The grandson came in, and the grandmother knelt down to him and said, "Wavochka! You're not going to kick me out, are you?" The grandson made a distressed face and said, "Well, you can live here until I get married "The situation of the granddaughter Nadya-Nadezhda Nikolaevna Topnikova can also be discussed here by the way.During this period, she finished her studies at the Department of History and Philology of the Yaroslavl Teachers' College, joined the Party, and became the editor of the Neya city newspaper in Kostroma Province.She was also a poet, defending her actions in verse in 1961 when she was still in Ljubim: Since you want to fight, fight seriously! Is it your own father? !Also want to beat hard! Morality? !It's all nonsense, I don't listen to that! move forward in life, I just need a calm calculation. But the party organization asked her to "normalize" her relationship with her father, so she suddenly started writing letters to him.The overjoyed father returned her a letter of forgiveness, and she immediately took it to the party organization.After they read it, they ticked off her name.From then on, she only sent him a congratulatory letter on the two big festivals of May and November every year. The tragedy involved seven people.This is just a drop in the ocean of our society outside prison. In a more educated family one would not throw an innocent victimized relative in only underwear into the street, but they would be ashamed of him, and they would be troubled by his resentful "false" worldview. can also be listed.It can also be pointed out that there are: 10.Slave mentality.The above-mentioned Babbage stated in his complaint to the Attorney General: "I understand that during the war, our political organs have more important tasks than examining individual cases." And many others. But here we also have to admit: if all this in Stalin's time hadn't happened spontaneously, if he had designed it all for us one by one - he was really a genius. In this fetid and dank world, where only the executioner and the most shameless traitor thrive, while the remaining honest have no courage but drink to soothe their sorrows, the youth with their skins bronzed and their souls mouldy, Every night, a grey-green magic hand reaches out to grab someone by the collar and stuff him into a box.In such a world, millions of women whose husbands, sons, or fathers were deprived of the archipelago wandered in obscurity and blindness.They were more frightened and restless than anyone else.They fear shiny name tags, office doors, telephones ringing, knocking on doors.They fear the postman, the milkmaid and the plumber.Anyone who thinks they are hindering their own interests can drive them out of their homes, workplaces and cities. Sometimes they credulously pinned their hopes on the literal interpretation of the sentence of "deprivation of the right to communicate", thinking that after ten years, he would write a letter.They lined up outside the prison gate.They ran to a place more than a hundred kilometers away, because they heard that there was mail sent to the prison.Sometimes they themselves die before their relatives in prison.Sometimes they are the ones who know the date of death of a loved one from the note "recipient died in hospital" attached to the returned food package.Sometimes, like Olga Chavchavadze, she traveled thousands of miles to Siberia to bring a cup of loess from her hometown to her husband's grave—but no one could point out to her under which soil bag she was buried. The remains of her husband and three others.Sometimes, like Zelma Jugul, he wrote letters to people like Voroshilov who sent them himself.They forgot that Voroshilov's conscience died long before his body died. These women have young children around them, and each child will absolutely need the father to come back after a certain period of time, and it will be too late after this critical period.But dad never comes back. A triangular letter folded from a piece of grid paper torn from a student's exercise book.It was written with alternating red and blue pencils -- the child's hand must have put the pencil down to rest, and then took the other end to write.Childish handwriting with gaps and corners, sometimes a word is written in two parts: "Hello Dad I forgot how to write I'm going to Come back soon after the first winter after school, otherwise we're not good we don't have mom and dad talking about you Why don't you run out of the hospital when you're sick for a while? Oreshka ran out of the hospital wearing only a shirt. Mom will give If you make new pants, I'll give you the belt, anyway, the companions are afraid I only have Oreshka I never hit him and honestly he does too Poor man, there was another time when I got sick and had a fever and wanted to die with my mother. It's because she doesn't want to and I don't want to either. My hands are tired and I don't want to write a kiss. you many times Igorek is six and a half years old I have already learned to write envelopes, and I have already sent them before my mother gets off work. The letter is in the mailbox Manolis Glezos "in a vivid and impassioned speech" told Moscow writers about comrades suffering in Greek prisons. "I understand that what I have said has made your hearts tremble. But I did it consciously. I hope your hearts ache for those who are suffering in prisons... Please stand up for the cause of the Greek patriots Release and shout." Of course, these experienced old foxes shouted loudly!You must know that there are about twenty prisoners suffering in Greece!Perhaps Manolis himself did not understand the shame of his appeal, perhaps because there is no such proverb in Greece: "There is a sad thing in the family, why worry about others." This kind of sculpture can be seen all over our country: a plaster guard leads a police dog struggling forward to bite someone.In Tashkent, at least such a statue stands at the gate of the NKVD school, but in Ryazan it has become a symbol of the whole city: if you enter the city from the direction of Mikhailovo, it is the place where you can The only monument I've seen. And we don't shiver in disgust when we see it.We are used to this image of instigating dogs to bite people, and think it is very natural.It's us that it's going to bite. I have divided the fates of all the prisoners mentioned earlier in this book into fragments, subordinating their stories to the plan of the book—to outline the archipelago.I eschew the biographical approach; it can be too monotonous, and to go on like that would shift the burden of research from the shoulders of the author to the shoulders of the reader. But it is precisely because of this that I feel entitled to write here in full the fate of a few prisoners. 1.Anna Petrovna Skripnikova The only daughter of an ordinary worker in Jinke City, born in 1896.As the history of the party has told us, under the evil tsarist system, all avenues to study were closed to her, and she was doomed to live a half-starved and half-fed slave life.She really encountered all this, but the time was after the revolution.Before the revolution she went to the Liberal Arts High School in Maykop. Anna grew into a big girl with a very big head.A female classmate in middle school drew her a portrait made entirely of circles: her head was round (from all sides), and she had a round forehead and round eyes with a perpetually perplexed expression.The earlobes seem to be little balls that grow into the cheeks.The shoulders are also rounded.The whole person is like a big ball. Anna started thinking prematurely.When she was in the third grade, she asked the teacher to allow her to borrow books by Dobrolyubov and Dostoevsky from the middle school library.The teacher said angrily: "You read this too early!" "Well, if you don't agree, I will go to the city library to borrow it." When she was thirteen years old, she "liberated God" and no longer believed in God.At fifteen he delved into early Christian writings.The sole purpose was to vehemently refute the priest in class, to the applause of the whole class.She had, however, embraced the fortitude of the old Faithists as her highest example.She absorbed this idea: she would rather die than break her spiritual pillar. No one interfered with her claiming the gold medal she deserved.In 1917 (what a good time to study!) she came to Moscow and was admitted to the Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology of the Chaplykin Higher School for Girls.As a gold medalist, she was entitled to a State Duma bursary until the October coup.This department trains teachers of logic and psychology for liberal arts secondary schools.Throughout 1918 she studied psychoanalysis while earning money from private lessons.She's obviously an atheist, but she feels with her whole heart... above the quasi-flaming rose, still, The smoke rises from the living altar of all things. At this time, she had already fallen in love with the poetic philosophy of Giordano Bruno and Tyutchev, and even considered herself an Eastern Catholic for a time.She changed her beliefs avidly, perhaps more often than she changed her clothes (she had few clothes, and she didn't care about them at all).She also thought of herself as a socialist, believing that uprisings and the bloodshed of civil war were inevitable.But she cannot tolerate a policy of terror.Democracy, but no brutality! "Hands can be stained with blood, but not with filth!" At the end of 1918 she had to give up her studies (does the school itself still exist?), and returned to her parents after all the hardships, because there was more to eat.She came to Maykop, where a national education institute for both adults and youth had been established.Anna actually became the acting professor of logic, philosophy and psychology in the college.She is very popular among the students. During this period, the White Army is already facing today.A forty-five-year-old general tried to convince her to escape with him. "Stop putting on airs, General. Run before you're arrested!" In those days, a middle-school history teacher proposed toasting "to the great Red Army" at the faculty's own gathering.Anna refused to toast, she said: "I will never drink this!" The eyes of friends who knew her left-leaning views were wide-eyed. "This is because... despite the eternal stars... there will be more and more executions," she prophesied. She had the feeling that all good men were perishing in this war, and only the drifters survived.She had a premonition that her moment of greatness was coming, but did not yet know... what kind of event it would be. A few days later the Red Army marched into Jinkepu City.A few days later, a city-wide intellectuals conference was held.Losev, Chief of the Special Division of the Fifth Army, took the stage to speak.In a tone (not far from scolding) that sweeps away everything, he denounced "rotten intellectuals": "What? Are you two people? Waiting for me to invite you? Why don't you come yourself?" Furious, he drew the revolver out of its holster and, shaking it, cried, "Your whole culture is rotten! We're going to destroy it and build a new one! Who among you stands in the way, Let's eliminate him!" After speaking, he asked the audience: "Who wants to speak?" The hall was as silent as a tomb.There was no applause, not a hand raised. (The hall was silent -- petrified. But the intimidation hadn't been rehearsed, so people didn't know it was time to clap.) Losev must not have guessed that anyone would dare to speak up.But Anna stood up: "I speak!" "You? Well, climb up, climb up!" And she walked across the hall to the stage.A tall, round-faced woman of twenty-five, with even rosy cheeks, the offspring of generous Russian nature (her bread rations were only an eighth of a pound, but her father had a not bad Her thick sorrel braids could reach her knees. But she was an acting professor and couldn't dress like this, so she coiled it on top of her head, like an extra head. She answered loudly: "We heard your ignorant speech. You called us here, but there was no notice to bury the great Russian culture. We expected to see a cultural transmitter, but instead we saw gravediggers. Instead of saying these things today, you might as well simply scold us! Should we understand that you speak for the Soviet regime?" "Not bad." Losev, who was already in a panic, affirmed proudly. "If the Soviet regime will use bandits like you as its representatives, it will fall!" After Anna finished speaking, there was roaring applause in the hall. (They didn't feel scared when they were together.) Losev was at a loss for words when the meeting was over.People came up to Anna, shook her hand in the crowd, and whispered, "You're done. They're coming for you. But thank you, thank you! We're proud of you, but you... This is the end! What have you done?" Cheka personnel were already waiting at her home. "Comrade teacher! You are so poor - a table, two chairs, a bed, nothing to search. We haven't caught you like this. Your father is a worker, you are so poor, how can you stand in the assets Where did the class go?" The Cheka agency hadn't been established yet, and they took Anna into a room in the special office, where a White Army colonel, Baron Beardlinger, was already imprisoned. (Anna was a witness to his trial and execution. She later told the baron's wife: "He died a glorious death, of which you can be proud!") She was taken into a room for interrogation.This is the room where Losev sleeps and works.He was sitting on the spread out bunk when she came in, in breeches and unbuttoned underwear, tickling his chest.Anna immediately asked the soldiers who escorted her: "Take me back!" Losev retorted, "Okay, I'll wash it right away, and put on the lamb leather gloves for the revolution!" She awaited the death sentence in a state of ecstasy for a week.Skripnikova now recalls that it was the brightest week of her life.If we can understand the exact meaning of this sentence, we can trust her to say this sentence.When you give up all hope of impossible salvation and give yourself unwaveringly to a great cause, this state of mind of bliss comes as your reward in your soul. (Thoughts of liking life and hating death will destroy this state of bliss.) She doesn't know yet that the city's intellectual community is petitioning for her release. (In the late twenties this was probably useless, and by the early thirties no one would dare to do such a thing.) Losev took a conciliatory approach to her interrogation: "How many cities have I taken, and I have never met a madman like you. The city is still under martial law, and the power is in my hands, but you call me a coffin maker of Russian culture! Well, well, We're both mad... take back what you said about bandits and rascals." "No. I still see you that way." "You've been pleading for mercy from morning to night. Since the Soviet regime is on its honeymoon, I have to let you out..." They let her out.Not because they thought her speech was harmless, but because she was a worker's daughter.If it's the doctor's daughter, they won't spare it. This is how Skripnikova's prison journey began. In 1922 she was taken to the Cheka in Krasnodar, where she was held for eight months - "for acquaintance with a suspect".Typhoid fever was prevalent in that prison, and the prisoners were very crowded.The bread ration was one-eighth of a pound (fifty grams!), and it was still made of mixed noodles.She watched as a child beside her was starving to death in the arms of a female prisoner.Therefore, Anna vowed never to have children under such a social system, never to accept the temptation of maternal instinct. She kept that vow, she never had a family in her life, and her fate, her intransigence, offered her time and time again to return to prison. Then a peaceful life seemed to begin.In 1923, Skripnikova applied to work at the Institute of Psychology of Moscow State University. When filling out the questionnaire, she wrote: "I am not a Marxist." The interviewer advised her out of good intentions: "You Are you stupid? How can you fill it in like this? You just write that you are a Marxist, and you can think whatever you like." "But I don't want to deceive the Soviet government. I haven't read Marx at all..." "That's more I have to write like this." "No. I will write like this after I have studied Marxism, and if I can accept this doctrine." So she first went to a school for disabled children as a teacher. In 1925, the husband of a good friend of hers, a Socialist Revolutionary, resisted arrest and absconded.In order to force him to surrender, the State Political Security Bureau took his wife and his wife's friend, Anna, as hostages. (Still taking hostages at the height of the NEP?) She walked into Lubinka's cell the same round-faced, big-headed woman with braids down to her knees. (It was here that she heard the interrogator's persuasion: "This Russian intellectual style is out of date! . . . Just look after yourself! This time she was imprisoned for about a month. In 1927, Anna was arrested for the fourth time for participating in a musical group of teachers and workers that was later dismantled as a lair of free thought.She got five years, having served her sentence at Solovets and the White Pod Canal. For a long time from 1932, the authorities did not touch her.But she seems to be living more cautiously herself.However, after 1948 she was repeatedly fired from her workplace.In 1950, the Institute of Psychology returned her accepted doctoral dissertation ("Dubrolyubov's Concepts of Psychology") to her on the grounds that she had 58 previous convictions in 1927. !In this difficult time for her (she has not worked for more than three years) ... Lisov, a special commissioner of the Ministry of State Security who came from the Central Committee to Vladikavkaz (Look, Losev is here again! Is he still alive? Even the letters Didn't change a lot! Just don't hold their head up openly like the moose--"Ross", but scurry around like the fox--"Leece") Suggesting her to cooperate with them at the cost of giving her a job , allowing her to defend her thesis.She proudly declined.A charge was conveniently concocted against her for having said, eleven years earlier (!) in 1941: -- We are not ready for war (are we?); --Germany sent troops to our borders, and we sent them food (isn't it so?).This time she got ten years and fell into special battalions - first in Dubrovlag in Mordovia, and later in Kamyschlag at the Suslovo station in Kemerovo province. She felt herself facing an impenetrable wall.At this time, she made up her mind to write a letter of appeal to a place, and that was no other place, but... the United Nations! !She issued three copies while Stalin was alive.It's not purely a gimmick - not at all!She literally soothed her ever-turbulent soul by talking to the United Nations inwardly.During the decades of cannibalism, she really didn't see any other light in the world.In these appeals, she denounced the brutality and tyranny in the Soviet Union, and asked the United Nations to make a request to the Soviet government: either retry her case, or execute her, because she cannot continue to live in this state of terror.She wrote on the envelope that a certain leader of the Soviet government "received it personally", and inside was a note "please forward it to the United Nations". At Durerovlage she was summoned by an enraged band of officers: "How dare you write to the United Nations?" Skripnikova stood there as usual, straight, tall and stately: "无论刑法、刑事诉讼法还是宪法都没有禁止这件事。而你们竟然私拆寄给政府领导人个人的信件，怕是不应该吧！" 一九五六年一个最高苏维埃的"清理"委员会在他们这个劳改营里进行工作。委员会的唯一任务就是尽多尽快地把犯人放出去。有个很简单的手续，只要求犯人说几句认错的话，低着头在那儿站一会就行了。但是不，安娜?斯克里普尼科娃不是这种人！和普遍的正义相比，她本人的释放算得了什么！她怎么能接受宽恕，如果她本来就无罪？她向委员会宣布： "不要高兴得过分！斯大林恐怖政策的所有推行者迟早都得向人民做出交代。上校公民，我不知道在斯大林时代您本人是什么样的人。但如果您是他的恐怖政策的推行者，您也得站到被告席上。" 委员们火冒三丈，吼叫起来，说她侮辱委员会成员就是侮辱最高苏维埃，说这事不能便宜了她，说她还得从早到晚她在劳改营里蹲下去。 为了坚持对正义的不可实现的信念，她果然在劳改营里又多蹲了三年。 她在卡梅施拉格有时继续给联合国写信（一九五九年以前的七年中她一共向各机关写了八十封申诉书）。由于这些信件，一九五八年她被送到弗拉基米尔政治犯监狱去了一年。那地方有这么一条规定：当局每十天接受一封写给任何方面的申诉。半年期间她从这里向不同机关发出了十八封申诉书。其中十二封是给联合国的。 她终于达到了目的！--不是处决，而是重新侦查！对一九二七年和一九五二年的两案重新进行侦查。她对侦查员说："您看怎么样？在苏联官僚制度的墙上打开洞口、强迫耳聋的忒眯斯听到一点声音，唯一的办法是向联合国上诉。" 侦查员有时急得跳起来，捶着胸口说： "斯大林恐怖政策--我不知道为什么（！）你要这样称呼个人迷信--所有的推行者都要对人民做交代吗？就拿我来说，为什么要我做交代？那时候我们能推行什么别的政策吗？况且我当时对斯大林是无限信仰的，我一点情况也不了解。" 但是斯克里普尼科娃继续穷追猛打： "不对，不对，这是讲不通的！每一件罪行都要有人负责！你要谁来为成百万的无辜者的死亡负责呢？为民族的精华，为党的精华的牺牲负责呢？已经死掉的斯大林吗？已经毙掉的贝利亚吗？而你们却继续在政治上飞黄腾达吗？" （而她的血压这时候已经升到危险点，她一闭上眼睛便觉得天旋地转，一片火红。） 本来还会继续扣住她不放，但是在一九五九年做出这种事已经是太不像话了。 以后的岁月里（她今天还健在），她生活的主要内容就是为仍在狱中、流放中以及尚未平反的她后期在劳改营里结识的熟人们奔走接济。有些人在她的努力下得到了释放，另一些人的名誉得到了恢复。她还承担了为本市居民进行辩护的义务。她的笔杆子和写着"寄往莫斯科"的信封使市政当局也要怕上三分，有些事不得不对她有所迁就。 如果所有的人都有安娜?斯克里普尼科娃的四分之一的不调和精神--俄国的历史恐怕就会是另一个样子了。 2.斯捷潘?瓦西里耶维奇?洛希林 一九O八年生于伏尔加地区，造纸厂工人的儿子。一九二一年大饥荒中成为孤儿。这孩子生性并不活跃，然而十七岁已经入了共青团，十八岁进了农村青年学校，二十一岁毕业。在这期间他们曾被派去帮助进行粮食征购工作，一九三0年在本村参加消灭富农运动。可是他没有留在村里建设集体农庄，而是在村苏维埃"打了证明"，拿着它上了莫斯科。费了好大的劲才在建筑工地上找到一个……壮工的工作。（那正是失业时期，当时盲目流入莫斯科的人特别多。）一年后应征入伍，在部队被吸收入党，后来转为正式党员。一九三二年就已经复员回到莫斯科。可是他不想再去当壮工，想学点技术，所以请求区委介绍他去厂里当学徒工。但是看来他这个党员还是不大行，因为连这点要求都被人家拒绝了。人家要他去当民警。 可是在这当口，倒是他不干了。如果他不是这样决定，这个传记大概也用不着写。但是--他好歹不干！ 年轻轻的干壮工，没有一技之长，在姑娘们面前都害臊。可是到哪儿学专长去？他只好到"口径"工厂"去干活，还是当壮工。在厂里一次党员大会上他傻乎乎地为支部显然决定要清洗的一个工人说了些辩护的话。那个工人照样按原定计划被清洗了，而洛希林从此也穿上了小鞋。他收来的党费在集体宿舍里被盗，他用自己那九十三卢布的工资赔不起。结果是开除党籍，还威胁说要送法院（难道遗失党费也能按刑法典处理？）。洛希林在精神上已经退了坡，有一天他连工也没去上。他们以旷工为理由把他开除了。背着这样的问题，他长久找不到工作。一个侦查员把他叫去盘问过一阵，过后也丢开不管了。等着受审吧--可又总不开庭。忽然下来了一份缺席裁决：强制劳动六个月，工资扣发百分之二十五，通过市劳改局执行。 一九三七年九月的一天，洛希林到基辅车站小吃部去（我们自己生活中会发生的什么事我们能说得准？如果他再多忍上十五分钟的饿，会怎么样呢？如果他到别的小吃部去吃东西呢？……）。也许他脸上带着失魂落魄的表情或者好像在东张西望？他本人并不知道。迎面走来二个穿内务人民委员部制服的年轻妇女。（这是该你们女人家干的差事吗？）她问："您在找什么？您到哪儿去？""去小吃部。"那女的指了指一个房门："到那屋里去！"洛希林当然是服从了她的指挥（你向一个英国人说这句话试试！）。这里是特别科办公室。一个干部坐在办公桌后面。那女的说："这个人是我在车站巡逻时拘留的。"说完就走了，洛希林一辈子再也没见过她。（我们也永远不会知道她！……）那个干部不让他坐下就开始讯问。他拿走了他的全部证件，把他送进拘留室。那里已经有两个男人。据洛希林自己讲，他"这次没有征得许可（！）就在他们旁边的一张空椅子上坐下了。"三个人呆坐了好长时间。来了几个民警把他们带到羁押室。一个民警叫他们把身上的钱交给他，因为据他说在羁押室里"反正要被人夺走的"（民警和盗贼之间有多么惊人的共同点！）。洛希林扯谎说他身上没有钱。他们在他身上一搜，钱就永远被没收了。马合烟倒是还了给他。他带着两盒马合烟走进了自己头一间牢房，把烟往桌上一摆。当然屋里的人们都没有烟抽了。 从羁押室里只被带到侦查员那里一次。那人问洛希林是不是干扒手这一行的。（这本是多好的得救机会！应当说：是，我是干这一行的，这是头一次被抓。为这种事情顶了不起是遣送出莫斯科。）可是洛希林骄傲地回答："我是自食其力的。"侦查员也没有给他扣别的罪名。侦查到此就算结束，也没有开庭审判。 他在羁押室蹲了十天。一天夜里把他们全体转押到彼得罗夫卡大街的莫斯科刑事侦查局。这地方可是又挤又闷，水泄不通。窃贼们是这儿的主干，他们夺走囚犯们的东西拿去赌钱。在这里洛希林第一次被"他们奇怪的大胆，他们坚持据有的某种不可理解的优越地位"吓得目瞪口呆。某一个晚上，他们被一车车地运往斯列坚卡大街上的递解监狱（建立红色普列斯尼亚监狱之前就在这儿）。这里的牢房更挤。坐在地上和睡板铺的人们要倒班。被盗窃犯们剥得衣不遮体的人，民警发给穿的--树皮鞋和民警的旧制服。 和洛希林同来的以及其他的人当中有许多这样的人，他们从来没有听到任何起诉也没有被传到法庭上去过，可是和已决犯一样地押来押去。洛希林一行被递解到佩列鲍尔。在那里填写入营登记表的时候他才获悉自己的条文是CB3--"社会有害分子"，刑期是四年。（至今他还莫名其妙：我爸爸是工人，我本人也是工人--为什么成了"社会有害分子"？如果我过去是做买卖的，那还说得过去……） 伏尔加拉格。伐木场。一天十小时工作，除了十一月和五月的两个节日，没有一天公休。（战争爆发前的整整三年都是如此！）有一次洛希林折断了一条腿。做手术，住院四个月，拄双拐三个月。然后又去伐木。四年的徒刑就是这样服完的。战争开始了，但他毕竟不算是"五十八条"，所以仍在一九四一年秋天按期获释。洛希林获释前夕有人偷走了他的外套，那是在他的装备卡片上记了帐的。他苦苦哀求杂役们把这件可恶的外套注销--不行！人家不肯发这个慈悲！他们从他的"释放费"扣除了外套的价值--实际多算了一倍的钱，而这件破烂的棉宝衣的官价本来就贵得吓人！这样，在一个寒冷的秋日，让他穿着一件劳改犯的单布衣出了营门，几乎没有一点路费，没有面包，甚至没有一条成鲜鱼。门岗在出口处搜完了他的身，便祝他一路顺风。 他在释放的日子也像被捕的那天一样，遭到洗劫…… 在登记分配科科长办公室里开离营证明的时候，洛希林反着个儿读出了他的档案里写的内容。那里面写的是："在车站巡逻时拘留的……" 他回到本乡本土的苏尔斯克市。区兵役局因为他有病而免除了他的兵役。可是这样却反而糟了。一九四二年秋兵役局遵照国防人民委员会第336号命令对所有能从事体力劳动的兵役适龄男性公民实行动员。洛希林被编入乌里扬诺夫斯克市卫戍部队营房。 管理部的劳动支队。这是个什么性质的支队以及受到怎样的看待仅从以下一点就可以判断出来：这个支队里有很多战争爆发前就已经征召入伍但由于不可靠而没有派到前线去的西部乌克兰的青年。所以洛希林等于又落进了群岛的一个变种，一个按军队编制的没有看守的劳改营。它的任务同样是在榨干这些人最后一把力气后加以消灭。 十小时的工作日。营房里是没有任何卧具的双层板铺。（他们出工以后营房好像是没人住的。）不论劳动还是平时，都是穿着从家里被抓来时穿的那一套衣服，内衣也是自己的。既没有洗澡房也不发换洗的内衣。他们的工资很低，面包（六百克）和其他食物（十分粗劣的。一天两顿，每顿一汤一菜）的价钱都要从工资里扣。连发给他们穿的楚瓦什桦树皮鞋都要算钱。 支队管理员和队长是从队员中指派的，但是他们没有任何实权。一切由修建办公室主任M?热尔托夫说了算。他是一个想怎么干就能怎么干的上皇帝。只要他说一句话，有的队员就一两天领不到面包和午饭。（"哪儿来的这种规矩？"洛希林奇怪地问，"连劳改营里也不像这样。"）同时，正在养伤的身体还衰弱的前线士兵也陆陆续续被派到这个支队里来。给支队配备了一名女医生。她有权开病假条，但是热尔托夫不许她写。她怕他，她哭，也没有向队员们瞒着自己的眼泪。（这就是自由！这就是我国的自由！）大家全长了虱子，板铺上爬满了臭虫。 但这毕竟还不是劳改营！他们是可以提意见的。他们果真提了。给省报写信，给省委写信。哪儿也没有回音。唯一的反应来自市卫生局：进行了一次彻底的消毒，让每个人好好地洗了一个澡，给每人发了一套内衣和若干卧具--但全要从工资里扣钱（！）。 在一九四四-一九四五年的冬天，即洛希林在支队里劳动的第三年的开端，他自己的鞋袜全穿烂了，因此没有上工。马上以旷工为理由给他判了罪--在本支队内服劳改刑三个月，工资扣发百分之二十五。 在春天的湿地上，穿着树皮鞋的洛希林再也走不了路，又一次没有出工。他又一次被判刑（如果连缺席判决的那一次也算上，这是他一生中的第四次了！），这次审判是在营房的所谓"红角"里进行的，判决是监禁三个月。 但是……并没有关监牢！因为让洛希林白吃饭对国家不利！因为任何一种监禁也没有比这种劳动更难受的了！ 这事情发生在一九四五年的三月。如果在这以前洛希林没有给卫戍部队营房管理处写过一封告状信，说热尔托夫答应给每人发一双鞋可是至今不发（由他一个人写，是因为严厉禁止集体告状。搞这种和社会主义精神背道而驰的集体告状，弄不好会捞到一个"五十八条"），事情本来也就这么过去了。 由于加上了这件事，洛希林被叫到人事科："把工作服交回来！"这个平时不声不响的劳动干将三年以来领到的唯一东西就是一条劳动围裙。洛希林把它解下来，轻轻地放在地板上。营管处叫来的地段民警就在一边等着。他把洛希林带到派出所，当晚就送进了监狱，但是监狱值班员发现公文里有毛病，拒绝接受。 民警又把洛希林带回派出所。半路经过他们劳动支队的营房，民警说："去，回去歇着吧，反正你也跑不到哪儿去。等我一两天来接你。" 一九四五年快到四月末了。传奇般的师团已经逼近易北河，对柏林形成了包围。国家天天放礼炮，把天空染成红、绿、金黄的颜色。四月二十五日，洛希林被关进乌里扬斯克省立监狱。这个监狱牢房的拥挤程度不亚于一九三七年。五百克面包。菜汤是用饲料芜菁煮的，即使用土豆煮，也只是些小不点的，连皮带泥一起下锅。他在监室里度过了五月九日（胜利日以后的好几天他们还不知道战争已经结束）。正像他在铁窗后面迎来了战争爆发一样，他同样是在那里送走了它。 胜利日之后，所谓的法令犯（既因旷工、迟到、有时因在生产岗位上小偷小摸而入狱的）一律被送进了劳改营。他们在这里从事挖土、建筑以及装卸驳船等项工作。伙食很坏。营是新建的。别说医生，连个护士也没有。洛希林受了寒，得了坐骨神经炎，照样被赶出去上工。他已经奄奄一息，两腿浮肿，长期发烧，但还是要他去劳动。 一九四五年七月七日颁布了赫赫有名的斯大林大赦。但是洛希林没有等到享受按大赦释放的荣幸；七月二十四日他的三个月的劳改期满，当时就被放了出来。 "不管怎么样，"洛希林说，"在灵魂深处我是一个布尔什维克。当我死的时候，请把我当做一名共产党员。" 他可能是在开玩笑，但也可能是当真的。 我手头没有材料以便按照我原来的想法结束这一章--展示几个俄国人的生活与群岛的法则之间发生的惊心动魄的相交。此外，我也不能指望再得到一个安全而从容的时机以便对此书进行再次校订，把遗漏的生活经历补充进去。 我想，如果能在这里加进一段关于保罗?弗洛连斯基神甫的生平、在监狱和劳改营受到的摧残及其死亡的事略，会是很合适的。这个人也许是被群岛永远吞噬的最卓越的人物之一。知情的人们都说他是一个二十世纪少有的精通多种学科的学问家。他在学校里是学数学的，青年时代曾深深地受到宗教的感动并因而当了神甫。他青年时代的作品《真理的柱石和真理的确立》只是到了今天才获得应有的评价。在数学（很久以后在西方得到了证明的拓朴定理）、艺术学（论俄罗斯圣像，论庙堂戏剧）、哲学和宗教学等等方面他都有大量的著作。（他的档案基本上保存下来了，但还没有公布，我接触不到。）革命以后他是电力工程学院的教授（他讲课时穿着僧袍）。一九二七年他提出了一些比维纳"早得多的思想。一九三二年他在《社会主义改造与科学》杂志上发表了一篇关于"能解算课题的机械"的论文，和控制论的精神很接近。不久以后就被捕了。他的狱中经历我仅知道一些片断，很没有把握地写在下面：西伯利亚的流放（在流放地继续写作并用化名发表在科学院西伯利亚考察队论文集里）；索洛维茨。这个劳改营撤销后，他被遣送到极北地区，据某些消息来源说是遣送到了科雷马。在科雷马他仍在研究当地的植物和矿物（这是在他论丁字镐的劳动之余）。他在劳改营中去世的地点和时间都不清楚，据传说是在战时被处决的。 我一定要把一九五0至五二年和我一起在埃克巴斯图兹坐过牢的叶夫列莫夫县的瓦连京?H?科莫夫的生平也在这里谈一谈。但是我的关于他的记忆实在有限，而他的经历确是值得细说的。一九二九年，当他还是个十七岁的少年时，他杀死了本村苏维埃主席后逃亡在外。从此他只能靠偷窃生存和藏身。他曾被关押过数次，全是因为扒窃。一九四一年他被释放了。德军把他运到德国。他跟他们合作了吗？没有，他逃跑了两次，结果落入了布痕瓦尔德集中营。他被盟军从那里解放出来。他留在西方了？没有，他以自己的真名实姓（"祖国宽恕了你们！祖国召唤你们！"）回到了自己的村庄，娶了老婆并且在集体农庄劳动。一九四六年为了一九二九年的案子依照第五十八条把他关进了监狱。他是一九五五年获释的。如果把这个传记详细展开来写，它可能向我们说明最近数十年俄国人的命运中的许多问题。此外，科莫夫还是一个典型的劳改营作业班长，是一个"古拉格之子"。（甚至在苦役劳改营里他也敢在全体点名时冲着长官喊："为什么我们营里实行法西斯的制度？"） 最后，如果在这一章里加进某个在人品和观点的忠贞方面出类拔萃的社会党人的生平事略，以便展示他在多年内随着每次"大牌阵"的重摆而遭到的磨难，也会是很适当的。 也许把某个穷凶极恶的内务部分子如加拉宁和扎维尼亚金之流或某个不那么有名的人物的传记放在这里也是非常得体的。 但这一切显然命中注定不能由我来完成了。当我在一九六八年初截止这部书的写作时，我不指望今后再有机会回到群岛的主题上了。 不过就这些也已经够了。我和它打交道已经有了……二十年。