Chapter 29 2

If it can be concluded that the archipelago did not have a clear understanding of itself in Solovitz's time, and this child has not guessed his own future character, this will be a great scientific discovery for us!Then, we can follow the vine to observe how its character is revealed step by step.Unfortunately not!Although at that time there was no one to consult, no precedent to follow, and it seemed that there was no innate heredity—the archipelago quickly recognized his own character and fully displayed it. Much of future experience had already been invented by Solovitz.There is already the phrase "exempt from general labor".All the prisoners sleep on plank bunks, but some people already sleep on wooden beds; the whole company lives in a large temple, but some people already live in single rooms.Some have room for 20 people, some have room for four or five people.Some people already know their power: look at each new batch of female prisoners and choose a woman for themselves (thousands of men only have one or two hundred women. Some were added later).The struggle to gain comfort by siding and selling out is already underway.All the "counter-revolutionaries" were dismissed from the office, but then resumed their jobs, because the criminals only messed up everything.The ominous wind that kept coming in had already made the air in the camp very tense. "Trust no one!"--this has become the highest principle of people's behavior. (It crowds out and freezes the "Silver Age" sentimentalism.)

The free people have also tasted the sweetness of the labor camp life and began to enjoy its joys seriously.The family of a free man was entitled to a free female cook from the camp, and could call woodcutters, washerwomen, seamstresses, and barbers to their homes at any time.Vin Hermans built himself an arctic villa.Potemkin also had a lot of ostentation. This man was a sergeant of the Tsarist Russian Dragoons. He later became a member of the Communist Party, a cadre of the Cheka, and now he is the battalion commander of the Kem Transit Battalion. He opened a restaurant in the city of Kem. , whose bandmates are all conservatory graduates, and whose waitresses wear silk bragi.In the early thirties, Gulag comrades from rationing Moscow could eat, drink, and merry here, served by Princess Shakhovskaya; the bill was symbolic , as long as thirty kopecks, the rest of the money will be reimbursed by the labor camp.

The Acropolis of Solovets is not the whole of Solovets, it is still the most favored place.The real Solovets were not even in the monasteries (where, after the socialists had been transported, labor dispatch offices were set up), but in the logging fields, on distant construction sites.But these remote and remote places are now the most difficult to ascertain, because the people who labored there did not survive.As far as we know, it was already at that time: they were not allowed to dry their clothes in autumn; they were not given warm clothes and boots and socks for working in the deep snow in winter; the length of the working day was based on labor quotas. Decision: When the quota is completed, the working day is over; if it is not completed, you can never enter the house.At that time, this method of "opening up" new dispatch points had also been invented: dispatch hundreds of prisoners in batches to some unprepared, deserted places and forget it.

But Solovitz's first few years, the demands of hard work and surprise orders, seemed to be episodic, intermittent bouts of anger.They have not yet become entangled institutions.The national economy has not yet been based on them, and the five-year plan has not yet been drawn up.In the first few years of the Northern Special Battalion, it was obvious that it did not undertake a rigid economic plan for the outside world, and there was no serious statistics on the amount of labor consumed in the camp.So they were suddenly free to substitute punishment for serious productive labor: scooping water from one ice hole to another, moving logs from one place to another and back again.It shows brutality, yes, but it also shows rawness.When demanding hard work has become a well-thought-out system, splashing water on the body in severe cold and tying it to a tree to feed mosquitoes are superfluous and waste the energy of the executioners.

There is such an official figure: Before 1929, in the entire Russian Federation, "the prisoners who participated in labor accounted for only 34% to 41% of the total number of prisoners" (in the case of a large number of unemployed in the country , and this is only possible).It is not clear whether this includes internal labor in the labor camp itself or just "outside labor".But the remaining 60 to 65 percent of the prisoners don't have that much back office work to do anyway.This proportion cannot but be expressed in Solovitz as well.To be sure, throughout the 1920s there were quite a few prisoners there who were not assigned to any regular labor (partly because they had no clothes on them), or who held only non-existent functions.

The first year of the first five-year plan that shook the country also shook Solovitz.The new head of the Northern Special Battalion Administration (before 1930) Nogtev (the same head of the Savati Monastery Labor Camp who massacred the Socialists)" to the amazed murmurs of the stunned audience The middle "reported the following figures to the free men of Kem: not counting the forest logging industry, which is growing at an unprecedented rate, not counting the Northern Special Battalion itself, but only on the basis of the "foreign activities" of the Railway Timber Company and the Karelian Timber Company "Order plan, the Northern Special Battalion Administration completed the following logging tasks: in 1926 - 63,000 rubles; in 1929 - 2,355,000 rubles (an increase of 37 times!), and quadrupled again in 1930.On the territory of the Murmansk Krai of Karelia, the output value of road construction was 105,000 rubles in 1926 and 6 million rubles in 1930 - an increase of 57 times!

Solovets, who had previously suffered from not knowing how to consume the prisoner's strength, ended here.Labor - The magician came to help. During the founding period of Solovitz, everything came in through Kemperpunkt.After it had passed its maturity, it expanded back through Kemperpunkt to the mainland from the late twenties.The most difficult thing for prisoners to suffer now is to go to the dispatch point on the mainland to work.Previously, Solovitz had only two dispatch points on the mainland, Solob and Sumguanxiang, both of which were properties of monasteries along the coast.Now the Northern Special Battalion swells up and has forgotten the borders of the monastery.

Prisoners began to build a Kem-Ukhta road from Kem to the west through the swamp, "it used to be considered almost impossible to build a road here", drowned in summer and froze to death in winter.Solovitz's prisoners were terrified of the road.For a long time, the sky above the Acropolis compound echoed a low and threatening voice: "What?? Want to go to Ukhta?" The second highway started at this time was the Palandovsk highway (starting from Medvyzhegorsk).During the construction process, the Cheka officer Gashze ordered explosives to be filled in a rock and asked several counter-revolutionaries to stand on the rock.He watched through the binoculars how it would blow them up into the sky.

It is said that in Red Mountain (Karelia) in December 1928 a group of convicts were left overnight in the forest as punishment for not completing their task, and as a result 150 died of freezing.This is conventional Solovetz way, nothing to doubt. Another legend is even more unbelievable: in February 1929, near a small settlement called Kut on the Kem-Ukhta highway, a company of about 100 prisoners died because they did not fulfill their quota. Driven into the fire--all burned to death! The only person who told me this was Professor Dmitry Pavlovich Kalistov, an old Solovitz prisoner who had just died, who was standing nearby.Yes, I have not collected circumstantial evidence about this incident (probably no one can collect it. There are many other things, and I cannot collect evidence, even if it is a single piece of evidence).But if they can freeze people to death and blow people to death, why can't they burn them to death?Is it because it is technically more difficult to do?

Those who do not believe in the dictation of the living, but in the printed letter, read the following material.This is the case of road construction in the same year, by the same Northern Special Battalion Administration, by the same prisoners, but in another location - the Kola Peninsula: "In the valley of the White River, along the shores of Lake Woodyar, with great difficulty, a twenty-seven-kilometre dirt road was built to the Kukis Vujoer Mountains (where the apatites come from). They used...  "(What are you thinking? There is a word that seems to come out of your mouth, but it can't be put on paper, can you?)"... Logs and sand fill the swamp, leveling the ground caused by the collapse of the rocky hillside. Complex terrain." After that, the Northern Special Battalion Administration built a railway there--"need to complete eleven kilometers within one month in winter..." (Why must it be completed within one month? Why can't Postponed to summer?) "... the task seems impossible - three hundred thousand cubic," (in the arctic circle! Winter! Is that dirt? That is harder than any granite!) "must be completely relied on Manpower—digging with pickaxes, iron bars, and shovels." (Gloves?...) "Extensive bridge work slowed the progress of road repairs. Three shifts a day and night, and the light of gas lamps pierced the arctic night. In Cutting passages in the spruce forest, digging up tree roots, facing a snowstorm that buried the road as deep as a person..."

Please read it a few more times.Now please close your eyes.Now guess and imagine: you, a effeminate city dweller, Chekhov's crush, have fallen into this icy hell!You, Turkmen in your embroidered cap, face this nocturnal snowstorm!And please dig up the roots! This was in the brightest and brightest twenties, before all sorts of "personality fetishes" when the white, yellow, black and brown races of the earth saw our country as the beacon of freedom in Funny songs about Solovets are being sung in funfairs these days. The original intention of establishing an isolated special battalion on only a few small islands was thus unknowingly undermined (by production tasks).The archipelago born and matured in Solovets began a vicious spread across the country. At this time, a problem arose: to open the whole territory of our country to it, but not to let the whole country be conquered, attracted, taken over and assimilated by it.Every small island and every small highland in the archipelago must be surrounded by the Soviet hostility like a raging sea. The two worlds must be clearly defined and must not be mixed with each other. Then came Nogtev's report, which caused "a murmur of astonishment."He said these words in order to write a resolution, to write a resolution of the working people of Kem (then it will be in the papers, it will be posted in the villages and towns): "...the intensifying class struggle in the USSR...and the ever-increasing danger of war...require the State Political Security Service and the Northern Special Battalion Administration to work together with the working masses and to heighten their vigilance... "...by organizing public opinion...to fight against...free people's flirting with prisoners, harboring fugitives, buying stolen goods and public property...against all kinds of gossip about the Northern Special Battalion Administration spread by class enemies." What kind of "rumours" are these?It means that the camps hold completely innocent people.It's about how to kill them there. There is another line below: "... everyone has an obligation to report in a timely manner..." Hateful free man!They make friends with prisoners, they harbor fugitives, and this is a dire danger.If it is not stopped in time, there will be no archipelago.The country is about to perish.The revolution is about to fail. So in response to such "malicious" rumors, some honest and progressive rumors were spread: the camps were locked up with murderers, thugs!Every fugitive is a dangerous robber!Shut the door, watch out, and save your children!Catch it, denounce it, help the work of the State Political Security Bureau!If someone is not helping - report it now! Now, with the sprawl of the archipelago, there have been more escapes: forestry and road construction dispatch points are hopeless prospects, but after all, the fugitives are stepping on a complete mainland, and there is always a glimmer of hope for survival here.Even when the Northern Special Battalion was still confined to the isolated island, the thought of fleeing kept disturbing the hearts of the Solovets.The gullible looks forward to the expiry of his three years, and the prescient have learned that, whether for three years or twenty-three, they will see no liberty.If you want to be free, you can only escape. But how to escape from Solovets?The sea is frozen for half a year, and it is not complete, and there are cracks in many places.Swirling blizzard, bone-chilling cold, boundless fog and darkness.It was white night again for most of the spring and summer, and the watch launch could be seen from afar.Only in late summer and autumn, when the nights are getting longer, is it convenient.Of course, he didn't escape from the Acropolis, but he recognized that he could move around and escape from a dispatch point where he had time to prepare.People built small boats or rafts in the woods near the coast, and rowed out at night (sometimes riding directly on logs), trying their luck, mainly hoping to meet a foreign ship.The people on the island knew that there had been an escape from the panic of the guards and the departure of the motorboat.Solovitz's prisoners were excited and tense, as if they were escaping themselves.They asked quietly: Haven't caught it yet?Haven't found it yet? . . . Many people must have drowned before getting anywhere.Perhaps someone has reached the coast of Karelia, and that person will be hidden more silently than the dead. The famous flight to England took place at Kembe.The brave fellow (we are too ignorant to know his last name) knew English, but didn't let anyone know it.He got a chance to load the outer liner at Combe Docks, and joined the British.The escort team found that there were fewer people, detained the British ship for a week, searched it several times, but found no fugitives. (Original: whenever the search was started from the shore side, the British put him under the water from the other side with a hawse, with a snorkel in his mouth.) A large sum was paid for the detainment of the outer ship Penalties for breach of contract.At last it was concluded that the prisoner had probably drowned, and the ship was released. Bessonov and other five persons (Marzagov, Malbroski, Sazonov, Priblukin) escaped by sea. So a book appeared in England, and it seems that more than one edition was published (Yod Liusunoff "My Twenty-Six Prisons and My Escape from Solovets Island"). This book astonished Europe, (they would no doubt accuse the fugitive author of exaggeration; friends of the "new society" would certainly not believe this slanderous work!) because it contradicted what was already known: Rote Fahne (German Communist Party Newspaper) About the description of the paradise on Solovets Island, the picture album introducing Solovets distributed by the Soviet Union’s political representative offices in European countries: exquisite paper, realistic pictures of comfortable monks’ homes photo. (Nadezhda Surovtseva, a member of our Communist Party in Austria, received a copy of such a picture book from our political representative in Vienna, and indignantly refuted the popular slander about Solovitz in Europe .And her future husband's sister happened to be squatting in Solovets at this time, and she herself was doomed to spend two years "in a single row" in the Yaroslav Water Quarantine.) Slander is slander, but it leaves a nerve-wracking gap!A committee of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, chaired by "the conscience of the party" Soltz, came to investigate what happened on Solovets Island (they didn't know anything about it! . . . ).But this committee just took a train along the Murmansk railway, and did nothing special.As for visiting the island, they thought it would be better to send——no, please! --The great proletarian writer Maxim Gorky, who just recently returned to the proletarian motherland, went for a visit.His testimony will be the best refutation of that vile foreign forgery publication! Before the people arrived, the news had arrived. The hearts of the Solovitz prisoners were beating violently, and the guards were busy.You have to be familiar with the mood of the prisoners in order to imagine their expectations!In this dark, raging, and silent abyss, suddenly an eagle rushes in!Haiyan!The first Russian writer!Now he wants to show them a good and bad look!Now he wants to discipline and discipline them!Now the old man is going to protect us!People are looking forward to Gorky like looking forward to a national amnesty! The chiefs were also furious: they hurriedly hid the shady things as much as possible.Decorate the facade as beautifully as possible.Groups of prisoners were sent to distant dispatch points so that there would be fewer people in the camp, and the health center released many patients to clean up the environment.The roadside was poked with rootless spruce to form a "greenway" leading to a children's correctional home opened three months ago (dead tree within a few days).This reformatory is the pride of the Northern Special Battalion Administration. The children there are well-clothed, and none of them belong to a hostile class.Of course, Gorky would be interested to see how juvenile delinquents are being re-educated and rescued so that they will live under the socialist system in the future. It was only in Kem that an oversight occurred: prisoners in only underwear and sacks were loading the ship "Gleshi Boki" on Popov Island, when suddenly, out of nowhere, Gorky's entourage appeared , to board this ship!Inventors and thinkers!Although a wise man is sure to make mistakes, this is also a subject worthy of your serious study: a bare island, no bushes, no place to hide--Gorky's entourage appeared three hundred steps away .Can you guys come up with a solution?Where do you hide these unsightly men in sacks?If the great humanitarian saw them now, his whole trip would have been in vain.Yes, of course, he'll try not to notice them, but do him a favor too 1 Throw them into the ocean?Will he flop in the water... into the soil?Too little time... No, only the worthy Sons of the Archipelago will find their way out of this matter.The dispatcher issued an order: "Stop working! All come closer and squeeze tighter! Sit on the ground and don't move!" A piece of canvas hit their heads. "Whoever moves, I'll kill him!" The former stevedore Maxim Gorky boarded the gangway and stood on the ship for a full hour before setting off to watch the scenery - without noticing... It was June 20, 1929.The famous writer stepped off the ship in Happy Bay.Walking beside him was his daughter-in-law, dressed in leather (black leather cap, leather coat, leather breeches, narrow high boots).The living symbol of the GPO walked side by side with Russian writers. Surrounded by officials from the State Political Security Bureau, Gorky walked briskly through the corridors of several dormitories.All the doors were wide open, but he hardly entered any of them.In the health department, doctors and nurses in brand new white coats lined the way to welcome him, but he walked out almost without looking at him.From here, the Chekas of the Northern Special Battalion took him fearlessly up Mount Axe.What to see here?It turned out that there was no overcrowding in the confinement room, and the main thing was that there were no roots at all!None.The thieves were sitting on the benches (Solovitz already had a large number of thieves at this time), they were all ... reading newspapers!None of them had the courage to stand up and complain, but they also came up with a trick: hold the newspaper upside down in their hands!So Gorky walked up to a person and turned the newspaper over silently.He found out!He figured it out!He won't leave it alone!He will come out to protect them! Take a bus to visit a children's correctional home.How civilized everything is 1. Each person sleeps alone on a wooden bed with a mattress.The kids are all together and everyone is happy.Suddenly a fourteen-year-old boy said: "Listen, Gorky! What you see is false. Do you want to know the truth? Shall I tell you?" Yes, the writer nodded.Yes, he wanted to know the real situation. (Oh, you bad boy, why do you want to destroy the peaceful life that the literary patriarch has just established... Palaces in Moscow, estates in the suburbs of Moscow...) At that time, everyone - including children and the political guards of the country - was called The Bureau's entourage—they all retreated outside, and the boy spent an hour and a half telling the lanky old man everything.Gorky walked out of the shed in tears.A carriage took him to lunch at the villa of the commander of the special battalion.The children rushed back to the work shed: "Did you say about the mosquito?" "Yes!" "Did you say about the tree roots?" Say it!" "What about the push down the steps? ... the sack? ... the night in the snow? ..." All, all, the truth-telling child has said it all! ! ! But we don't even know his name. On June 22, having already talked with the boy, Gorky left the following inscription on the "comment book" specially prepared for this visit: "It is difficult for me to express my impressions in a few words. I do not wish and am ashamed (!) to make clichés about the astonishing perseverance of men who are both vigilant defenders of the revolution and at the same time capable of being exceptionally courageous creators of culture Praise." On the 23rd, Gorky left on board.No sooner had his boat left the shore than the boy was shot. (Oh, the master who interprets the human heart! The expert who is proficient in anthropology! How did he not take this child away?!) This is how they instil faith in justice to a new generation. People try to tell us that the leader of the literary world has shirked his reluctance to publish a tribute to the Northern Special Battalion Administration.But how can this be done, Alexey Maximovitch.... And this is in the face of bourgeois Europe!This is under the current situation, under such a dangerous and complicated situation!Is there a management system there? … We will change, we will change. So he published his own article, which was reproduced one after another in the major newspapers of free people in our country and in the West, in the name of Eagle and Haiyan, declaring that it is groundless to use Solovitz to intimidate the people , claiming that the prisoners lived very well there and were reformed very well. When he was about to die, he blessed the archipelago... I have always attributed Gorky's pathetic behavior from his return from Italy until his death to his delusions and confusion.But his recently published letters of the twenties prompted me to explain the phenomenon in terms of a lower motivation than that—material desire.Gorky was astonished in Sorrento to discover that he had neither greater world fame nor more money (while he still had a large army of servants to support).He understood that in order to gain money and reputation, he had to return to the Soviet Union, with all the strings attached.Here he became Yagoda's willing captive.Stalin's murder of him was not necessary at all, but out of sheer caution: Gorky would have sung the praises of 1937, too. As for the management system of the labor camps, they did keep their promises.The management system has been revised—in the 11th punishment company, it is now a one-week stand in a friendly manner.A committee came to Solovets, this time not from Solz, but from the Investigative and Punishment Committee.After investigation (with the assistance of the local intelligence and investigation department), it was found that all the atrocities in the management of Solovets were the work of White Guard officers (administrative department), generally aristocratic elements, and some of them were university students (yes , by those university students who have been fanning the flames in St. Petersburg since the last century).At this time, there was a purely nonsense and failed escape of the insane Kozhevnikov (former minister of the Far Eastern Republic), Shepchinsky, and the cattle prime minister Getyaryov.The incident was exaggerated into a grand conspiracy of grotesque Whiteguard officers, who planned to seize a steamer and drive away.So they began to arrest people. Although no one admitted to the conspiracy, the case continued to get bigger and bigger, and more and more people were arrested. It is planned to arrest 300 people.All caught.On the night of October 14, 1929, all prisoners were driven back to the dormitory and locked up.In order to shorten the road to the cemetery, the normally closed "Holy Gate" was opened.Throughout the night, batch after batch were brought to the execution ground. (Every time a group of people were brought out, there was a desperate wailing of a dog, a dog called "Heizi", which was hung somewhere, and every time it thought that its master Bagratuni was walking on this road The prisoners in each company counted the number of batches to be taken out according to the barking of dogs, but the gunshots could not be heard clearly in the strong wind. The wailing showed that the executioners were so excited that the next day they sent Heizi and All the dogs that barked with Heizi were shot.) The executioners were the three morphine-drinking swingers, the captain of the guard, Degtyaryov, and... Uspensky, the chief of culture and education. (Only people who look at the problem on the surface will find this combination strange. This Uspensky's history is so-called "typical", that is, it is not the most common, but it can concentrate on the essence of the times. He is He was born into this world as the son of a priest. It was in this capacity that he met the revolution. What awaited him? Censorship, restriction, exile, persecution. You know, this family burden cannot be shaken off. Yes, one cannot change one's father. No! Uspensky found a way: he killed his father and declared to the authorities that he had done it out of class hatred! It was a healthy feeling, almost It is not murder! He received a light sentence. Immediately after entering the camp, he showed his talents in cultural and educational work, and was released shortly afterwards. Now he is the head of the Solovets Cultural and Educational Section as a free man. This execution We don’t know whether he asked for it or someone else asked him to prove his class position. At dawn that day, someone saw him lifting his legs before the washbasin, washing the blood-stained leather boots. They were drunk when they killed, and their guns were so-so--the crater, covered only with a thin layer of soil, was still moving in the morning. Throughout October, including November, batches of people were transported from the mainland one after another, and they came here to be shot. (Kurielko was executed along with some of them.) After a while, with the accompaniment of the band, the prisoners pushed the entire cemetery to the ground. After these executions, the Northern Special Battalion was replaced by Zaarin as Ven Hermans, and it is believed that this was the beginning of the new Solovets era of rule of law. But so is the new age.In the summer of 1930 dozens of "sectarians" were taken to Solovets.These people reject everything from the Antichrist: they refuse to receive any documents and passports, they refuse to sign any paperwork, and they refuse to take money in their hands.Headed among them was an eighty-year-old man with a white beard, blind, and with a long cane.Every sensible person can clearly see that these sectarians cannot enter socialism anyway, because entering this society requires a lot of dealing with various documents, so it is best to let them die.So they were sent to Little Hare Island.This is the smallest of the Solovets Islands, sandy, treeless, and deserted except for a summer hut where a former fishing monk lived.The authorities said that they could be given two months' rations, but there was one condition: each sect member must sign on the form.Naturally they refused.That's when the restless Anna Skripnikova intervened.Regardless of how young she was at the time, and the age of the Soviet regime at that time, she was already in prison for the fourth time.She was negotiating between the accounting office, dispatched workers, and the labor battalion commander who was implementing a humanitarian management system.At first they begged to be merciful to these sectarians, and then they begged to be sent to Hare Island with the sectarians, and to be appointed as bookkeeper, who would be responsible for their daily food distribution and all accounts.This seemed to have nothing to do with the labor camp system, but it was still rejected.Anna shouted: "But you don't ask for signatures for rations for madmen!" Zaarin just laughed, and the dispatcher replied: "Maybe it was an order from Moscow...we don't understand..." (this is of course Moscow Who else dares to take this responsibility?) As a result, he was sent to the island without any food.After two months (exactly two months, because it was time to go to the island to persuade them to sign for the next two months of rations), people boarded the Hare Island by boat, only to find their pecked and mutilated corpses .All were there, and none escaped. Now, in the sixties of our great century, who is to be held accountable? However, Kong Lin was removed shortly thereafter because he made a liberal mistake (like a ten-year sentence). The appearance of the Solovitz labor camp has gradually changed since the end of the 1920s.From a silent trap for doomed counter-revolutionaries, it became more and more a labor camp for ordinary people, which was new for the time and old for us now.The number of "particularly dangerous elements among the working people" in the country has increased dramatically.Ordinary criminals and scoundrels were sent to the island in large numbers.Veteran thieves and first-time pickpockets came to Solovitz's land.The camps here are flooded with a torrent of pickpockets and whores. (When they met at Keme transit station, the former shouted to the latter: "We steal, but we don't sell ourselves!" The latter also answered them loudly: "What we sell is our own, not stolen. !") because the fight against prostitution was announced (of course not in the newspapers) throughout the country.The major cities arrested prostitutes and sentenced them to three years according to the uniform standard. Many of them were sent to the Solovets Islands.Theoretically speaking, it is clear that legitimate labor will soon transform them.But I don't know why they always cling to their lowly social occupations. On the way to escort, they will ask to wipe the floor of the escort team's barracks, taking the opportunity to seduce the Red Army soldiers and destroy the escort service regulations.It's also easy for them to make friends with the watchmen, though not for free.In Solovitz, where there is a shortage of women, they are better accommodated.They were allocated the best dormitories, and clothes and gifts were brought to them every day. The "nuns" and other female counter-revolutionaries embroidered their undershirts in order to earn a little money from them.After serving their sentences, they carried suitcases full of satin more ostentatiously than ever before; they set off across the Soviet Union to start their legitimate lives. The male thieves started a business of gambling cards here, while the female pickpockets thought that the most beneficial thing in Solovets was to have children; labor. (Women counter-revolutionaries before them never walked this path.) On March 12, 1929, the first batch of juvenile criminals came to Solovets, and they have been sent continuously since then (all under the age of sixteen).At first they were placed in a children's institution near the Acropolis.There are those wooden beds and mattresses for facade mentioned above.They hid the clothes issued by the government, and yelled that they could not go to work without clothes.Later, even these little guys were sent to work in the forest farm.Some of them fled from there, and some faked their names and sentences, but they were caught and tracked down. With the arrival of good-quality prisoners, the Culture and Education Department immediately cheered up.He vigorously called for the eradication of illiteracy (but thieves would recognize "hearts" and "plum blossoms"), and hung up a banner: "Prisoners are active participants in socialist construction!" Even invented a term: " Forging again". (It was invented here!) It was already September of 1930, and the Party Central Committee issued a call to all workers to launch a competition and assault movement. How could the prisoners stay out of it? (Since free men everywhere are pulling carts, shouldn't criminals be allowed to drive?) The sources we quote below are not from living people, but from the masterpieces of jurist Avelbach, so readers are advised to divide them by sixteen, divide them by two hundred and fifty-six, and sometimes even prefix them with negative. In the autumn of 1930, the Solovitz Socialist Competition and Assault Workers' Movement Headquarters was established.Heinous recidivists, murderers, and robbers suddenly became "financial economic workers, skilled technical instructors, and capable cultural workers." （安德列夫回忆：他们惯于冲着你的脸吼叫："给我交出木方来，你这反革命！"）小偷和强盗们刚一读完党中央的号召，马上丢掉手里的尖刀和纸牌，心急火燎地要求建立公社。他们在章程上写着：公社社员的社会出身必须是贫农、中农和工人（需要说一句：在登记分配料的名册上，盗窃犯的出身一概写为"前工人"--舍普钦斯基的口号"索洛维茨为工农服务！"差不多变成了现实），"五十八条"绝对不能入社。 （社员们还提出了一项建议：把他们的刑期全部加在一起，再除以他们的人数，算出一个平均刑期。服满这个刑期后，全体同时释放！尽管这项建议体现了共产主义精神，但契卡人员认为它在政治上是不成熟的。）索洛维茨公社的口号是："向工人阶级偿还欠债！"还有一个比这更精彩的："献出全部，不要分毫！"（这是一个已经完全成熟的口号，大概是值得在全苏普及的。）对于犯了错误的社员，他们想出了这样一种惨无人道的惩罚办法：禁止这些人出工！ （对于小偷们，恐怕我不出比这更严厉的惩罚了！！） 不过索洛维茨的行政长官们并不像文教工作者那样头脑发热，他们并不过分信赖小偷们的积极性，而是相反地采用了列宁主义的原则："突击工作--突击供给"！这意思就是把全体社员们迁入单独的宿舍，在那里他们得到较软的床铺，较暖和的衣服，单独开火，吃得比较好（当然是牺牲其他犯人的利益）。社员们对这些非常满意，为了使所有的社员都能留在社里，他们走下了一个人也不开除的规矩。 非社员们也很喜欢这样的公社，他们全部申请加入。但是上级决定不接受他们入社，而是建立第二、第三、第四个"劳动集体"，它们已经享受不到上述的全部优待。但任何一个集体也都不要"五十八条"，尽管那些最放肆的流氓无赖们也总在小报上教训"五十八条"们说："现在是你们该懂得我们的营是一个劳动学校的时候了！" 一篇篇的报告用飞机送到古拉格：索洛维茨的奇迹！盗窃犯态度的急剧转变！罪恶世界的激情转化为突击、竞赛和完成生产财务计划的动力！上头看了不胜惊讶，马上把这里的实验结果广为传播。 从此索洛维茨就开始这样生活了：一部分编入"劳动集体"，他们完成任务的百分数不是简单地提高，而是成倍地增长！（文教科用集体的影响解释取得这个成绩的原因。可是我们知道这不过是"图赫他"--劳动营里玩惯了的虚报产量的把戏。） 另一部分是"无组织的"（也就是吃不饱的，穿不暖的，干重活的），很容易理解，他们总是完不成劳动定额。 一九三一年二月的索洛维茨突击队代表会议决定："用社会主义劳动竞赛的壮阔浪潮来回答资本家关于苏联强迫劳动的谰言。"三月，突击队已经发展到一百二十三个。可是在四月间忽然要求它们实行总清洗，因为"阶级异己分子钻进了集体，以便从内部进行瓦解。"（果真是个谜："五十八条"一个也没有让参加，是谁在瓦解它们？恐怕是因为虚报产量的事露了馅。只顾吃喝玩乐，一算帐，砸了锅，只好拉出几个来打屁股，好让别人能继续混下去。） 在欢乐的喧哗声后面，进行着解送犯人的无声的工作："五十八条"们正脱离原生的索洛维茨肿瘤，被送到辽远而凶险的地带，去开辟新的劳改营。 听说一艘（又一艘？）运犯人的超载驳船沉没了（又是偶然的？）。 可是某些犯人从安泽尔被单个地、秘密地带出去。警卫人员都奇怪：这是什么神秘的犯人？ 读者，请您打开俄国极北地区的地图。从索洛维茨群岛去西伯利亚的海路要经过新地岛。以破冰船打头的船队每年一次（六月一七月）开往西伯利亚，运去犯人和各劳改营一年的口粮。很多年在新地岛上也有劳改营，那是最可怕的--因为落到这里来的人是"没有通信权"的。从来没有一个犯人从这里回去过。这些苦命人在那里开采和建设了什么，怎么活的，怎么死的--这些今天我们都还不知道。 但总有一天我们能等到证言！