Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Salvage

In the month after AJA4301 crashed in Tokyo Bay, the diving team and salvage ships of the Maritime Self-Defense Force worked around the clock, salvaging 12 bodies and all the wreckage of the fuselage except the fourth engine.After a period of strenuous search, the remaining twenty-six corpses and the fourth engine were still not found. Search stalled.The Coast Guard used underwater cameras and underwater acoustic detectors to search for the victims and the fourth trigger.Since the crash site is a deep water area, seaplanes must be dispatched to search the sea.Due to the turbidity of the seabed sludge, these "new weapons" that took a lot of effort to get have to be sighed.

In Tokyo Bay, it has been stormy for several days.The harsh weather has brought great difficulties to the search and rescue work. After continuous day and night searches, the divers were extremely tired and fell ill one after another.The crew, known as the "man of the sea", exhausted their physical strength to the limit.Almost all the crew members who participated in the salvage suffered from colds and nervous gastritis to varying degrees.If this continues, there will be a large number of downsizing.It won't be long before "the whole army is wiped out." At the initial stage of salvage, the Zhuzhi trestle bridge was crowded with relatives and friends of the victims.As the body salvage work draws to a close, the number of people staying on the Zhushiba trestle gradually decreases.Those who still insist on patronizing today are some family members who have not yet salvaged the remains of the victims.

During this period, Yukiko "attends work" every day.Despite the biting sea breeze and the continuous rainstorm, we arrived at the trestle bridge on time.How she wished she could participate in the search in person, how she wished she could lift her husband's familiar body from the sea with her own hands. ——My husband, who has spent a month in the sea, is perhaps shivering from the cold?Although standing on the trestle bridge can't play any role, the distance between her and her husband seems to be getting closer, and she seems to feel her husband's pulse beating violently.

On the days when Zhanqiao missed her husband, she got to know the families of other air crash victims.But Yukiko felt that she was a family member of the ANA staff who died, and she always felt ashamed and ashamed to be in this special big family. The remains of the crew members have all been salvaged.Only the deceased staff member of ANA, her husband, is still missing. As the family members of ANA's air crash employees, of course, they cannot make such or such excessive demands on the company like other family members.As the widow of a passenger and a company employee, it is difficult to express one's point of view in such a public place.

Every day on the trestle bridge, either silently or staring blankly at the sea. The middle section of the fuselage, the empennage, the third engine, part of the main wing, the first engine, the second engine, the root of the main wing, and the nose section were salvaged one after another. The "All Nippon Airways Plane Crash Cause Investigation Team" appointed by the government, with the assistance of the Search and Rescue Headquarters jointly composed of the Coast Guard, the Tokyo District Prosecutor's Office and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, began to transport the plane to the Haneda Airport ANA warehouse. The wreckage of AJA4301, launched a detailed and rigorous investigation and evidence collection.

At the same time, the engineer team of the Sprudeau Aircraft Manufacturing Company of the United States and the aviation safety supervision and investigation officer of the Civil Aviation Commission of the United States flew to Japan on the same plane.As members of the investigation team, they participated in the investigation of the cause of the accident together. In the huge warehouse that looks like an open-air playground, there are countless debris such as the nose, main wing, mid-body, tail, and landing gear, everywhere, and even the corridors are full of piles. The investigation team connected the wreckage fragments and conducted investigations.

After forensic analysis, the investigation team reached a consensus with the search and rescue headquarters, and the conclusions are as follows. 1. The condition of the fuselage at the submarine site: On February 10, at a depth of 32 meters at a depth of 12.6 kilometers to the east of the Haneda light mark, the pilot's seat, the middle section of the fuselage, the main wing and the tail were found successively.These wreckage fragments were scattered in the sea in a reverse state from Chiba towards Haneda. The above-mentioned wreckage fragments were salvaged for two days starting from February 12th.

2. Condition of salvaged fuselage: The plane was broken into six large pieces: nose, tail, two main wings and two middle pieces of fuselage.Although the two pieces of fuselage wreckage have been broken into pieces, they can still be combined together.Tail, intact.The lower part of the nose is S-shaped.Thousands of red and white wires hang on the outside of the fuselage like a big unresolved mess. 3. Instrument status: The main instruments of the instrument group are the instruments used by the captain's seat and the instruments used by the mechanic. 1.The status of the instrument panel used by the captain’s seat: (1) Only the horsepower value of the fourth engine is displayed, which is abnormally low; (2) The switch for the engine is on the upper side of the instrument panel, which controls the replenishment pipeline of fuel and lubricating oil.The outer end of the switch is equipped with a signal light.When a fire or other abnormal situation occurs in a certain engine, the signal light marked with the engine number will flash immediately.Only the changeover switch of the fourth engine has traces of being disassembled and dragged at the end; (3) Only the start lever of the fourth engine faces down, in the position between start and stop; (4) The antifreeze instrument and storage (5) The landing light switch was in the off state (at 19:00:30 on the day of the accident, the dispatcher of the air traffic control station issued an instruction to the aircraft to turn on the landing lights ).

2.The status of the instrument panel used by the mechanic: (1) The temperature instrument switch of the first engine is in the open state; (2) the oxygen adjustment switch is in the normal state; (4) The guide instrument showing the flight direction, the pointer points to 270 degrees (that is, the direction to the west), indicating that the aircraft is flying in the direction of Haneda.However, due to the impact during the fall, the instrument pointer may appear to be abnormally spinning.Therefore, it cannot be judged solely from the status quo; 3.The clock inside the driver's seat pointed to nineteen five minutes and twelve seconds and was in a stopped state.However, at 18:59 over Chiba, the plane sent a signal to Tokyo Air Traffic Control to request a landing.It doesn't take six minutes and twelve seconds of flight time from Chiba to the crash site.Therefore, when the plane crashed into the sea, it may have struggled for a while.

It can be seen that the time displayed by the clock does not represent the time when the plane crashed. All in all, the glass of the instrumentation system is cracked and shattered.Due to the impact and the immersion of seawater, all the instrument pointers may appear to spin wildly.Therefore, the value currently displayed on the instrument is difficult to become an entry point for analyzing the cause of the accident. 4. Cabin condition: The window glass from the rear of the fuselage to the left wing is intact.However, there is a crack between the right wing and the tail of the fuselage, that is, between the 26F seat and the front row 25F seat; there is a crack at the bottom of the 24F seat.The surface decoration of the interior has some traces of being burnt.All seats are tilted towards the front left and the front right.

5. Status of the tail: the elevator of the tail horizontal wing is facing upwards.The rudder is tilted thirty degrees to the left, which means turning to the left.The crushing of the main body and the compression of the cross-section, both were slammed by the left wing.The scattered state of the wreckage of the fuselage is to withdraw eastward.That is to say, the whole fuselage is either horizontal or the tail is slightly downward and left-leaning and crashes in the sea. 6. Engine condition: 1.Condition of the first engine (left wing): The main body is firmly attached to the main wing by tapered bolts, the bolts are not broken.The casing on the side of the engine has longitudinal cracks. When the engine came into contact with the water surface, due to the excessive impact force, longitudinal cracks appeared in the part of the engine affected by the impact.The casing of the main body of the engine, with cracks and cracks. Furthermore, the gear transmission case and the fuel injection piping device at the lower end of the engine are in a twisted state.This state is formed due to the impact during the fall.The blades and air input rectifying plate in the internal compression device basically remained the same, proving that no explosion had occurred. 2.Condition of the second engine: The main body is firmly fixed to the main wing by tapered bolts. The degree of damage is about the same as that of the first engine. No trace of explosion is found. 3.Condition of third engine (right wing): The main body is securely fastened to the main wing by tapered bolts and is intact.The main body basically remains the original shape, and the mechanical part of the fuel system is attached to the engine intact.The air rectifying plate at the front end of the engine is not damaged.Only the exhaust hole at the rear end of the engine was slightly damaged, and there were no signs of explosion or burning. 4.Condition of the fourth engine: The three tapered bolts A, B, and C, which fasten the engine body to the main wing, have broken.These bolts broke off, causing the engine body to separate from the main wing, which has not yet been found. A and B tapered bolts are all fixed on the upper and lower holes on the front side of the engine body.But the rubber gasket on the upper hole is still there.There are three impact marks on the upper end of the bolt bearing frame.At the lower end of the frame, there are five scratch marks.It can be seen that the fourth engine is not suddenly separated from the main wing. 7. Status of the remains of the victims: The victims: 129 passengers and 9 crew members.Composition of passengers: 86 group passengers and 43 individual passengers.Crew status: Captain, co-pilot, mechanic, radio operator, purser and four female flight attendants. Remains of the passengers: Except for 12 who were slightly injured by the fire, the rest were almost all brain fractures, but the degree of injury was not serious, and they basically kept their original shape.When they were pulled out of the water, their faces were all drunk red, without any panicked look, and they seemed to be still alive.While being lifted out of the water, all the remains sprayed nosebleeds due to changes in water pressure.Most of the remains of women in suits were violently impacted and soaked in seawater when they came into contact with the water, and the underwear and underwear on their lower bodies no longer existed. During the investigation and evidence collection, a particularly careful inspection and careful analysis were carried out on the breakage of the fixing bolt of the fourth engine on the upper wing (the fourth engine has not been salvaged).Judging from the appearance of the fracture, the broken fixing bolt has no signs of aging and automatic disconnection. Based on the above situation, the investigation team tentatively made the following speculation: the fourth engine was automatically disengaged due to the violent impact of the plane crashing into the sea. However, among the members of the investigation team, some people raised different opinions.He believes that there are major doubts about the part that fixes the fourth engine and the broken fixing bolts. The member of the investigation team, named Yoshimura Kentaro, is a young and energetic assistant officer with strong analytical skills in the Ministry of Aviation of the People's Republic of China.But he is also the one who sits on the bench in the ministry.This time, he was "thrown" into an investigation team composed of senior scientific and technical personnel such as university professors and engineers from large-scale enterprises.The Ministry of Aviation of the People's Republic of China is mainly responsible for the investigation of the cause of the accident. As the responsible department, it undoubtedly has a close relationship with the airline that crashed the plane.Therefore, the main body of the investigation team must be composed of senior scientific and technical personnel. In order to find the cause of the accident, the members of the investigation team took up the esoteric "theory stick" one after another.From an academic level, analyze and discuss the cause of the plane crash.Standing next to a large group of theorists and scientists, Yoshimura Kentaro seems to be a lot shorter. But he was fearless, daring to make simple and unadorned claims. "The various circumstances of the rudder, the damage to the main part of the fuselage and the scattered state of the fuselage wreckage indicate that the left wing of the aircraft was the first to fall into the sea before the rest. In the case of the four engines on the main wing, the first to fall into the sea, The first engine to be hit should be the first engine and the second engine on the left wing. However, the preliminary conclusion of the investigation team is that the fourth engine disengaged automatically and seemed to be blown away by the wind. So what is the reason?" His question is contrary to the leading opinion of the investigation team. "The detachment of the engine and the twisting of the rudder have fully demonstrated that it is too hasty to rush to conclusions, or at least it is inappropriate." he said again. It is the customary practice of the investigation team to rush to such vague conclusions.Investigating the causes of aircraft accidents is often subjective reasoning and imagination.Because the authorities need to argue for a long time, it leads to a lot of financial and energy consumption, and the final conclusion often returns to the original ambiguous "hypothetical speculation". However, the team of engineers sent by the US Sprudeau Aircraft Manufacturing Company couldn't wait to boast at the beginning of the investigation: the design and structure of the aircraft were perfect in all aspects, and there were no defects.And asserted arbitrarily: the plane crash was due to the carelessness of the pilot. In the case of manufacturing, such a claim is justifiable.However, most of the authorities in the investigation team didn't know right from wrong, barking at each other.As a result, Yoshimura, who is fond of sticking to the truth and going his own way, was angered. From 1959 to 1960, jet aircraft appeared in the international aviation industry like lightning, and they sprung up all over the world. If it is called "the first revolution of jet aircraft", then the rapid development and mass introduction of today's jet aircraft and supersonic aircraft ushered in the era of low-cost air transportation, it can be called "the second revolution of jet aircraft". revolution". Almost at the same time when international routes entered the era of giant supersonic speeds, "Airbus" debuted before domestic routes. As the name suggests, large buses flying in the air greatly increase the amount of passengers transported by cheap freight and greatly shorten the space. distance. So far, while realizing the long-cherished wish of flying to New York, ANA has adopted a flexible principle of mutual concessions, allowing a large number of large American airlines to enter the Pacific route, which has always been regarded as the biggest cash cow by ANA.In a sense, it is a last resort in order to obtain permission for the new rules of the Pacific route. Air traffic in the Pacific region has grown by leaps and bounds in the past decade and is changing with each passing day.Passenger carrying capacity will increase by 5.6 times on the original basis; cargo carrying capacity will increase by 14 times on the original basis.At the same time, the world aviation industry is also growing simultaneously.Passenger carrying capacity increased by 2.7 times; cargo carrying capacity increased by four times.On the main international aviation route, the air traffic volume in the Pacific region occupies the first place, which greatly stimulates the desire of various airlines to request to enter this route. Despite this, the number of weekly flights between Japan and the United States is only 110 flights for the total number of airlines in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The international route between Europe and America is called transatlantic.There are more than 900 flights per week.Relatively speaking, among the many international routes, the flight frequency of the Pacific route is rare, but it is very precious. On this route, ANA has an absolute advantage.Passenger volume and cargo volume accounted for 37.6% and 37% of the total volume of this route respectively.Among the airlines, it is like standing out from the crowd and ranking first. In terms of sales on this route, it accounts for more than 50% of ANA's international shipping industry revenue, and is regarded as the "lifeline" of ANA. At the beginning of the Pacific route, all the airlines in the United States were scrambling to get in.Some airlines that have been accepted successively have already predicted this large potential market.These large airlines, with their strong capital strength and large number of aircraft, opened the prelude to the dramatic increase in the number of Pacific flights. The leader of the air transportation revolution - the giant supersonic aircraft, came into being and made its debut, fundamentally shaking the foundation of ANA's claim to be the leader in the Pacific route. Furthermore, ANA's powerful competitors - first-class European international airlines such as France, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain, are also eyeing the Pacific route. An unprecedented "international air battle" is about to begin in the Pacific air domain centered on Tokyo. As All Nippon Airlines, it is unwilling to see the tragic ending of handing over.While maintaining the king, it is necessary to stick to the original dominant position and the "lifeline" of the company. The leaders of ANA linked the increase of new flights, the opening of new routes, and the introduction of new aircraft, and formulated organic and specific countermeasures. In the "New Five-Year Plan" published in early 1970, Trinity's countermeasures were described in detail, which fully demonstrated the company's confidence and ambition to establish itself on the Pacific route forever. Then came the era of "supersonic" aviation.In the 1970s, with the massive increase of giant aircraft, the "flower pattern in the sky" opened up by supersonic airliners is coming. The Kukurudo aircraft, jointly developed by Britain and France, is today's top supersonic aviation tool.The speed of the aircraft is about 2,500 kilometers per hour (the speed of sound reaches 1,500 kilometers).Then, they jointly developed the Boeing 2707 aircraft, whose speed exceeded 3,100 kilometers per hour.These two models, no matter which one broke the original speed of sound. If this supersonic aircraft joins the Pacific route, it will take about six hours to travel between Tokyo and Los Angeles, which is about half the time required for the current voyage.It can be seen that it is feasible to travel from Japan to the United States on the same day.Based on this calculation, a hypersonic aircraft carrying more than 1,000 passengers and flying at a speed of more than 7,500 kilometers per hour is very likely to come out around the Showa 1960s. Facing the background of the coming era, various airlines aim to establish a "global eight-hour flight system" and show great enthusiasm for the introduction of cutting-edge aircraft.The so-called "world's eight-hour flight system", that is, to fly to any major city in the world, the flight time shall not exceed eight hours.Major American airlines have placed orders with aircraft manufacturers, ordering as many as twenty-five supersonic planes, in order to maintain their leading position in the international aviation industry.The reserved funds for these planes amounted to as much as 1.7 billion U.S. dollars, which is the largest investment in the international aviation industry.It is said that in order to maintain a leading position in fierce competition forever, these airlines are increasing funds and increasing the number of orders for cutting-edge aircraft on the basis of the original ones. In order to maintain its upstream position in the aviation international business war, ANA has formulated a five-year plan.And decided to introduce seven giant supersonic passenger planes, ten large supersonic passenger planes, ten and eight ordinary supersonic passenger planes. Needless to say, the huge order of All Nippon Airways has caused friction and struggle among various aircraft manufacturing companies. First of all, the American Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company and Sprudo Corporation.Secondly, it is the British Makusimilia Aircraft Manufacturing Company.Furthermore, it is the French Tasso Airukuru Aircraft Manufacturing Company. After a life-and-death competition of price, performance and political power, what remains are the two most competitive American companies.One is the Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company and the other is the Sprudo Corporation. The purchase price of a new type of jet aircraft is more than 10 billion yen.Among some of the top corporate groups in the world's aviation industry, All Nippon Airways ranks among the top in terms of the amount of orders placed.As an aircraft manufacturer, if it can get an order from All Nippon Airways, it will bring huge profits and drive for corporate development.For this reason, the prelude to a commercial war without gunpowder was opened between the two American manufacturing industries.After a period of "fighting", it is still close to equal, and the outcome is unpredictable. Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has developed the A300 series of supersonic airbuses aimed at high-speed and super-large models.There are four types of passenger planes in this series, which can carry 250 to 400 people.No matter which model, the speed exceeds 2,500 kilometers per hour, and it can cross the Pacific Ocean. Currently flying in the sky, there are TU114 and Kunku Luduo supersonic aircraft.The fuselage material is the titanium alloy of the spacecraft.The (SST) supersonic aircraft, which is still in the experimental stage, uses duralumin alloy for speed control as its fuselage material.Comparing the two, the former belongs to the regular model. In terms of giant aircraft, the MC-50 has been developed, which is more advanced than the types currently flying in the air. The MC-50 giant aircraft, equipped with various equipment and further automation, is known as the third-generation cutting-edge airliner and can land completely automatically.In terms of material selection and fuselage structure, the safety performance is extremely high based on the idea of ​​being as foolproof as possible.The only disadvantage is that the fuselage shape is slightly thinner than the S1111 model mentioned later; it is not as good as other high-performance aircraft in terms of speed increase and cabin comfort. Relatively speaking, the S1001 supersonic airliner provided by Sprudeau Aircraft Manufacturing Company can accommodate more than 500 passengers at a time, with a speed of 3,000 kilometers per hour.The speed and passenger capacity of this aircraft far exceed the A-300 passenger aircraft manufactured by Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company.The only downside, the delivery time is relatively late. In terms of supersonic aircraft, the Sprudo company, which has a relatively late delivery time, has already manufactured a super-jumbo aircraft that can carry 699 passengers. The model is the Sprudo S1111 model. This model is on par with the MC-50 aircraft.Moreover, Sprudo is still improving and improving towards a more modern direction. For this reason, the Sprudo Aircraft Manufacturing Company, which holds the S1111 model, is ambitious and full of energy in this competition.Although the aircraft is similar to the MC-50 in terms of its own weight, passenger capacity, and performance, it is quite different from the MC-50 aircraft in terms of internal design concepts. The engine adopts a unique triple-shaft turbofan engine.The engine is a JB411 engine manufactured by Yingguruhato Engine Manufacturing Company.The engine is highly efficient, has high user feedback and a solid reputation. In order to improve equipment automation and safety and reliability, all standard sizes are used.Certain parts are also interchangeable.There is no need to disassemble other parts when replacing.The replacement operation is very convenient and simple. Among the thousand parts that can be replaced, more than 90% can be replaced in only one hour.An engine swap takes only three hours.Almost all parts that need to be repaired can be carried out from the outside without disassembly.To sum up, the safety and reliability of this model is many times better than the current aircraft. Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company, significantly reduced the sale price of A-300 and MC-50.Sprudo Aircraft Manufacturing Company also significantly reduced the selling price of S1001 and S1111.The two companies competed to cut prices and went all out, hoping to make a deal with ANA. The Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company sells a supersonic airliner.The Sprudeau Aircraft Manufacturing Company sells jumbo airliners.Judging from the models selected by All Nippon Airways so far, the possibility of ordering from the two companies is evenly divided. Acting as "pawns" and "vanguards" for these two manufacturing industries are super-large trading companies affiliated to the two major consortiums in Japan.In terms of enterprise scale and sales, both "Chiyoda Trading Company" and "Central Trading Company" are among the best. The agent of Kurusa Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is Chiyoda Tsusho Corporation. The agency of Sprudo Aircraft Manufacturing Company is Chuo Trading Company. The two trading companies launched an international air business war at the entrance of All Nippon Airways. Due to the desperate competition between the two agencies, it is easy to escalate and cause political problems.For this reason, ANA temporarily suspended the operation of "open award". Another fuse of the international air commercial war is the accident of the Sprudo 808 aircraft. Even if a model completely different from the 808 is introduced, as long as it is a product of the Sprudeau company, people will always feel uneasy. The feeling, especially cast a shadow on the leaders of All Nippon Airways who chose the model. Compared with the modernization of performance and equipment, the safety of the aircraft is the primary selection condition.No matter how fast you fly or how automated your equipment is, a crash can be fatal.What's more, the Sprudo 808 aircraft is the one that crashed this time.This model is in the same series as the giant S1111 aircraft.Despite the conditions stated in the tender, Sprudeau Aircraft was slightly superior to Kulusa Aircraft.However, the crash of the 808 aircraft has undoubtedly greatly discounted the products of the Sprudo Aircraft Manufacturing Company. In a sense, the crashed Type 808 aircraft and the flower-shaped aircraft that had a slight advantage in the bidding are "brothers" of the same series.As far as the choice of aircraft type is concerned, subtle changes have taken place within ANA.The balance began to tilt towards the Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company. In fact, the situation did not go entirely against Sprudeau Aircraft Corporation.If the investigation results of the cause of the accident were caused by reasons other than the structure of the aircraft, Sprudeau Aircraft Manufacturing Company would not have to "blame the blame".In the case of Sprudeau, it was necessary to find a way to attribute the cause of the accident to the pilot's insensitivity or other human factors. On the contrary, the Kulusa Aircraft Manufacturing Company insisted that the crash of the 808 aircraft was caused by an unreasonable structure.The agents of the two aircraft manufacturing companies in Japan, Chiyoda Tsusho Corporation and Chuo Trading Company, are extremely concerned about the direction of the investigation into the cause of the accident, which is also reasonable. Model 808, a flower-shaped jetliner for international flights, was purchased for several billion yen.Under the shadow of the crash of the plane and the 138 air crashes, the two major consortiums launched a fictitious "war to win the bid" with each other for the huge interests of their respective companies.