Chapter 13 4. Sunshine has a good curative effect

Next, let’s talk about the influence. The influence of the Enlightenment is actually manifested in three points. First, draw a blueprint and describe the kingdom of rationality in the future.We know that it is easy to break an old order, but it is difficult to establish a new one.For example, the Renaissance may be more on the broken level, while the Enlightenment is mainly on the vertical level.The separation of powers, the theory of social contract, and the theory of popular sovereignty, if these methods are persisted, the country will be able to enjoy long-term stability.The development of history for hundreds of years has also proved this point.Therefore, this Enlightenment thought, firstly, depicts the blueprint of the future kingdom of reason.

Second, the impact on the French Revolution.It had an impact on the French Revolution. Why was the French Revolution so large?Why is it so magnificent and ups and downs?The reason lies in the thorough influence of Enlightenment thought on it. The third is the impact on China, Japan and other Asian countries.This is the most obvious. For example, what is the most obvious influence of the Enlightenment in modern China?The anti-feudal Revolution of 1911.Today, the national flags of many countries or major countries in the world are composed of three colors: red, white and blue. These three colors are used the most because they symbolize freedom, equality and fraternity. Spirit, the spirit of the Revolution.You can see that the national flags of France, the Netherlands, Serbia, and Russia are red, white, and blue. Luxembourg is also red, white, and blue, but there are horizontal ones and vertical ones. There are red, white, blue, white, blue, and red colors. , colored light point.You see, the flag of the United Kingdom has three colors, red, white and blue. The United States is also the same, including the blue sky, white sun and red everywhere in the Republic of China. It is still composed of these three colors. Why?It symbolizes freedom, equality, and fraternity, which is the spirit of the French Revolution.

During the Enlightenment, the capitalist economy developed. First of all, manufactures. The main form of production organization in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century was manual labor for the purpose of producing commodities on the basis of division of labor, which was the definition of manufactory. Secondly, the handicraft workers in the period of factory handicraft industry, or manual workers are not the proletariat in the modern sense.They feel that the oppression from the autocratic dynasty and the contradiction between the bourgeoisie are not obvious, but together with the peasants and the urban poor constitute the main force of the bourgeois revolution.For example, in France, the most typical country, both the worker and his boss belong to the third class, and what he feels is the oppression of the king is the most obvious.Manufacture, which is an industry, we want to talk about the development of rural capitalism, farmers as the representative of capitalist development, one is the British model - the enclosure movement, and the other is the French - allocating land to farmers.The land enclosure movement in Britain is "a typical capitalist mode of production, which separates laborers from the means of production, that is, farmers lose their land, instead of combining the two and distributing land to farmers."That is to say, in fact, the land enclosure movement in the UK established the most typical capitalist agricultural production mode, driving farmers away from the land, separating them from the means of production, and having nothing but selling their labor for a living, so this is a typical capitalist mode of production.Looking at France on the other hand, France has allocated land to farmers. In fact, farmers are fixed on the land. Once farmers are fixed on the land, they form the most typical mode of agricultural production in France, which is the formation of capitalist small farmers. Economically, this is obviously not conducive to industrial development.

The ideas of the Enlightenment also influenced the independence movement in Latin America and the feudal countries in Asia.After independence, Latin America cannot be compared with the United States and North America.One is due to different economic bases.It turns out that the United Kingdom ruled North America. It is a capitalist economy. Its political system is like a governor and a parliament, which is also a British-style political system.The "two teeth (Spain and Portugal)" ruled Latin America, and the "two teeth" were feudal countries, feudal autocracy politically, and large feudal plantations economically, so generally speaking, after the colonial countries became independent, they It will only copy the ruling model of the suzerain country. Like the United States, it moved the United Kingdom, while Latin America can only move "two teeth".Therefore, after independence, Latin American countries are basically oligarchy dictatorships politically. Although they are republics, they are actually military dictatorships. In addition, the War of Independence was fought by soldiers, so there will be no people like Washington. Economically, the feudal large plantation still retains the slave system, which is very typical.This is the Latin America we introduced.The first independent country in the Americas was the United States, and the first independent country in Latin America was Haiti.The United States is the most developed country in the world, but Haiti is the poorest.Haiti is one of the 14 least developed countries announced by the United Nations, and our Chinese police are there to maintain peace.See what the Haitians eat?Eat cakes made with soil, and it’s 8 dollars per dollar. I have never eaten soil cakes, and I don’t want to eat them. If you eat soil, that stuff, you might lose your life. How does soil digest it? You’re not an ant. , nor earthworms.Look at America, look at Haiti, French Haiti, how well you're going to live under French rule.Today you are a French citizen, and you feel great. On the days when there is red wine and bread on the table, you don’t like it. You go to eat clay cakes, isn’t that what you do?We have to admit that the invasion of Western countries has indeed brought us serious disasters, and now we also admit that objectively it has spread civilization to us.

The countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America that achieved national independence are Latin America. No Where Argument altar There is another characteristic of its success, because its opponents are better, Spain and Portugal.During the Napoleonic Wars, the Bourbon dynasty in Spain was overthrown. Napoleon sent his brother to Spain as king, and the Braganza dynasty in Portugal went into exile in Brazil. When Brazil saw you, you still ruled me. The exile came here, so it was especially interesting afterwards.The Napoleonic War failed and the Braganza dynasty was restored. The king returned to Portugal and left his prince Pedro as the regent of Brazil. The prince declared Brazil's independence.After independence, he should be the crown prince, and he should go back to inherit the Portuguese throne, no more, no more, declare independence, and establish the Brazilian Empire, which is the Emperor Pedro I of the Brazilian Empire.The Portuguese prince declared the independence of Brazil, which is very interesting.So it can only copy those things from the suzerain country.