Chapter 5 4. The Green Bud Festival of Revival is open

In order to develop capitalism, besides money, the key is to remove obstacles in thought, so there is the second major event—the Renaissance!This Renaissance is also related to the opening of new sea routes.Only when people go on expeditions can new sea routes be opened up. The Renaissance is earlier than the opening of new sea routes, which is equivalent to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties in my country.The era in which Dante lived was the Yuan Dynasty in China. The Renaissance took place in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century. The emerging bourgeoisie launched a movement to promote bourgeois ideology and culture in the name of revival of Greek and Roman classical culture.Originated in Italy, a few key words: the emerging bourgeoisie, and then launched in the name of the revival of Greek and Roman classical culture.

According to our Chinese language, this belongs to the transformation of the ancient system. "Confucius Restructuring" (14 "Confucius Restructuring", one of Kang Youwei's main theoretical works during the reform period of the Reform Movement of 1898, has 21 volumes and about 340,000 words. Refer to the Western bourgeois evolution theory to create public opinion for its reform.), written by Kang Youwei.Kang Youwei wanted to reform the law and was under great pressure, what should he do?We are all disciples of Confucius, the sage Confucius advocated.At that time, the rise of bourgeois culture in this renaissance period was also under great pressure.Because the bourgeoisie is being formed, I will use the banner of revival of Greek and Roman culture, but this is not the real revival of Greek and Roman culture, but the rise of bourgeois culture.

Thus we know the nature of the Renaissance. First of all it originated in Italy.One is that the germ of capitalism first appeared in Italy, where capitalism developed first, that is to say, it is possible that its bourgeoisie was formed first; the other is that Italy retained more of the classical culture of Greece and Rome.The number of human cultural heritage in China ranks third or fourth in the world, and Italy ranks first. There are only two cities in China as human cultural heritage, Lijiang in Yunnan, Pingyao in Shanxi, and four in the United States. There are four cities in the United States. Because the style and features of the 17th and 18th centuries are well preserved, it is a human cultural heritage of the United Nations. , we only have two cities, you can say that the Great Wall is, the Forbidden City is, and the Summer Palace is, can you say that Beijing is?Is the big glass marble a cultural heritage of mankind?Are iron pants a cultural heritage of mankind?Beijing no longer looks like an ancient capital.But in those ancient cities in Italy, like the ancient city of Florence, everything is exactly the same as in Leonardo da Vinci's time.Rome is even more terrible. If someone casually mentions something, it is almost equivalent to something from the Han Dynasty or even the Warring States Period in China.For example, this is the Temple of Fire, which is about 2,000 years old; this is a pantheon, which was in the time of Octavian, which is equivalent to the Han Dynasty in China; Cleopatra came through this gate, and Caesar was assassinated here. It was exactly the same back then.Of course, their buildings may be made of big stones, which are not easy to destroy, unlike our bricks, wood and mud tiles, which can be blown down when a gust of wind comes.Another reason is that there is less human damage.In other words, they are all characters equivalent to the Qin and Han Dynasties in China, and the venues for activities are truly displayed in front of you.

I went to visit a stock exchange, which is full of computers, which make you dizzy, and the building outside is from the Caesar era.The stock exchange is in an ancient building from the Caesar era, covered with a layer of large glass, reinforced concrete, the entire outer wall is from the Caesar era, and there are statues and so on, just a few steps away from the street. Any thing may last for one or two thousand years, so ancient civilizations are preserved and passed down quite well in Italy.Even in China, like the overhaul of the Forbidden City, Italian experts are invited first, and Italy has a group of experts from the Ministry of Cultural Heritage.

It is estimated that the Forbidden City will be built here until 2020. It is said that after the completion of the construction, the Forbidden City will reproduce the scene of the Kangxi and Qianlong heydays, and it will be full of splendor. At that time, the entrance fee will not be fixed, so if you have not been there, go now. , I can’t afford to go if I’m not sure in the future. Besides, the third reason why the Renaissance originated in Italy is that after the fall of the Byzantine Empire, scholars from the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) fled to Italy, bringing with them a large number of cultural classics in Latin and Greek.In this way, Italy has a very deep cultural heritage.For example, in Europe, if you look at the natural scenery, Switzerland is the best, and the Nordic countries are not bad, but Italy is the best in humanities.Every ancient city, regardless of the political point of view, really makes people linger.I've been to Italy twice, and to be honest, I don't want to come back. The style of the Middle Ages is well preserved there, which is very beautiful.

When Chinese go to Europe, the most suitable country to live in, the first stop is Italy, because everything is the same as China.There are cigarette butts all over the floor, small advertisements all over the street, and random parking everywhere.Italians are called European Chinese by Europeans. There are small advertisements and certificates all over the street, and the police will not fine you if you impound your car. Wait a day to see if you have anything to do with it.If there is a relationship to fish out the car, you will not be fined.Ganqing there is even more corrupt than China. China will issue the fines first, and then find someone to shovel them.

Humanism is the core idea of ​​the Renaissance.Humanism attaches great importance to the value of human beings, upholds human nature, and requires people to be liberated from religious shackles.It is the ideological weapon of the bourgeoisie against feudalism and the theological worldview of the Middle Ages. In other words, the core of the Renaissance is to use human rights to oppose theocracy.The biggest difference between Europe and China is that in ancient China, imperial power was supreme.Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva should avoid Li Shimin's taboo and change his name to Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva.You say I am a Bodhisattva, but what is a Bodhisattva?Smash you, are you still?The emperor's name is Li Shimin, but you can't be called Guanshiyin, you have to avoid it!This is the supremacy of imperial power!

Europe is religious supremacy!Pope, this is the most critical.Because everyone in Europe is a Christian, the pope of this religion has become the supreme leader.For example, for example, I am a Ph.D., and my student is a bureau chief. If you say that we meet each other, which identity is the most important to me?You are the director, I have to kneel and kowtow to you, then I am still your teacher, who do you think is better?Europe doesn’t look at this. He is the leader of the church, and we are believers, so you have to kneel down, so Europe is a country where religious authority is supreme and theology is supreme.The reason why European countries discriminate against Jews, reaching its peak during World War II, is because Jews do not believe in Christianity.He doesn't recognize Jesus, he only recognizes God Jehovah, because they have their own traditional beliefs, Judaism is 7 centuries earlier than you.But if you don’t believe, you can’t get along in Europe, at least you can’t be an official, you can’t be a soldier, and you can’t engage in administrative work, so Jews can only do business.Speaking of doing business, these people are very smart, and they all made a fortune. The Europeans are even more angry when they see you getting rich. Is there any reason for heretics to get rich?Europeans are very upset.So the richer you get, the more you are persecuted, the more you are killed, and the more you are discriminated against.

Jews are persecuted because they have different religious beliefs from Europeans.From the perspective of us Chinese, this is completely incomprehensible, but in European countries, the religious power is basically supreme, and every country is like this.The pope had to deify himself to maintain his authority. More than 95% of the people in Europe were illiterate at that time, and only priests mastered culture, so they misinterpreted the Bible and controlled you ideologically.Every European farmer has to pay a tithe to the church (15 tithe: a religious tax collected by European Christian churches from residents, which originated in the era of the Old Testament.), so the church is the most powerful tax in Europe. Money directly controls one-third of the richest land in Europe.

In addition, the countries in Europe are divided and the religious authority is highly unified. The religious authority and theology have seriously hindered the development of capitalism, so it wants to be anti-theology. As mentioned earlier, why the Renaissance used human rights to oppose theocracy. An important reason is that the theocracy is the supremacy of European countries, and the Roman Church promotes the supremacy of theocracy for its own benefit. In addition, it controls the people of Europe politically and economically.Capitalism cannot develop without opposition to theocracy.Just like the opening of new sea routes, Europe is not without gold, and all its gold is used to build churches.If you place all your hopes in the afterlife, in the kingdom of heaven, then there will be no enjoyment in this world, and you will not be able to live in this world.You say that the West is the Paradise of Ultimate Bliss, but once you go there, you can’t come back. Usually it’s a one-way ticket. Who has been there?Whether it is the Western bliss or the bliss here, it is uncertain.

So why does he promote human rights issues? Can he promote human rights directly?Just promote human rights and oppose theocracy, okay?The answer is no.Because of the supremacy of the religious power in Europe, how powerful is it?Henry IV, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, offended the Pope at the time because he was dissatisfied with the Pope's greed. There are twenty-three popes named John in history. Today’s Pope is the native XVI, the previous one is Paul II, and the previous one is John XXIII. Twenty-three Johns, except for the first and the second Twenty-three, none of the other Johns was good, and the worst of them was John VI, who had more than twenty illegitimate children.The Pope should be a clergyman, should be celibate, and should be abstinent. As a result, he only had more than 20 illegitimate children, and he made his illegitimate son a cardinal. Finally, he made his illegitimate son Pope, and said he was my nephew. My nephew, actually his illegitimate son.These popes, wearing a religious cloak, are extravagant and licentious, and do no good. The "Bible" teaches that people are born sinful, because the first ancestors of mankind, Adam and Eve, sinned and were expelled from the Garden of Eden by God.If a person always harbors a guilty heart, then this person must be a good person.If you always think that I am guilty and I am sorry for the society, then you must be a good person. If you always think that the society owes me, I should steal the manhole cover, I should pull out the trash can, then you will be in trouble. The Pope said that sins can be redeemed through confession and practice, but this does not solve the problem.The pope sells tickets, sells indulgences, and you buy the ticket, and your sins are redeemed, and when the gold coin rings in the cash box, a sinful soul is forgiven by the Lord.So what has become of this master?Wouldn't that be a business in the sea?In fact, if you can understand the Bible, you will know that the Bible is written in Latin. Latin is the language of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire has already perished. No one understands Latin, only priests. The Bible says that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to get into heaven.The pope sold the most fiercely in Germany, that is, the Holy Roman Empire.The Pope affectionately calls the Holy Roman Empire my milk cow.He sold tickets there, so Henry IV was very unhappy. All the property in Germany went to the Holy See in a steady stream. He was not happy, and he didn't do that.But what is the role of the pope? When he sees a sign, he announces to the outside world that he will implement the law of breaking the door of Henry IV. He will not recognize you as a Christian and will expel you from the church.In this way, the food will be ruined, and all the German princes rose up against their emperor: a pagan is absolutely not allowed to be our emperor, so Henry IV had no choice but to go to Rome to confess to the Pope and ask for the Pope's approval. forgive.As a result, the Pope was not in Rome, and the Pope was skiing in the Alps. Henry IV hurried to the place where the Pope lived. Who would have thought that the Pope would never see him. Henry IV took off his cloak, hat, and boots in the blizzard, and stood barefoot in the blizzard for a day and a night. The next day, the Pope probably got up for a walk after eating, and stood in the castle Looking down from the door, there was a snowman with moving eyes. It turned out to be Henry.The Pope was moved. The Pope was born as a commoner and became the Pope, but Henry has been a nobleman for generations. The nobles came to confess to me. Once moved, they opened the gate of the castle and walked towards Henry.Henry knelt down excitedly, the snow all over his body bounced around, covered his body with a layer of ice, and then went to kiss the cross on the pope's boot toe.The Pope touched his head, my child, I forgive you, you can continue to be your emperor. This is what happened to the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire who offended the Pope. One can imagine what would happen if ordinary people violated the laws of Catholicism.The most common was burning alive at the stake.The Holy See has a special religious court - the Inquisition, if it is judged to be heresy, it will be burned alive, Joan of Arc (16 Joan of Arc (January 6, 1412-May 30, 1431) , known as the "Maiden of Orleans", is a French national hero and military strategist, the saint of the Catholic Church, and the goddess of liberty in the hearts of the French. During the Hundred Years War (1337-1453), she led the French army against the British army. Invasion, supported the coronation of Charles VII, and contributed to the victory of France. He was eventually captured and sentenced to fire by the Inquisition for heresy and witch crimes.) was burned as heresy.The Catholic Church is too powerful to directly oppose it. Against Catholicism under the banner of revival of Greek and Roman civilization, we advocate humanism, but humanism is not what we say, it is our ancestors. The era of Greece and Rome was the era of humanism. Western civilization is also reflected in its culture, with three major artistic achievements: architecture, painting, and sculpture. There was no painting in the Greco-Roman era, only mosaic paintings on the wall, and there was no oil painting on paper, only architecture and sculpture.The sculpture art that has been handed down from Greece and Rome to the present mainly carves people, especially naked people.Because they believe that the human body is the most beautiful thing, created by God in his own image, and the artist's instinct is to faithfully record this beauty.So you can see that the proportions of human bodies carved in the West are better than those of our Chinese sculptures, which is simply a world of difference.If you look at the Chinese terracotta warriors and horses, there are tens of thousands of them placed together, densely packed and black, which is really spectacular; when you come down and take a look, they all have the same shape, without a single individual face.Most Chinese sculptures are out of proportion and even ugly.What really made Chinese sculpture art develop was the introduction of Buddha statues into China.And Buddha statues are still Indian sculptures, borrowing Indian techniques, and India was developed by borrowing Greek techniques.If you look at Western sculpture, it is equivalent to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China. The level of sculpture at that time was able to carve the folds of human skin with marble, which is very remarkable. Looking at the human body sculpted by Westerners, men must emphasize the strength of muscles, while women must emphasize the beauty of curves.The Chinese paintings of maids are different. The people are all in the "S" shape. If they really look like this, they dare not go out. In fact, beauty like Lin Daiyu is a bit morbid, while the West emphasizes those healthy things. Moreover, the subject matter of Western statues is not necessarily human beings, but there are also gods, but the gods must all be created in the image of human beings.You see, there is no one in China who looks like Sakyamuni, but Athena in the West is carved out of the image of a person.And you can see that whether it is Greece or Rome, their gods have the same problems as people.China is like a sage and a perfect person can only be put in the temple. Confucius, Mencius, Yue Fei, Guan Yu, Qi Jiguang, Wen Tianxiang... these types of people.Merit is put aside first, character is definitely not selected, like Yue Fei, civil servants do not love money, military generals are not afraid of death, do not continue concubines, do not save wealth, serve the country faithfully, only such people can be enshrined in the temple .Look at the gods of Greece and Rome, Zeus is from Greece, and Rome is called Jupiter. In fact, they are all one person, equivalent to our Jade Emperor. As long as this buddy sees a beautiful woman in the world, he will go down to earth and bring the beautiful woman to the world. In the sky, the illegitimate child is the god of wine, the god of agriculture, all the gods in the sky are born of him.There is also Hera, who is equivalent to our queen mother, who always cheats on her.In China, can this person go to the temple? !this is too scary. Why do Europeans portray human beings like this, which obviously embodies the idea of ​​humanism, but it is actually a kind of psychological comfort, meaning that even gods can do this, why can’t I? During the Renaissance, Europe used the culture of Greece and Rome as a banner to promote humanism, with the purpose of promoting the development of capitalism.I hope everyone pursues the pleasures of this world, because the pursuit of pleasures in this world costs money, and if you spend money, I will have a market, and with market capitalism, I can develop.If you don't buy roses, don't buy chocolates, and build churches, how can I develop?This is why Europe used humanism and the banner of Greece and Rome to promote humanism in the Renaissance era. The specific representatives are Dante and Giotto.Dante's masterpiece is "Divine Comedy", No All theories altar Plots involving heaven and hell.Who should decide who goes to heaven and who goes to hell?It’s not God, you can’t see God, and you can’t come back after seeing God.The Pope of Rome is the Governor of God in the world, because the first Pope, St. Peter, was the head of the twelve disciples of Jesus, and today is the 226th Pope.So heaven and hell should be decided by the church.As a result, Dante decided who to go to heaven and who to go to hell, it all depends on his own likes and dislikes. Although "Divine Comedy" is a religious theme, it has already broken through the restrictions of the church.According to the teachings of Christianity, the Archangel St. Michael, a very, very handsome young man, who welcomes you to heaven, is wearing armor and has a pair of wings. Some books translate it as Gabriel.You can see that many churches in Europe, called St. Michael Church and Santa Maria Church, are named after this godmother.But in "Divine Comedy", Dante asked his first love in his youth to guide you to heaven. It may be unrequited love, and generally there is no lover in love. There is another guide, that is, the ancient Roman poet Virgil he admired the most.One is his lover, the other is his idol, he arranged for these two people to guide you to heaven. Giotto is the father of European painting.Petrarch, the father of humanism in Europe, was the first to propose anthropology against theology; Boccaccio's original work is a bit similar, and it is not suitable for children, but you must read it because it is translated.There are also the three masters of Italian Renaissance art: Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. These three brothers will forever go down in history and are amazing.Da Vinci's representative works are "The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa". "The Last Supper" is still a religious theme, and Jesus bids farewell to the twelve disciples, but both Jesus and the twelve disciples have character prototypes, and they are drawn according to the disciples, not by imagination.However, it was easy for Da Vinci to draw others, but it was difficult for him to draw Judas. He wondered, what should Judas be like?For 30 silver coins, he betrayed his mentor, and Jesus knew that one of you had betrayed me. Judas clutched his purse tightly, terrified.Da Vinci was very depressed because the painting could not be completed for a long time. He wandered around Florence, and when he was thinking on the bridge—the bridge was not wide at all, and there were golden temples and gold jewelry on both sides, and a carriage rushed over. Come over, the horse was startled, and pulled the carriage straight over.At that time, a small businessman had just finished paying the bill and was almost trampled to death. After the carriage passed by, he held the money bag and his frightened expression was deeply imprinted in Leonardo da Vinci's mind - buddy, you are Judas up!Maybe forever.No one knows the name of this businessman, but it later became the prototype of Judas. As for Mona Lisa, she is the youngest daughter-in-law of Da Vinci's father's friend, and the youngest daughter-in-law married by Xu Xian is only in her 20s, showing a very strange smile.Now European medical research says that she is so happy because she has lost all her teeth. With her mouth pursed, she is a toothless old lady.Some people joked that there are three treasures in the current Louvre Museum - three disabled people: Venus with a broken arm, the headless goddess of victory, and the toothless Mona Lisa.Now when you go to the Louvre, you will find that two of them are placed there directly for everyone to watch, without railings, especially Venus with a broken arm.Chinese people like to play with copied ones and put them there for others to see, but foreigners think yours is too fake.All the exhibits in the Louvre are real, except for the jewelry of the Queen of France, because I couldn't find it, I made a fake one.The staff in the museum will tell you directly that this is a fake, and you can have zero-distance contact with it, without even a wire block.I couldn't help touching it, the Egyptian one, it was so fun.Only Mona Lisa, when I went to France for the first time, was placed in a hut, and no one could stay in front of her for more than 30 seconds. If everyone looked there and exhaled carbon dioxide, Mona Lisa would melt up.When she went there for the second time, she was placed in the lobby, but it was also a special area surrounded by an entrance and policemen with guns on both sides. The only exhibit in the Louvre was the Mona Lisa, and security guards with guns were there. I looked there, no one cared about anything else, just said that this is not allowed, absolutely not allowed, it is like a rare treasure, it is said that it was stolen three times, and it was found again. Then there is Michelangelo, whose famous masterpiece is "David".A naked young man is holding a catapult.Briefly introduce David: David is the emperor Gao, the ancestor of Israel, and the founding king of Israel. It was carved like that. If we were in the Qing Dynasty, you made Nurhachi like this, and you would have to kill everyone.Look at David, or Emperor Gao, the ancestor of Israel.If the Chinese want to see the original documents, they have to make an appointment half a year in advance, so they usually cannot see the original documents in Europe, and they cannot get a visa.Generally, the Japanese see more, but there are replicas of David everywhere in Italy, ranging from a few meters high to several floors high, and this statue is everywhere, which is very exquisite.The other is the ceiling painting of the Pope's Sistine Chapel. The entire dome is Michelangelo's "Doomsday Judgment". When the Pope was in the Vatican, this small chapel was closed, and it was only opened when the Pope was away. I went there twice, and the Pope was there, so I didn’t see it.According to people who have seen it, it is very interesting. When Michelangelo was painting, he was lying on the scaffold and painted this painting for 11 years.He didn't allow anyone in, including the Pope himself, until the painting was finished.No one is allowed in except to bring me food.He painted like this for 11 years. After finishing, he threw away the paintbrush and said everyone, come in, and the Pope came in excitedly to visit.As soon as I came in, I was stupid. When I saw the zenith painting, everyone was naked.God, the saint here, and the saint there are all naked. The pope saw how this thing worshiped, and then said to Michelangelo, can you paint the clothes for me?Michelangelo said no, and left.As soon as the Pope was thinking about how to fix this thing, he asked a painter to mend the clothes.If you see the painting with your own eyes, you can clearly see that the coloring of the clothes is not very good, and it is stiff. At first glance, it is the painter's brushwork, the exposed skin, and the brush strokes. It is a master painting. of.Now some people advocate using high technology to wash down the clothes and expose the original works of the master. Some people say that it is unnecessary. This thing just protects the works of the master and prevents them from getting dusty and messy. Anyway, there are still clothes now, maybe a hundred years. , After two hundred years have passed, there will be no more.This painting is four or five hundred years old. Then came Raphael, whose most famous masterpiece is the "Sistine Madonna".You see, this Madonna is a woman, which is different from the Madonnas painted in the Middle Ages.The Madonna of the Middle Ages has 5,000 years of vicissitudes engraved on her face. Look how beautiful this Madonna is.The Virgin is holding Jesus. In medieval paintings, Jesus in the arms of the Virgin has a beard. Although it is a baby, he has a beard and a 32-year-old adult face, because Jesus was crucified on the cross. On, was already 32 years old.So the Jesus in the arms of the Virgin has a beard and a human face, painted like this, return to human nature, can you imagine painting Confucius like this?In the Confucian Temple, there is a bare butt Confucius hanging there. Can you imagine the one-year-old photo album of Confucius?You said whether Confucius had this time, it must have.But you see, as long as the Confucius that hangs out, it must be the Eguan Bo belt, saber, and Confucius who was the first teacher. If you hang up a one-year-old one, who dares to say that Confucius didn’t come from this time, do you dare?impossible.It's the same reason that Emperor Taizu couldn't be naked.If you look at that one again, it shines with the brilliance of humanism, so these three masters of art have achieved great achievements in architecture. Many buildings in Florence today are their original works at that time.Florence is the most beautiful city in the world. Everything is exactly the same as it was 500 years ago. The tallest building so far is the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. It is a landmark building. You can see this cathedral from a distance. The west of the whole city is not Cars are allowed to pass through. If you want to go in and visit, you can only backpack. It is estimated that it is only one-tenth the size of Haidian District, Beijing.The cities in Europe are very small, you just have to carry around on your back, every building is very good, you don’t have to be afraid of getting lost, you will definitely feel dizzy after entering, the alleys are very deep, they are all the works of these masters back then, very, very remarkable . The Renaissance started in Italy, followed by Western European countries.The most famous is Shakespeare in England; there is also Rabelais in France, whose masterpiece is; the third is Erasmus in Germany, whose masterpiece is "Ode to Fools"; and "Don Quixote" by Cervantes in Spain. Germany". "Don Quixote" is like our Chinese.The most important system of the ruling class in ancient China was the civil service system, how should the civil service be? Therefore, it damages the imperial examination system and shakes the ruling foundation of Chinese society.Western Europe has a chivalry system, and it does the same for knights. Modern natural science began with a revolution in the field of astronomy.Ptolemy in ancient Rome proposed the center of the earth and said that the earth is the center of the universe. This is Ptolemy in ancient Rome.Then Copernicus in Poland created the heliocentric theory, and Copernicus said that the sun is the center of the universe.Copernicus is also nonsense, but it always makes the process of human understanding of the earth a step forward.But Copernicus was timid. He only announced his research results when he was dying. Anyway, I was going to die. It was written in my will. Because he was afraid of being persecuted by the church, Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory. Kepler of Germany discovered the law that planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun.Kepler was right, Copernicus was right, the sun is the center of the universe, the sun is a star, the earth is a planet, and the planet revolves around the sun, and its orbit is also calculated.Anyone who has studied physics knows that there is Kepler's three laws, which are named after him. Then there is Galileo in Italy, who made his own telescope.Do you see what was produced by ancient Chinese astronomy research?Ask about Tianyi, Youyi, and study celestial phenomena. I don't know what these things have to do with celestial phenomena. People observe celestial bodies directly.Then down the line is Italian Bruno and British Bacon.Bruno was burned to death by the Pope, burned alive in Rome's Campo de' Fiori. It was not until the late 1990s that the recently deceased Pope, John Paul II, rehabilitated Bruno. He was not a heretic, a saint, and he had been dead for more than 350 years. The most important role of the Renaissance was that theology shook the church’s rule and directly caused the religious reformation in Europe. Christianity was born in Asia Minor, Palestine in the middle of the 1st century AD, and its founder was Jesus.Both Sakyamuni and Muhammad existed in history, and Jesus is the founder of Christianity.Christ is Greek, which means savior.When Christianity was just born, it was persecuted by the Roman Empire. Because the Roman Empire worshiped polytheism, Christians were always crucified as martyrs. Even Jesus was crucified on the cross. .Until AD 313, the Roman emperor promulgated the "Edict of Milan", Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire and began to spread widely in Europe.In 395 A.D., the Roman Empire was divided into Eastern Rome and Western Rome. The capital of Western Rome was still in Rome, and Eastern Rome was in Constantinople, which is Byzantium, today’s Istanbul in Turkey. Therefore, the church split into Western Church and Eastern Rome. church.In 1054 AD, the eastern and western churches were officially separated, and the western part was called Roman Catholicism. We in China translated it into Catholicism. It is called the first of the "Three Pillars of the Holy Religion".) Translated, the eastern part is called the Greek Political Church, and China is called the Orthodox Church, and the church is officially split.So the Pope is actually the head of the Catholic Church. The Bible is written in Latin, and prayers are written in Greek. The center of the Orthodox Church today. It turns out that the head of the Orthodox Church is Constantinople, the archbishop. Constantinople was established in 1453. Dingbao was captured by the Turks, and Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque.So the center of the Orthodox Church came to Russia, and it spread to Russia.In today's world, the leader of the Orthodox Church is Alexei II, Patriarch of Moscow. Different believers pray in different ways. If you use two fingers or five fingers to make a cross like this when you pray, you can basically conclude that he is a Catholic. ; If it is three fingers, up, down, right, and left to draw the cross, it is an Orthodox Christian, because the Orthodox Christian is the Holy Father, the Holy Son, and the Holy Spirit.It was this faction that was mainly reformed in the Reformation. After the Reformation, the Old Church and the Protestant Church were formed. The Old Church is still called Catholicism, and the Protestant Church is called Christianity for short.Christianity has a broad sense and a narrow sense.The broad sense of Christianity includes all, and the narrow sense of Christianity refers to Protestantism.Now in Beijing, if you see a Christian church hanging on a church, it is a Protestant church, such as those churches in Gangwashi, Zhushikou, and Chongwenmen. If it is an old church, it will say a Catholic church. The largest Catholic church in Beijing The most famous are East Hall, South Hall and North Hall. Protestantism is divided into three sects.The first sect is called Lutheranism, which was founded by the German priest Martin Luther.Another well-known Martin Luther King named himself after him, because Martin Luther King was also a pastor.The second sect is called Calvinism.Calvin was a Swiss priest and religious reformer. As a Protestant reformer, Calvinism was more radical than Lutheranism.He abolished the episcopal system.We know that Europe is politically divided, but the religious power is highly unified. Under the pope is a cardinal, that is, a cardinal, and then down is a bishop. Every church has a priest (the official title of a Catholic priest, also known as Priest. Translated from Latin Sacerdotes (Sacerdos in singular). Chinese Catholicism initially transliterated "Sacerdotes", referred to as "Duode", and later changed it to "priest ".), there are priests, down to monks at the bottom, it is centralized.Lutherans still have bishops, but Calvinism has completely abolished the bishop system, and there are no bishops in churches between different Calvinisms. Each church elects 10 elders and manages them together, just like a gang of beggars.This is of great significance. The form of co-management by electors should belong to a republic in terms of political system.Now that the Kingdom of God has achieved a republic, does the world still need to obey the king, emperor and bishop?Sun Wukong, a monkey can rebel against the Jade Emperor, but can't a man rebel against the emperor?Everyone is at the same level, that’s what it means. The last one is the Church of England, which is also called the Anglican Church.This is the one that retains the most Catholic traditions among the Protestant sects, that is, the most conservative, and the one that retains the most Catholic traditions, because the British king at that time—King Henry VIII of the Tudor dynasty wanted to divorce, and he no longer wanted his queen.His queen turned out to be his sister-in-law, who was passed on to him by his elder brother. The country has been passed on to you, so sister-in-law, you should inherit it too.His sister-in-law is Princess Catherine of Spain. Because Spain was too powerful at that time, Britain was eager to marry Spain. It was his father who married his brother. As soon as the princess arrived in England, his brother died, so his father said your brother was dead. , the daughter-in-law will pass it on to you.When Henry VII died, he passed the throne to Henry VIII, and his sister-in-law also passed it to him. He was very unhappy. Why, I provoked someone, and I have an extra daughter-in-law out of thin air?He took a fancy to Princess Catherine's attendant—Countess Anne Berlin, so he thought about divorcing Princess Catherine every day.But if he wants to marry Anne Countess of Berlin, he must obtain the approval of the Pope. Catholics are monogamous, and divorce must be approved by the Holy See.The Holy See did not dare to offend Spain. Spain is so powerful, so it did not approve it.When the king gets angry, he doesn't approve it, right?Then even you and I will not recognize it, I am the Pope of England myself. It is equivalent to the fact that Catholicism remains the same, but the Pope has changed. He used to be loyal to the Holy See, but now he is loyal to the King of England. All the properties of the Catholic Church in England were confiscated, and then they could marry a young daughter-in-law, killing two birds with one stone.In this way, it will be much more convenient for him to divorce in the future, and he can divorce as he wants, so Henry VIII has divorced six times in his life. Anyway, he announced it himself and I approved it, so he divorced. The Anglican Church is the place that retains the most Catholic traditions.If you want to go to Hong Kong, it is called the Anglican Church or something, which shows that it is all influenced by the Anglican Church.In this way, we can see that the power of the Pope in Rome is even weaker, and it is no longer called the Pope, but the Pope.Because the pope is too autocratic, and it is said that he has no secular power at all, and the church and state are separated.Christian countries are not too cowardly because of the principle of separation of church and state.Religion does not interfere with social affairs. Do you have to think about whether this conforms to someone's teaching before you do something?Then there is no need to do this matter, everyone has been dead for thousands of years, can he teach you?So Christianity does not have these ideas. The Holy See is still the most powerful influential organization in the world. It is the only country in Europe that recognizes the Republic of China. Although it is only 0.44 square kilometers, which is equivalent to two-thirds the size of the Forbidden City, it is the world's largest It is the most powerful country in the world, more than 100 countries have established diplomatic relations with it, and it is the richest. Of course, its money mainly comes from donations from believers from all over the world.I heard a joke in Italy, which may also be a story: The previous Pope Paul II wanted to repair St. Peter’s Basilica, but he had no money, so he posted a post on the Internet, asking who would donate money, and then we can negotiate terms, and soon The pope talked with a wealthy American in the garden, and the cardinal followed him from a distance, not daring to get too close for fear of affecting the Pope.I heard Americans say that the Pope will not do 20 million US dollars, 50 million will not work, 100 million will not work, 200 million US dollars will not work, 500 million US dollars will not work, and 1 billion US dollars will not work. The rich Americans left disappointed.The cardinal rushed up to ask the Pope what conditions he had proposed, and you refused to agree to the $1 billion. The Pope said that he could not agree to the conditions he raised.Everyone knows that the last sentence of Christian worship is Amen. The rich American said to the Pope, stop shouting Amen, and shout Coca-Cola. May his soul have eternal life in heaven, Coca-Cola.