Chapter 3 Volume 1 21-40

twenty one.Caesar knew about this, although he also realized that it was a matter of great importance to take this town and merge those battalions into his own, and the sooner it was done, the better, so as not to be bribed , or because someone came out to boost morale.Or there are some rumors and gossips that make people change their minds again, because in war, small things like trivial things often cause big changes.In addition, he was afraid that after the soldiers entered the town, they would use the night as a cover to loot.After rewarding those who came to him, he sent them back to the town, ordering them to guard the gates and walls.He deployed his soldiers on the fortifications he had already arranged, but instead of a certain distance from each other as he was used to in the past few days, he changed them into a long row of uninterrupted sentries and garrison points, each other Connected, the entire fortification has been arranged along the way.He also ordered the regiment commanders and cavalry commanders to patrol back and forth, and told them not only to pay attention to prevent large groups from breaking through, but also to pay attention to even one person sneaking out.That night, no one really fell asleep because of laziness and fatigue.They all placed great hopes on the final outcome of the matter, and each one was absorbed in thinking about different things. They imagined what would happen to the Coffinium themselves, what would happen to Domilius, what would happen to Rentu. What would happen to Luce, what would happen to the rest of them, what would happen to everything.

twenty two.Around the fourth watch, Lentulus Spinter discussed with our army's outposts and guards on the city, saying: If he can get permission, he wants to meet Caesar.After getting consent.He was sent out of the city.Domitius' soldiers held him until they brought him before Caesar.When he begged Caesar for his own safety and begged Caesar to forgive him, he also mentioned his old friendship with Caesar and counted Caesar's great kindness to him.Because of Caesar's citation, he was able to enter the high priests, and he was able to become the governor of Spain after the term of the judge expired, and he also received Caesar's support when he ran for the consul.Caesar interrupted him and told him that he had not come across the province to do evil himself, but to defend himself.Not to be bullied by the enemy, in order to restore the status of those tribunes who were expelled from the capital because of him, and to liberate himself and the Roman people from the oppression of that small group.Encouraged by these words, Lentulus asked permission to return to the city.Thus the security he finds for himself comforts the rest in feeling hopeful as well.He also said: Some people are so panic-stricken that they want to use rough methods to end their own lives.He turned around and went to the city after getting permission.

twenty three.At first light, Caesar ordered all the senators, sons of senators, commanders of the legions, and Roman knights, to be brought to him.There were fifty of them, of which Lucius Domilius, Publius Lentulus Spinter, Lucius Caecilius Lou Zisi, Treasurer Sextius Quintilius Varos, Lucius Lubrius.Besides the sons of Domitius, there were many other young men, a host of Roman knights, and elders of the local councils, whom Domilius had summoned from the autonomous towns.When all these were brought before Caesar, he forbade the soldiers to insult and reprimand them.Caesar addressed them only a few words, complained that some of them did not return the slightest favor to them, and went away without harm.Domelimus had brought to Cophenium a sum of six million sesterces, which was still in the treasury, and was sent by four local magistrates of Cophenium. Caesar.Although Caesar knew that the money belonged to the public treasury of the state and was sent by Pompey as military pay, he still gave it to Domelius, so that it would not appear that he was dealing with people's lives more than he was dealing with people's lives. There is more self-restraint in matters of money.After he ordered the soldiers of Domelius to take the oath of allegiance to him, he moved the camp on this day and went on the road. The frontiers of the Rucinians, Frentani, and Larinates reach Apulia.

twenty four.As soon as Pompey learned of what had happened at Kophineum, he left Lucria, and hastened to Canusium, and thence to Brundisium.He ordered all the newly recruited soldiers to gather to his side.He also armed the slaves and herdsmen, and gave them horses, and equipped them with about three hundred cavalry.The magistrate Lucius Manlius fled from Alba with six battalions; the magistrate Rutilius Lupus with three battalions from Tarakina.When their soldiers saw Caesar's cavalry led by Vibius Curius from a distance, they immediately abandoned the two justices, turned their banners, and surrendered to Curius.Likewise, on the way forward, some battalions met Caesar's army, and others met his cavalry, and they all surrendered.Pompey's director of engineering, Numelius Magius of Cremona, was captured on the road and sent to Caesar.Caesar sent him back to Pompey with the following message; saying: As Pompey has not yet given him a chance to speak, he himself is now on his way to Brundisium, and must We need to have a meeting with Pompeo, which is very important to the country and their common security. If the distance between each other is longer, the proposal must be passed on by others, and there will be no face-to-face discussion between the two parties. Everything is so convenient.

25．Having brought such a letter, he hastened to Brundisium with six legions, three of them veterans, and the rest composed of fresh conscripts, who were replenished along the way.As for the battalions of Domitius, he sent them directly to Sicily while at Cophenium.He found that the consuls had gone to Dyrrakium with the greater part of the army, and that Pompey remained at Brundisium with twenty battalions.Why did he stay there? After all, it was in an attempt to defend Brundisium, so that he could control the tip of Italy and the coast of Greece in his own hands, and control the entire Adriatic Sea more conveniently. , and can wage war from two opposite sides at the same time.Or because of the lack of ships, we can only stay here and not go, the reason is unknown.Caesar, lest Pompey should think that he should not abandon Italy, decided to block the outlet of Brundisium and prevent its port activities.The project was started in this way: He built an earth embankment on both sides of the narrow mouth of the port, because the sea water in these places was originally very shallow; When extending, he attached to the extremity of the embankment two rafts, thirty feet wide on each side, fastened at each corner by an anchor, so as not to be swept away by the waves.After they were made and fixed in place, he attached another raft of the same size to the outer side of them.On top of them he also covered with earth and built dikes.In order to prevent people from being hindered when they go up to defend them.On their fronts and on all sides he built wooden fences and parapets for protection.A two-story watchtower is built every third raft to make it easier to defend against ships' attacks or arson.

26．To counter such works Pompey equipped some of the large merchant ships which he captured in the port of Brundisium, erected watchtowers three stories high over them, and furnished them with war machines and various Throwing weapons of all kinds, and driving them to Caesar's side, tried to use them to break through the rafts and hinder the progress of the work.Thus, long-distance battles with flying stones, bows and other weapons took place every day.As Caesar deployed these battles, he still believed that efforts for peace should not be suspended.Though he was surprised that Marcus, whom he had sent with a letter to Pompey, was not sent back to him, and repeated attempts at reconciliation had hindered both his offensive and his plans, yet He still believes that all means should be used to persevere in such efforts.He therefore sent his lieutenant, Caninius Rebilus, who was a friend and relative of Scribonius Lido, to meet with Libo for talks.Caesar told him to encourage Libo to come out to make peace, especially to make peace with Pompey.He claimed that if he was given such an opportunity, he had great confidence that the two sides could lay down their arms under equal conditions; if Libo's push and rush were used, the hostilities between the two sides could be stopped.Then a good portion of the praise and reputation will go to him.Libo departed after the conference with Caninius, and hastened to Pompey's side, and soon returned with an answer that, as the consuls were absent, no terms of reconciliation could be concluded without them.Therefore, Caesar believes that it is time to finally give up this unsuccessful attempt and work hard to engage in war.

27. When the fortification was nearly half-finished by Caesar, and nine days had been spent on it, the ships of the consuls, which carried the first part of the army to Dyrrakium, were sent by them back to Bron from there. Disium.Pompey may have been alarmed by Caesar's blockade, or he may have decided to evacuate Italy from the start, seeing the ships approaching and making preparations to leave.In order to delay Caesar's attack, and to prevent our army from rushing into the city as soon as they had left, he blocked the gate, and inserted key posts and pillars in the middle of the ditch, and then used a layer of light hedges and earth to cover them and make them level with the ground.He also inserted the sharpened wooden pillars on the ground into the ground, blocking the exit and two passages leading to the harbor outside the city wall.After making these preparations.He ordered the soldiers to disembark quietly, and ordered some lightly armed soldiers selected from the retained veterans, crossbowmen and stone archers to be placed on the city wall and in the watchtower in twos and threes.He was going to summon all the troops by a certain agreed sign after they had disembarked, and for this purpose he left some galleys waiting for them at a convenient place.

28．The harassment of Pompey's soldiers and the insults of Pompey himself angered the Brundisium.make them all side with Caesar.thus.When they knew that Pompey was going to withdraw, they rushed up and down with soldiers, and when they were busy leaving, they all climbed up on the roof to signal to our army.Caesar learned of this plan from them, and ordered the ladders to be ready, and the soldiers to be armed, lest they lose the moment of action.Pompey sailed away at night, and the soldiers he had posted on the city walls as guards also ran to the ship by the familiar road when they were called by the pre-agreed sign.Caesar's men lowered their ladders and climbed up the walls, but they halted again because they were warned by the Brundisiumites of hidden stakes and hidden ditches, and the inhabitants led them around a short distance. A big circle to reach the port.There they seized, with speedboats and canoes, two ships, both with soldiers on board, that had struck Caesar's embankment, and took them captive.

29．Though Caesar would have liked very much to gather a fleet across the sea in pursuit of Pompey, especially to end the war before he had strengthened himself with allied forces abroad, yet he was apprehensive about doing this. The delays and long delays that things require.Because Pompey had taken all the ships, he lost the possibility of pursuing him now.The only recourse left to him was to wait for some ships from more distant places such as Gaul, Picnum, and the Channel.But due to the seasonal relationship, it seems that this is another thing that is far away and has many obstacles.At the same time he did not wish that at this very moment Pompey's old army and the two Spanish provinces--one of which was especially bound to him by the great advantages Pompey gave it-- Allegiance to Pompey was strengthened, and allies and cavalry were prepared to harass Gaul and Italy in his absence.

30．For the present, therefore, he resolved to drop his plans of pursuing Pompey, and to go to Spain.He gave orders to all the magistrates of the boroughs to search for ships and bring them to Brundisium.He sent his lieutenant, Valerius, with one legion to Sardinia, and Curio, the magistrate, with two legions to Sicily, and ordered him, after the recapture of Sicily, to cross thence directly to Africa with the army. go.At this time, Marcus Cotta was in charge of Sardinia, Marcus Gato was in charge of Sicily, and Africa should be in charge of Tubero according to the drawing of lots.As soon as the Caralisians heard that Valerius was to be sent to their side, they arose of their own accord and drove Cotta out of the city, even before Valerius left Italy.When Cotta learned that the whole province was of one mind, he became frightened and fled from Sardinia to Africa.While in Sicily Cato repaired the old warships, he asked the towns for new ones.He carried on these works with great zeal, and, through his lieutenants, recruited recruits from among the Roman citizens of Lucania and Brutium.When these things were almost finished, he learned that Curio had arrived, and he complained at the assembly that he had been abandoned and betrayed by Pompey, saying: Pompey has nothing ready, and he has rashly launched an unrest. Necessary war, and when he, Cato himself, and some others questioned Pompey in the Senate, he insisted that everything for war was arranged and prepared.After complaining like this at the meeting, he escaped from the province.

31．With no commander there, Valerius and Curio led their armies respectively to Sardinia and Sicily.When Tubero arrived in Africa, he found that Attius Varus was in control of the military and political power of the province.We have already recounted that Attius lost his army at Oxymum, from where he fled directly to Africa.Taking advantage of the fact that no one is there to host it, it has been occupied without authorization.Two legions were raised there, because he had been in charge of the province a few years ago after the expiration of his term as magistrate, and now he took advantage of his familiarity with its personnel and geography.And use the experience in this province as a means to these ends.When Tubero arrived in Utica by ship, he denied him access to the port and town, and instead of taking his sick son ashore, he forced them to weigh anchor and leave the place. 32．When these things were done, Caesar led the soldiers into the neighboring towns, so that they might rest for the rest of the time after the intense labor.He himself hastened to the capital, and when the senate had been summoned, he spoke of the persecutions of his enemies, and showed that he had no delusions of indiscriminate honor, and that he was only waiting for the time when he could legitimately be consul.What satisfies him is what every citizen can ask for.In the past, ten tribunes, against the opposition of the enemy—especially Cato, who was desperately opposed, in his old fashion, dragging the time away with eloquent speeches—proposed and passed that he could not come in person. Election is eligible for election, and the consul at that time was Pompeo himself. If he did not agree, why let it pass?If he agrees, why is he now prevented from accepting the favor of the people, and he also narrates how patient and restrained he was, he once offered to disband the army, which is a matter of sacrificing his own status and honor .He also pointed out the viciousness of the enemy, who refused what they demanded of others when others demanded it from themselves, preferring to mess everything up rather than give up power and the army.He also accused them of their arrogance in depriving him of his legions, and their arrogance in depriving the tribunes of their companionship.He also counted the various conditions he had put forward, the talks he asked for again and again and the rejections he received.For these reasons, he encouraged and required the elders to take up the affairs of state and manage it with him.If they want to avoid them out of fear, he is not willing to burden them, and he can manage state affairs by himself.He said: An envoy should be sent to Pompey to negotiate, although Pompey had said in the Senate not long ago that: to whom an envoy is sent shows that authority belongs to this person, and whoever sends an envoy shows who is in power. Fear, but he Caesar doesn't care about these, from this it can only be seen that they are timid and wavering.As for himself, just as he had endeavored to outdo them in deeds, he hoped to outdo them morally and equitably. 33．The Senate agreed to send envoys, but they couldn't find anyone to send, and most of them refused to serve as envoys because they were afraid.Because Pompey was before leaving the capital.He had said in the Senate that he would treat those who remained in the city the same as those who were in Caesar's barracks.In this way, three days were wasted in arguing and justifying.Besides, there was a tribune named Lucius Metellus, instigated by Caesar's enemies, to stand up against this, and anything.As long as Caesar proposed, he would block it.Seeing his purpose, Caesar thought that he had wasted a few days and should not lose more time, so he left the capital and went to Transgaul when he failed to accomplish what he planned to do. 34．When he got there, he learned that Pompey had sent to Spain Viblius Luhens, whom he had released a few days before from his captivity at Coffinium.Domitius, likewise, had set out to take Massilia, with seven galleys assembled privately from Igilium and Xorsanum, manned by his slaves, freedmen, and Personnel composed of tenants.Some young Massilians of noble origin had already been sent home as emissaries.When they left the capital, Pompey encouraged them not to forget the old kindness of Pompey to them because of the new benefits from Caesar.Having received these instructions, the Massilians closed their gates against Caesar, and recruited to them the barbarian Albiscians, who lived in the hills near Massilia and had been allied with them since ancient times. .In the same way they brought into the city the corn from the neighboring districts and all the various fortresses, while setting up arms workshops in the city, and repairing the walls, gates, and fleet. 35．Caesar summoned fifteen nobles of Massilia to him, and he said to them: In order to prevent the Massilians from instigating war, they should obey the authority of the whole of Italy, and not a single person. private intentions.He also mentioned other words that he thought would keep them on their toes.The envoys brought these words back, and with the authorization of the authorities, they brought back to Caesar these words: They knew that the Roman people were divided into two factions, and they did not judge which side was more reasonable, nor did they have the ability to distinguish which side was more reasonable .But the leaders of these two factions were Gnaius Pompey and Gaius Caesar, both protectors of their country.Of these two men, the one duly gave them the lands of the Arecomicians and the Helvets of the Volcae, and the other gave them Salus, which he had conquered in war, and returned it to them. Taxes have been increased.Therefore, having received the same favor from both of them, they will show the same intention to both, and will never help either against the other, nor admit either into their cities and ports. 36．While these negotiations were going on between them, Domitius came by ship to Massilia, was taken in by them, and made lord of the city, and vested in him with supreme authority over the war.Under his auspices, they sent their fleets in all directions, and wherever they encountered merchant ships, they seized them and brought them into port.There are some ships for which nails, lumber, and tackle are not very abundant.They used it to equip and repair other ships, and sent all the grain they found to the public storehouses, and the rest of the goods and supplies were kept in case they should be used in case of siege.Caesar was so enraged by this fraud that he rushed to Massilia with three legions, deciding to lay siege to the city with towers and shielded chariots, and build twelve ships of war at Arelat.They were built and furnished within thirty days of felling the timber, and brought to Massilia.He appointed Decimus Brulius to command them.Lieutenant General Gaius Trebonius was left to preside over the siege of Massilia. 37．While these things were being prepared and carried on, Caesar sent Gaius Fabius, his lieutenant general, into Spain with three legions stationed at Napo and the neighboring region of Sidon.He was ordered to quickly occupy the pass of the Pyrenees, which was being held by Pompey's lieutenant, Lucius Afranius.He also ordered the rest of the legions that were resting in winter in a farther place to follow.Fabius followed orders.Taking advantage of the speed of the march, he drove away the garrison at the pass, and then rushed to Afranius' army with a hasty march. 38．When Lucius Viblius Luhens, who was said to have been sent by Pompey to Spain, arrived there, Spain was being served by Pompey's second-in-command, Afranius; Si and Varro are stationed.One of them was stationed near Spain with three legions; In the region from the Anas to the region of the Vitones and Lusitania.The labors were divided between them, and Petreius set out from Lusitania with all his army, and crossed the country of the Vitones to join Aphranius; Several legions defended the whole of Far Spain.When these matters were decided, Petreius demanded from all Lusitania, Afranius from Certiberia, Cantabria, and all the barbarians as far as the ocean, for horses and horses. reinforcements.When they were assembled, Petreius quickly passed through the country of the Vitonians to Aphranius.They were unanimous, and resolved to fight near Ilerda, where the ground was favorable. 39．As above said, Afranius had three legions, and Petreius two, besides about eighty battalions of shields from the near Spanish provinces and leather shields from far Spain, and from the About 5,000 cavalry from these two provinces.Caesar sent to Spain six legions, 5,000 Confederate infantry, and 3,000 cavalry, all of which had been under him in previous wars.To this came an equal number from the Gauls he conquered, to whom he called by name the noblest and bravest men of all the states; Members of noble families summoned from among the inhabitants of the hills of the Gaul province.He had heard that Pompey was already on his way to Spain with his legions via Mauritania, and was soon to arrive.At this time, he borrowed money from the commanders of the legions and the centurions to distribute to the soldiers. On the other hand, his generous rewards won the love of the soldiers. 40．Fabius by letters and messengers; testing the attitude of neighboring states.He built two bridges over the Sikoris, four miles from each other.He sent harvesting troops across the bridges across the river.Because in the past few days, all the grass and forests on this side of the river have been consumed.For the same reason, the generals of Pompey's army did almost the same thing, and the cavalry often fought among themselves.When the two legions of Fabius crossed the river by the nearer bridge, according to their daily custom, to provide cover for the herdsmen, the pack animals and the whole cavalry followed.Suddenly, a violent wind and sea broke the bridge, cutting off most of the cavalry and the rest of the army.Petreius and Aphranimus learned of this from fragments and rafts carried down by the river, and Aphranius at once took four legions and all.The cavalry, passing their own bridge from the camp to the town, rushed to the two legions of Fabius.On being reported of his arrival, Lucius Plancus, who commanded the two legions, was compelled by the situation to occupy a high ground, and divided his men into two ranks, back to back, to face each other, so as not to be surrounded by cavalry.Thus, though it was a battle of disparate numbers, he held off the onslaught of legions and cavalry.As soon as the cavalry began to confront each other, both sides saw the banners of the two legions coming from a long distance. This was sent by Fabius to support our army from another bridge farther away. What happened, I suspect that the leaders of the other party will take advantage of the good opportunity given to them by the god of fate to push forward our army.Their arrival ended the battle, and both sides led the legions back to camp.