Chapter 46 2. It is better to kill one thousand by mistake than to let one go

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang had to learn this lesson and not give too much power to the prime minister.In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, he said that the prime minister Hu Weiyong had conspired against him, so he used this excuse to kill more than 20,000 Hu Weiyong and his followers. This is called Hu prison.This was Zhu Yuanzhang's first Cultural Revolution. In the first time, Hu Weiyong and more than 20,000 people under him were killed.The civil servants who founded the country were slaughtered, basically all of them were killed.Emperor Taizu raised troops, Wen relied on Li Shanchang, and Wu relied on Xu Da.Li Shanchang was over 70 years old at the time, and he was in his dying years. He was named the Duke of the state, the leader of the founding heroes, and the teacher of the prince Zhu Biao.Empress Ma would not do it, because that Empress Ma was a virtuous queen in Chinese history, so she would not do it.If she didn't do it, she wouldn't eat, go on a hunger strike, and cry.If Zhu Yuanzhang said anything else, I can listen to you. Don’t worry about this matter. I want to create eternal peace for the Zhu family. Don’t worry about it.Later, Empress Ma said, look at ordinary people's homes, the parents all know to respect the teacher, and even give gifts during the New Year and holidays, knowing that the teacher is very kind.You said that our royal family wants to kill the child's teacher?Zhu Yuanzhang said you don't care, Li Shanchang conspired against him.After listening to Zhile, Queen Ma said that he was in his seventies, what kind of rebellion did he have? He is seventy-seven or in his seventies, how many years can he be emperor after rebellion?It's impossible for him.Zhu Yuanzhang refused to listen, and in the end Li Shanchang's family of more than 70 people was killed, including all the civil servants who founded the country.Then during the New Year, the pretext of General Lan Yu's rebellion was the second Cultural Revolution.This set off another big prison, killing more than 15,000 people. This time, the generals who founded the country were also killed.So after these two unprecedented political campaigns, more than 35,000 people were slaughtered, the civil and military heroes who founded the country were slaughtered, nine princes, and more than 20 princes were all killed.Doesn't he think Xu Da's contribution is the greatest?Xu Da has sores on his back and cannot eat hair.As a result, he gave Xu Da the steamed goose to eat.After Xu Da ate the steamed goose, the sore burst and he died.Xu Da ate the steamed goose with tears in his eyes.Back then, he and Xu Da were like close buddies, and he could handle the feeling of being brothers.You see, this bastard is ruthless!After the founding of the country, he himself wrote the imperial edict, and the one who contributed the most was Xu Da, who said, "From now on, I set up troops on Haoshang, and first kept the heart of admiring the sun." He took it off and did it by himself, which is perfectly fine, but kept holding him. "Laizi set the tripod in the south of the Yangtze River, so he became the pillar of the sky." Xu Da was the pillar of the sky, and he could not escape being killed in the end.

At the beginning when Xu Da's wife entered the palace to chat with Empress Ma, it was the feeling of the sister-in-law and the sister-in-law. When he was a buddy and fought the world together, the sister-in-law and the sister-in-law had no scruples about chatting.It's nice to say that your house is really big.That of course means that the palace is really big and wonderful.When Zhu Yuanzhang heard this, he immediately ordered people to beat Xu Da's wife to death with sticks.What do you mean, you dislike our family, you say our house is big and the house is good, you have the heart of coveting the throne and disobedience.After beating her to death, tell Xu Da that your daughter-in-law is too bad, it is a disaster, I beat her to death, thank you, Xu Da has to thank her.In the end, even Xu Da was killed, so this is a mean and ungrateful person. You see, this emperor who was born as the eighth thief has such virtues.Zhu Yuanzhang, Li Zicheng, Hong Xiuquan, let alone Hong Xiuquan, that guy, comparing him to anything is not an insult to that thing.Then forget about it.

In this way, the six ministers are directly responsible to the emperor, which means that the emperor also serves as the prime minister.It should be the work of the prime minister, but the emperor did it, so what will happen now?Too busy, the emperor is too busy.On average, Zhu Yuanzhang read more than 300 memorials a day.It is said that he had to deal with more than 3,000 memorials in a few days, and he was too busy, and Zhu Yuanzhang's head was getting big. "I got up before I got up, and I didn't sleep when I was asleep. It's not as good as the rich man in the south of the Yangtze River, who is still surrounded by three feet." Zhu Yuanzhang's ability to write poems of this level is already good, too miserable.How to do it?Established the Grand Master of the Palace.Hanlin bachelors will join the cabinet, help him read the papers, and approve the papers, yes, let them do this.But the grades of these Hanlin bachelors are very low, like the sixth, seventh, seventh and eighth ranks, the grades are very low.Therefore, it will not pose a threat to the central government. After his emperors, Chengzu, Renzong, Xuanzong, and Xuanzong, the rank of Hanlin bachelors became higher and higher. The Shangshu concurrently serves as a cabinet bachelor.

In this way, the cabinet actually becomes the prime minister.But it has greatly reduced the power of the original prime minister.why?Because we will also talk about this issue when we talk about the Military Aircraft Department.This prime minister has his own office and mansion, right?A prime minister must have a prime minister's mansion, and a prime minister must also have a prime minister's mansion.So in ancient China, the highest civil servant was named Kaifu Yitong Sansi, what do you want to do?Opening a mansion, building a mansion, this means that your status is high.If you have a mansion, you can create bureaucrats, like the thirteen prime ministers of the Han Dynasty, a huge office organization.In the Ming Dynasty, the cabinet bachelors were in the cabinet, and I worked in the palace, that is, the bungalows on both sides of the Taihe Gate after entering, that is where the cabinet works.They have no staff?At most, he is a secretary or something, and basically everything has to be done by himself.So it means that he is not an official institution of a country. His job is to be the Minister of the Ministry of Officials, the Minister of the Ministry of Rites, etc. He is a part-time cabinet bachelor, but what he actually does is that he still does not have this prime minister.Zhu Yuanzhang made an imperial decree, and the ancestors of the emperor Ming said: "The descendants of later generations are not allowed to establish a prime minister in advance, and those who dare to speak out and establish a prime minister will be executed." You cannot establish a prime minister.Your minister wants to suggest that you establish a prime minister, what should you do?kill him.Look at the ancestral precepts of the emperor of the Song Dynasty - not to punish scholar-bureaucrats and those who talk about things.Look at this again: "The ministers and workers who dare to speak up and stand up will be killed."If you dare to speak up, I will kill you.The Song Dynasty is the cutest dynasty, and he has a kind heart. If you look at the people of the Ming Dynasty, you can't say that.Therefore, the power of the central government has been dispersed, and the Chinese prime minister has completely disappeared from the sole prime minister, group prime minister to abolished prime minister.

The local government implements the separation of powers into three divisions: the division of government and envoys manages civil affairs and finance;The rank of these three divisions is the highest in this Du Commander Division, and it is the second rank.Then the chief secretary is the third grade, and the inspector is the third grade.The first reason why he did this was because the Mongolian didn't know how to play.What were the levels of local administrative agencies during the Qin and Han Dynasties?County level.Then in the Han Dynasty, the prefectures and states were parallel, and the prefectures were also jurisdictional counties.From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were three levels of prefectures, counties and counties.In the Sui and Tang dynasties, in order to reduce the burden on the people, it went from one level to two levels of prefectures and counties.However, because the territory of the Tang Dynasty was too large and there were not enough prefectures and counties, the world was divided into twenty-two roads for monitoring.Later, the Tao became the actual first-level control, and became the three levels of Tao, state, and county.In the Northern Song Dynasty, the road was changed to a road, and Luzhou County was at the third level.In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were four chief officials at the Lu level, Shuaisi, Xiansi, Cangsi, and Caosi.Shuaisi is called Jinglue appeasement envoy, who is actually the one with the most power.Like Fan Zhongyan, he was a conciliator who also knew Yanzhou and resisted Xixia.Xiansi is the prison envoy we mentioned.Cangsi, that is, promoted to Changping envoy, is in charge of water conservancy, tea and salt.After the implementation of Wang Anshi's reform, Kuruji was also responsible for supervising the implementation of Changping's new law.Cao Si is the transshipment envoy we mentioned.

So the Song Dynasty actually consisted of four institutions.In the Yuan Dynasty, he didn't know how to play, so he came to another Xingzhong Shusheng.It's like four divisions in one.When you become one, your power will become greater. After you grow up, you will be divided back into the Ming Dynasty, changing from the fourth division to the third division.It is equivalent to changing from one governor to three.Therefore, a province in the Ming Dynasty had three governors, and the name of the province became Chief Secretary, which was later referred to as Fantai.You see in TV dramas, you always mention Fantai Yamen, and Fantai is the chief secretary.

According to the inspector, the abbreviation is Standard Taiwan.The Commander Division is referred to as the Dusi for short.Later, I felt that this power was too scattered, and it was difficult to manage the government from multiple branches, so the central government sent officials to patrol a certain place, with no fixed period and no fixed number of people.By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the governor became a formal institution, equivalent to the governor of the province.Then the third division became the subordinate of the governor.In the Qing Dynasty, the governor was the second rank, and both the chief secretary and the procuratorate became the third rank, and became the subordinates of the governor, equivalent to the civil affairs department, finance department, judicial department, and procuratorate.The capital is even lower, becoming a mid-level official in the green battalion.

The central government changed the Metropolitan Governor's Mansion to the Five Armed Forces Governor's Mansion.Zhu Yuanzhang first set up the Grand Marshal's Mansion of the Commanding Army, and later changed it to the Privy Council, and then changed it to the Metropolitan Governor's Mansion to control Chinese and foreign military forces.In the thirteenth year of Hongwu (1380), on the grounds that the power of the Metropolitan Governor’s Mansion was too great, while the prime minister system was abolished, in order to prevent excessive concentration of military power, the Metropolitan Governor’s Mansion was also abolished and changed to the Central, Left, Right, Front and Back Five Armies The Governor's Mansion manages the capital and the local guards respectively.There are left and right governors in each of the five armies' governor's mansions, who are of the first rank;Anyway, a bunch of governors.Moreover, these governors did not have the right to deploy troops.The Dudu Mansion and the Ministry of War of the Five Armies restrict each other. When it comes to war, the Dudu Mansion commands the troops, and the Ministry of War dispatches troops. It became a real job, and it was dispatched at the beginning.This nature is somewhat similar to today's city appearance cleaning office. It was a temporary management office at the beginning, and later it became a permanent organization.So in this way, the military power will also be dispersed.

This is how we talked about how the Ming Dynasty was in the central government, how it carried out reforms in the official system, abolished the prime minister, and set up three local divisions.Then the Central Five Armed Forces Dudufu split up. The laws of the Ming Dynasty were strict, and the Great Ming Law added the content of economic legislation.It shows that the commodity economy developed to a certain extent at that time.At the time of Zhu Yuanzhang, it was stipulated that if officials embezzled more than 60 guan, it was equivalent to 60 taels of silver.If you embezzle more than sixty taels of silver, you will be stripped of the skin and grass, the skin will be removed, straw will be added, and it will be made into a specimen and passed on.This is what happens to corrupt officials.Do not harm the people.Then what do you do with the peeled real grass?That is to say, what are you doing after passing it on?Your skin is made into the Dharma drum, which is the one at the gate of the county government. The people beat the drum to express their grievances, and the drum skin is the skin of corrupt officials.Then make the cushion of this magistrate's chair.You sit there and you have to think about how your ex died, be careful.Then include the capitalization of our Chinese characters and numbers, which were all invented by Zhu Yuanzhang.You see, he can't read characters, but he can create characters, so you don't have to change them.One tael of silver, you changed the number to ten taels, how do you change it?It was all invented by Zhu Yuanzhang, peeling real grass, this is very cruel.Can it solve the problem of corruption?Can't solve it.You pick one out of ten and stand up, because after all, there are too few people who can be picked up, and you can't solve it.Can killing a few corrupt officials and praising a few honest officials solve the problem?It is a matter of the system.