Chapter 23 Chinese Educational System and Educational Thought-11

all From this, it can be said that the special emphasis of Chinese education is a kind of whole-person education.The so-called whole-person education refers to the whole inner life of a person.Carrying out the entire inner life and being the master of its center is the morality of the person's heart.Therefore, Chinese education often ignores a kind of partial education.People have their own talents, and they learn from their talents, and each has its own use, but it is inevitable that each has its own biases and cannot be connected.Their similarity lies outside the person, not within the person.Speaking from outside personnel, although it is also interlinked.Speaking from the inside, all knowledge and talents are inherently different.Therefore, among the four disciplines of Confucianism, virtue is the first, followed by speech, political affairs, and literature.Because life is interlinked only in its virtues.Speech, political affairs, and literature are all personnel aspects, but they are separate and not easy to communicate with each other.Therefore, although Confucius taught the six arts, he said: "Aspire to the Tao, rely on virtue, rely on benevolence, and practice art."It teaches people that morality is the most important thing, and talent is the least important, which is obvious.He told Zixia, saying: "You are Confucianism for a gentleman, and you are not a Confucian for a small man." Zixia's long literature ended up falling on one side, so Confucius encouraged him to be self-serving.Fan Chi asked to learn from crops, and wanted to learn as a garden. Confucius called him a villain.Because it is also interested in one side.Everything that is knowledge and skill will eventually come to the fore.However, the reason why human beings are human beings is the master and center of their entire lives, and those that belong to the aspect of morality and morality are more important than obtaining the whole, and more important than being able to communicate, especially the most important reason why human beings have education.This educational purpose of Confucius will never be violated by future generations.It has become a major trend in the history of Chinese education.

Confucius also said: "There is no distinction between teaching and learning."All education in ancient and modern China and abroad can be classified separately.Confucius had noble education before, and Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, and Tang had family education and monastery education, all of which can be divided into categories.There are similarities and limitations, first add a circle to narrow the scope, it can't cover the whole population, and it can't cover the whole life of people.Another example is various specialized knowledge and skills. In the Han and Tang dynasties, there were also various special educations in law, astronomy, rites and music, medicine, calligraphy and painting.A domain is a class.Each is specialized, or passed down from father to son, or taught from teacher to student, and becomes hereditary. This is called the learning of different people, and each uses his learning to prepare for the world. However, it is different from the education for the growth of each person's inner life.The Chinese do not regard it as equal to whole-person education.Specialized education is only to teach things, and whole-person education is to teach people.The so-called categorization of people means that people are divided into categories based on what they have learned, not only Taoism will divide the world, but also people are divided into categories, and they have also been divided into pieces.It is also known that this is by no means the highest ideal of human education.

Others, such as religion, although they are also teaching people, they are not teaching matters.However, if you believe in Buddhism, you cannot believe in it.There are different sects in the same religion, and there are barriers in each other's life.Only worthy of being born into the world, not worthy of being taught by the great princes of the world.Isn't the various religions in the world today a good example of the division of mankind in the world.National education in modern times is to teach people a narrow view of the nation and nation, and it will also divide human beings into divisions.Also known as civic education, it is to teach each of them to be a citizen of a country.Under communism, there is only class education, and what is taught must be limited to the proletariat.There is also vocational education, which is a kind of market education.It is the need of life, not the place of life.All of these are class teachings.Its teaching is divided into categories, so that people can be classified into different categories.Such education, though each of which is needed at one time and one place, will eventually add barriers to all human beings.

Confucian ideal of education is a kind of human education. Whole-person education can include the above-mentioned education, but must go beyond the above-mentioned education.The purpose of Confucius education is for all mankind, for the whole life of every human being.One volume, regardless of country, nationality, old or young, experts in various fields, or believers in various religions, can be read and studied, and from then on, they can learn from their own teachers and complete their whole life.It also enables human life to be condensed and combined to form a large life.The Chinese regard Confucius as the most holy teacher, and there is a great truth in this.This is where the value of Chinese culture lies.

Today's world is connected, cultural exchanges, and various educational systems are changing with each passing day.China's original educational thought and education system, it will abandon everything, ignore it?Will it only be used as a source of extensive knowledge for historians?It can also understand its meaning and seek its change, get rid of decay and give birth to the new, so as to participate in the modern trend, and regain its opportunity to flourish?A brief summary is provided for the reference of Chinese people. (In April 1968, the 1970 abstract of the lecture by the National Chengchi University’s Institute of Education was published in two volumes, 4 and 5, of the Chinese Cultural Revival Monthly)