Chapter 22 Chinese Educational System and Educational Thought-10

one 〇 Based on the above, if we look at the entire intellectual history of China from this point of view, we can see that there is a great continuity between ancient and modern times.This consistency is education.Education is not the same as religion.Religion is also teaching people to be human, but religion first restores faith, and education restores enlightenment.Believe in the outside, understand in your own heart.Teaching people to be human is also divided into internal and external aspects.Knowledge and skills are outside, and emotion and morality are inside.The conditions for being a person, the internal emotional virtues, are more important than the external knowledge and skills.Confucius set up teaching with the six arts, but the emphasis is on teaching benevolence, forgiveness, music, and not being stunned.Fengyue is outside, but you must be in your own mood when you chanting.There are all good wind and moon outside, if you can't play with your own heart, that is to say, it does not belong to the realm of life. The eight items of "University" are investigating things, extending knowledge, sincerity, rectifying one's heart, self-cultivation, regulating family, governing the country, and leveling the world. Body, family, country, and world are all real life, but they are all outside.Style, sincerity, sincerity, on the inside, more practical.Cultivation, alignment, governance, and peace require all kinds of knowledge and skills, but without inner emotions, all kinds of knowledge and skills outside will not be used properly.It is an external matter to teach sanitation and cleaning in elementary schools.But it is also necessary to understand the inner mood from the external things.Elementary schools enter from the outside, while universities enter from the inside.The inner sage and the outer king are consistent in essence and detail.Behind the Chinese people's educational thought, there is a set of great truths in life, which I do not intend to go into detail here.

But let's say it briefly.Education focuses on teaching people, but especially on teaching people to be able to be teachers.The highest educational ideal is not only to teach people what they do not know, but also to teach people what they know and what they can do.What is taught by others outside is the inherent instinct of my own inner mood and morality.If this is the case, the teacher is certainly valuable, and the person who is taught is equally valuable.The teacher and the educated are on the same level and in the same state of life from the beginning.This is the most important program of Chinese educational thought.This kind of so-called teaching is just a kind of pointing, also known as enlightenment.Mencius said: "It is like the rain in the season".Once the rain falls, the original fertilizer and nutrients in the soil will dissolve by themselves.Zhu Gongzhen saw Ming Dao in Ruzhou, and he returned to the man and said: "A certain person sat in the spring breeze for a month."Flowers, plants, and trees all have their own life, and when the spring breeze blows, the business will flourish.This business is only in the flowers and trees themselves.Sitting in the spring breeze is just to say that there is always vitality in one's heart.The Chinese call it education, and they often say "spring wind turns rain".

Therefore, "The Doctrine of the Mean" specifically puts forward the word "education", saying "all things are cultivated", and it is also said: "all things are cultivated together without harming each other, and the way runs parallel without conflicting with each other".He also put forward a word "Hua", saying: "Xiaodechuan flow, Dade Dunhua".All human affairs must be taught from the outside, while the inside of life must be educated.Therefore, "Book of Changes" says: "Fruit practice cultivates virtue."The function of heaven and earth is called "chemical education".Transformation is from the outside to the inside, and education is from the inside to the outside.Education is the individual growth of an inner life.Just add an inspiration from the outside, and add a convenience.Therefore, it is also said that "it takes ten years to grow a tree, but a hundred years to grow a person".The growth of cultivating the inner life of human beings is calculated by using a long period of a hundred years as a unit, which is not as good as the short-term ten-year period of a tree.Here lies the great ideal of Chinese education, as well as the great spirit of culture.