Chapter 10 Lecture 8: Scholar's Anti-gold

Kang Wang Zhao Gou inherited the Datong and became the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, Song Gaozong.The first problem he faced after he came to power was how to stabilize people's hearts and the situation, so he had to find a prime minister who could hold the stage to help him.The first thing he thought of was Li Gang who had repelled the Jin soldiers in the defense of Tokyo.Li Gang is a scholar who is loyal to the country. Let such a person be the prime minister, and those treacherous people around Zhao Gou can't sit still.There was a minister who sent Zhao Gou five times in a row because he was eager to push Li Gang out of the court, and he did not choose words or means.He said that Zhang Bangchang was liked by the Jin people. Since he was named the king of Sangong County, he should add the same order and let Zhang Bangchang be the prime minister.Li Gang is hated by the Jin people. Although he has been ordered to be a prime minister, he should be dismissed before his arrival, and he must not be allowed to be a prime minister.Zhao Gou was not happy when he heard that, saying that I am the emperor, I am afraid that I am also hated by the Jin people. The Jin people prefer Zhang Bangchang to be the emperor. According to your point of view, shouldn’t I be the emperor?The minister was so frightened that he dared not speak.But among the ministers, there are still great opinions against Li Gang being the prime minister, because Li Gang's upright character has offended many people.

When Li Gang came to Yingtian, he burst into tears when he saw Zhao Gou. The monarch and his ministers cherished the past and sighed.After finally stopping the grief, Zhao Gou asked Li Gang what to do to revive the court and appease the people.Li Gang put forward ten opinions to Zhao Gou, and these ten opinions have two cores.The first is to kill Zhang Bangchang.Because the people of the world, loyal ministers and good people desperately resisted the Jin army, defended their homes and defended the country, and there were no rewards, but Zhang Bangchang, a pseudo-emperor, finally became the king of the county and Taizai.Therefore, Zhang Bangchang must be killed. Not killing him is not enough to boost the morale of the people in the world.The second is to train soldiers.After the military training, he went to the Northern Expedition to welcome back the two emperors of Huiqin and wash away their shame.

We can imagine that Zhao Gou summoned Li Gang with great joy, and the purpose was to let Li Gang help him suppress the stage, so that all the subjects and soldiers in the world would listen to him and regard him as the emperor.As a result, the core of Li Gang's ten opinions was nothing more than asking himself to send troops to bring back the two emperors of Huiqin.According to the analysis of normal people's psychology, Zhao Gou's mood must be extremely low at this time.In the words of the common people, the intestines are green with regret: How did I get such a person in? Li Gang's character is very loyal and straightforward, but if he is too straightforward, he is a bit roundabout.He just wanted to defeat the Jin Army and welcome back the Second Sage, and no one could oppose him.When you meet someone who disagrees with him, you must argue until you agree with him.But Li Gang ignored a problem. To do these things requires money and supplies of military supplies.At that time, the mountains and rivers were dilapidated and the people were dying. Fighting wars was not the top priority. How to deal with people's hearts and stabilize the situation was crucial.In addition, Li Gang's party was the same and he suppressed the ministers who had different opinions.As a result, there were many people who opposed him in the court, and their opinions were also great.At Li Gang's insistence, Zhang Bangchang was granted death.Regarding Zhang Bangchang's death, including historians in the Southern Song Dynasty, there were complaints for Zhang Bangchang, saying that although Zhang Bangchang had overstepped and became a traitor, he was actually coercing.He didn't have to rush to be the false emperor, and the evidence that Li Gang could cite was nothing more than that he fornicated the harem, and had such a thing with the concubines of the previous dynasty, but it also happened when he was drunk .If you are too upright, you can't unite the ministers. Li Gang's decisive attitude was strongly opposed by the ministers.In the end, Li Gang, the prime minister, was dismissed after 77 days.

Seeing the Jin army going south, Zhao Gou's first reaction was to run.But the emperor can't call running, call Xing Xing.When the Jin army went south, didn't Huizong go to the southeast on a lucky tour?So he also patrolled the southeast along the road indicated by his father.Since the Song Dynasty, China's economic center has been shifted to the south. In addition, the Jiangnan area has not been destroyed by the war. It is relatively rich and the people's hearts can be cleaned up, so he decided to go to Yangzhou.After the Jin army broke through Bianliang City, they did not garrison troops in the Central Plains. This is also due to Zhang Bangchang.When the Kingdom of Jin withdrew its troops back then, he asked Zhang Bangchang if he wanted to save some troops to help you watch the situation?Zhang Bangchang refused immediately, saying that our Dachu was capable of defending itself, so the Jin army withdrew.In this way, the vast Central Plains area is still in the hands of the Han people.Before Emperor Gaozong fled to Yangzhou, he appointed Zongze as the left guard in Tokyo, responsible for defending Bianliang.The soldiers and civilians of the Song Dynasty continued to resist the Jin army with Zongze as the core.

After Zongze stayed behind in Tokyo, he worked hard, mobilized horses and soldiers, and prepared to fight a big battle. He said in his letter to the emperor: "Since the Jin people came, the imperial court has never ordered a general or a division, but the treacherous ministers , Chaojin made peace with one word, and one word in the evening begged for an alliance, and eventually the two saints moved northward, and the clan society was disgraced...Although the minister is cowardly, he should bow down and risk the stone as the leader of the generals, and it is enough to sacrifice his life to repay the country's favor !” It means that when the Jin people came, the treacherous officials were clamoring for a peace all day long, and never saw the imperial court send a single soldier to fight the Jin people, so the second sage was captured.Although I am cowardly and cowardly, I am willing to risk flying arrows and rolling stones, lead the soldiers to resist the Jin army, and die to serve the country.This brings us back to the old topic, even if you and your soldiers are willing to sacrifice their lives for the country, where will the military expenses for the war come from?So after Song Gaozong read Zongze's commentary, he said that Aiqing's loyalty is commendable, and there was no more to say after he finished speaking.And when he saw the word "Second Sage", Song Gaozong's heart would inevitably thump—and he mentioned that the Second Sage has not returned, then you should stay in Bianliang and be the first line of defense for me.

Zong Ze is a well-known hero in Chinese history. He was a Jinshi during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. He was originally ignorant of military affairs, but historical records record that he "repaired the city wall, dredged the pond, repaired the equipment, and recruited volunteers."It is said that he repaired the city, strengthened the city wall, improved the equipment for defending the city, and recruited local elites to prepare for defending the city.It can be seen from this that Zong Ze relied on his righteousness and courage to fight against the Kingdom of Jin, not the official army.Yiyong is a person similar to the hero in Liangshan.Because the Song and Jin armies were constantly fighting, the people were repeatedly burned by the flames of war, so they spontaneously organized to defend their homes and beat whoever came to rob them.Some righteous bravery gradually grew stronger, and began to cause harm to one side.It is said that at that time, Wang Shan, a giant bandit in Hexi, had 700,000 people and threatened to attack Bianliang City.The people of Bianliang City were panicked. Before the Jin people came, their giant bandits came first. What if Bianliang City could not be defended?Zong Ze said he was not afraid, I will go to recruit him.So Zong Ze rode out of the city alone to Wang Shan's lair, alone.When Zong Ze met Wang Shanhou, he said that now that the Jin people have entered the country and the country is in danger, what is needed most is people like you, the prince.Now you don't save the country, don't talk about it, but still stab a knife in the back, what's the matter?You have 700,000 people under your command, and you are making contributions to the country at this time, you must not only focus on immediate benefits, but also think about your posthumous reputation.Do you want to leave your name in history, or do you want to be infamous for thousands of years?What Zong Ze said was reasonable, and Wang Shan was deeply moved, and immediately expressed his willingness to lead 700,000 people to disarm and obey Zong Ze's orders.Zong Ze recruited Wang Shan's 700,000 volunteers. If he could really fight against the Kingdom of Jin, the war situation in the Central Plains should have changed significantly, but there is no record of this in the history books.However, there is no doubt that Zong Ze did lead his army to carry out a fierce resistance in Bianliang City, which delayed the main force of the Jin army from going south.It is said that Zongze has a high prestige in the Hebei area, and the local Han people, even Jin people, respect Zongze as his grandfather.

Yue Fei was just a soldier or a low-level official at first, and was rescued by Zong Ze when he was about to be punished for violating military laws.Later, Zong Ze discovered that Yue Fei was a talent, so he began to reuse and promote him. One day, Zong Ze called Yue Fei into his tent and said to him, you are indeed brave and good at fighting, you are a talent that can be cultivated, and you will become a great weapon in the future.But you fight too freely, not according to the rules, not according to the routine, and you can't fight like this all the time.Here I have the formation map left by Emperor Taizong, you can take it for reference and learn the formal tactics.According to our words today, Zong Ze asked Yue Fei to learn the things taught in the military academy.Yue Fei took the formation map, turned it over a few times hastily in front of Zong Ze, and put it aside.Zong Ze was very surprised and asked him why he didn't look at the formation diagram.Yue Fei replied that soldiers are impermanent, water is impermanent, and the situation of war is ever-changing. We can't fight according to the formation plan, otherwise how can we always lose the battle?As long as you can win the battle, any method can be used.When Zong Ze heard this, he felt that what the young man said made sense, but then he thought again: Yue Fei's temper is too big, he dared to contradict the leader as soon as he made some military achievements, and he was too arrogant for a cadre as old as me up!So Zongze recommended Yue Fei to work under the tent of Zhangsuo, the capital of Hebei.As a result, Yue Fei also made many military exploits at Zhangsuo, which aroused the jealousy and dissatisfaction of others, and his relationship with his colleagues became very tense, so he returned to Zongze's account.It can be seen from this that Yue Fei is a famous general born in the world, he is relatively rebellious and not particularly easy to manage.Talented people are proud of their talents, and most of them may have

Be tempered, although sometimes the leader has to use him, but if he always says that the leader is not as good as himself, the leader will feel somewhat unhappy.Yue Fei's character paved the way for his later life tragedies. In addition to Yue Fei, there is another very remarkable figure under Zong Ze's tent that is Wang Yan.Wang Yan was originally a volunteer who was promoted from the volunteers. He has become a commander and led his subordinates to conduct guerrilla warfare against the Jin army in Taihang Mountain.The army of the Kingdom of Jin continued to enter the mountains to encircle and suppress, and Wang Yan's troops fought very hard, so Wang Yan was afraid that his subordinates would not be firm, and worried that one day they would be betrayed by them and tied up to the Kingdom of Jin.Therefore, he was very cautious, and tried not to see his subordinates as much as possible, and let the orderly take his warrant to convey anything he encountered, and even wished to change places to sleep in one night.The subordinates felt puzzled when they couldn't see Wang Yan.One day, a subordinate met Wang Yan by chance and asked why Wang Yan never saw him.Wang Yan expressed his concerns very euphemistically, and his subordinates were very angry when they heard this: It turns out that the commander did not believe us!How to convince the governor?Everyone finally decided that everyone would tattoo the eight characters "Serve the country with a heart, and swear to kill the gold thief" on their faces, so Wang Yan's troops were called the "Eight Character Army".In ancient China, only criminals would tattoo their faces, because the "Book of Filial Piety" said, "The body, hair and skin, receive from the parents", and there should be no slight damage.Wang Yan's subordinates took the initiative to tattoo their faces in order to show their determination to serve the country: they must resist the Kingdom of Jin and never let the people of the Central Plains suffer.

On the one hand, Zong Ze recruited and gathered bandits, and on the other hand, he promoted Yue Fei and appointed Wang Yan, so the situation in the Central Plains was very good at that time. Song Gaozong always refused to believe Zongze, because the person Zongze used was not the ideal candidate in his mind, and he was afraid that there would be another situation similar to Wang Yun being beaten to death.From Song Gaozong's point of view, Zong Ze was a bit lawless, he only thought about how to fight against the Kingdom of Jin, and he didn't even listen to the imperial court's orders.Moreover, Zongze's method of mobilizing the masses and organizing volunteers was also contrary to the purpose of setting up the army in the Song Dynasty.One of the important reasons why the combat effectiveness of the Song Dynasty army was weak was that the army was not mainly used to defend against enemies externally, but to defend against bandits internally.Now Zongze has taken the giant bandits under his account, which is too terrible for Gaozong, so Song Gaozong has always ignored Zongze.Zong Ze's first memorial came to nothing and he didn't reply, but he didn't give up and made another memorial.Song Gaozong just praised Zongze for his loyalty and bravery, and there was nothing to say.

Not only did Song Gaozong not listen to Zongze, but the ministers around him also spoke ill of Zongze to Song Gaozong, saying that he was a scholar who was only the magistrate of Cizhou, and now he was appointed as the stayer of Bianliang in Tokyo. Just have millions of soldiers, what if one day there is a rebellion?This sentence just hit the apex of Song Gaozong's heart.Including the tragedies of the famous generals in the Song Dynasty in the future, they were all expanded from the emperor's knot.We know that the Song Dynasty favored literature over martial arts, and the emperor was most worried about the disloyalty and rebellion of the generals, fearing that the generals would one day be supported as emperors like the Taizu won the world.There were too many such things in the previous dynasty, so the Song Dynasty did everything possible to concentrate military power in the hands of the court and the emperor.Famous generals were deprived of military power without exception, and were even killed.The country is in trouble, and volunteers everywhere are surging.Zong Ze recruited volunteers to resist the Jinren, and surrendered 700,000 people alone, and he was completely loyal to him.Under such circumstances, Song Gaozong might have already started beating drums in his heart: What if Zongze rebelled?What should he do if he wants to separatist regime in the Central Plains?Even if he doesn't rebel, but he only wants to welcome back the Second Sage, and wants me to save my father and brother. Can I reuse this kind of person?Song Gaozong felt that Zongze's power posed a threat to him, and his attitude towards Zongze became increasingly indifferent.

Zong Ze devoted himself to serving the country, but the emperor became increasingly alienated from him. He didn't know what to do, and when he was anxious or worried, he fell seriously ill.At that time, Zong Ze was already in his sixties, and he was already a general with white hair. He had a faint feeling that his days were numbered.When all the people came to visit, he cheered up and said a few words to the generals: "I am dusted with the second emperor, and I am so angry. If you can wipe out the enemy, I will die without hatred!" Zongze died They were all aggrieved by the fact that Emperor Huiqin was dusted, and hoped that the soldiers could fight the enemy bravely, and he would die without hatred.After hearing this, the generals were very moved, wept bitterly, and expressed that they would try their best to fulfill his last wish.After the generals withdrew, Zong Ze had nothing else to say, but repeatedly recited two lines of Zhuge Liang's poem written by Du Fu: "Death before leaving the teacher will make the hero burst into tears." Finally, the famous scholar shouted three times: " Cross the river" and go.What he never forgot until his death was to cross the Yellow River and defeat the Jin soldiers. Loyal ministers in Chinese history, especially after the Song Dynasty, have such a concept: they usually talk about love with their hands, and report to the king when they die.I don't practice martial arts at ordinary times, but linger in poetry, drinking, singing, dancing, and romance; once the country is in crisis, I will die to report to the king.This kind of behavior is indeed admirable, but what can the result be?Counting the loyal ministers we admire who have left their names in history, most of them are losers.Killing after drinking poison, going to death calmly, shouting a few slogans, seems powerful, but is such a death useful?When it really comes down to it, the results are often brutal—an act that doesn't help the state.In addition to having the integrity to serve the country with death, Zong Ze also used actions to manage the situation in the Central Plains well, which is really not easy. Song Gaozong did not accept Zongze's suggestion. Apart from guarding against Zongze, his most secret knots lay in his father and elder brother's issues, in his legal system and background, in the submissiveness of their mother and son since childhood, and even It can be said that it is the feeling of being dependent on others.Usually his mother is not favored, and he is also treated coldly by his father and brother.Whenever he was in danger, his father and brother would think of him. As soon as the crisis was over, the aura that shrouded him immediately faded away, and he returned to the mediocrity and lowliness of the past.At this time, Song Gaozong's mentality was very different from the heroic spirit he had when he was an envoy to Jinying, although it was only a little over a year.Moreover, Song Gaozong may have also tasted the joy of being an emperor and the benefits brought by imperial power, and he did not want to hand over the throne, so Zongze could only die with hatred. The central official school in the Song Dynasty was called Taixue. At that time, a student named Chen Dong wrote to Song Gaozong, admonishing Gaozong to think about the ancestral temple, the country and the people, and not always run away.In addition to Chen Dong, another commoner named Ouyang Che also wrote a letter to Song Gaozong.From this point, we can see that the political environment in the Song Dynasty was relatively relaxed, because Emperor Taizu left a legacy: do not kill scholar-bureaucrats, and do not kill those who write letters.Anyone who submits a memorial to the emperor, regardless of whether he puts forward his own views on the country's defense plan or the imperial court's major policies, is not guilty of capital punishment.So even an unranked Tai student or an ordinary citizen could persuade the emperor not to run away. It's just that Song Gaozong had made up his mind to go, and the letter from these two people angered him.Those treacherous officials around Song Gaozong who always opposed war and advocated peace, saw that Longyan was displeased, so they tried to curry favor with the emperor, saying that any scholar or ordinary person wants to comment on the country's great politics and criticize them arbitrarily. long.Song Gaozong asked what should be done, the treacherous minister looked stern, and used his hands as a sign of killing.Song Gaozong pondered for a while, weighing the pros and cons repeatedly: They are just persuading me not to run away. Killing them is against the ancestral rules, and I am afraid they will be criticized by others; but if this case is opened and everyone criticizes the major policies at will, it will definitely lead to the emperor's death in the future. Although the imperial edict and the imperial court's will are not acceptable.At this time, the scene of Wang Yun's tragic death by the people's fists, feet and sticks appeared before Song Gaozong's eyes again. Song Gaozong felt a chill in his heart, so he ordered to kill these two people. When the government officials of Ying Tianfu went to Chen Dong's house to arrest him, Chen Dong was studying. As soon as he saw him, he knew what was going on.Chen Dong said, don't worry, I will definitely go with you, but I have to have a full meal first.He ordered his family to stir-fry the vegetables and heat the wine, and then poured himself a drink.After eating and drinking, Chen Dong said that he was going to go to the toilet, but the little official looked embarrassed, worried that he would take the opportunity to escape.Chen Dong laughed loudly, saying that I am a good man and a good man in doing things. If I say I will go with you, I will definitely go with you. Don't worry too much.In the end, Chen Dong was brought to Yingtian Mansion and executed shortly after.Later, Ouyang Che was also dealt with in the same way. The Song Dynasty was originally a dynasty with freedom of speech and open thinking, and did not kill scholar-bureaucrats or those who wrote letters.But the killing of Chen Dong and his wife set a bad example.Later, the reason why the peace faction was able to control the right to speak and suppress speech was related to this incident.Ancient Chinese people were divided into four classes, namely scholars, farmers, workers, and merchants.Song Gaozong forgot that Chen Dong was a student of the imperial court and represented the scholars; Ouyang Che was a commoner and represented the peasants, and beheading these two people offended both the scholars and the peasants.Moreover, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty did not go to welcome back the two saints for a long time, and did not want to restore the Central Plains, which chilled the hearts of Wang Yan, Wang Shan and other Central Plains patriots; Zong Ze three times shouted "cross the river" and died. The hearts of the generals; the main combat faction repeatedly asked Gaozong to come back, but Gaozong did not come back, which chilled the hearts of the resistance faction.Around Song Gaozong, there were only a group of peacemakers and eunuchs left. He was in an unprecedented state of isolation, and he really became a loner and a polished commander.When the country was in crisis, Song Gaozong offended all the people who shouldn't be offended, which was really unwise.Song Gaozong was in a state of insecurity, wary of anyone, and the huge shadow of his father and brother enveloped him. He survived day after day in such an environment, so we can understand Why did he do what he did afterwards.