Chapter 26 Part III Supplements of Grassland Shaman Culture-2

In September 1995, August 1996, and June 1997, I went to the places where the Ewenki lived for three consecutive years to conduct shamanic cultural investigations.Although these years of Ewenki Shaman culture investigations have accumulated some Shaman ceremony videos and collected many Shaman cultural relics, this does not mean that the Ewenki Shaman culture is in a period of prosperity and development. On the contrary, they are just cultural Results of collection and rescue. The memories of the old people often start with narrating the shamans of the past. These characters excavated from memory, as symbols of shaman culture, are a rare part of local memory no matter whether the stories about them are complete or true.

On September 15, 1995, we interviewed Haher, an expert on Ewenki culture, who was 69 years old at the time.He believes that "shaman" means "knowing everything" in the Evenki language.The shamans he remembered were: there was Bupuxin shaman in Zhalantun, male, who died before the Cultural Revolution.Du Haitang, female, died in the early days of liberation.There are also Huihe's deceased shaman Boji Lin Kai, Yijie Shaman, and Ajie Shaman (female).There is also the dead shaman Wu Yunhua.He remembered that Wu Yunhua was sick and crazy since she was a child, and the shaman who treated her said that she should be a shaman, so after being cured, she learned how to dance gods from the old shaman, and after studying for three years, she held the Aominan ceremony , and then became a shaman.He said that there are many ancestor gods, and according to the origin of the gods, they are divided into Gillian (clan) shaman and Daxon shaman.Tu Mingyang, who has often held ceremonies in recent years, is the second god, and his own father is also the second god.He also confirmed that there is a shaman named Mo Erqige, she is sixty-one or two years old, and the National People's Committee of the People's Republic of China has recorded her dancing.

On September 15, 1995, we visited Dai Fuxiang, who was 80 years old at the time.He introduced: My father's aunt is called Huobatai. When she was 21 or 2 years old, she became mentally ill and ran around. Since the hospital couldn't cure her, she was treated by a shaman.The shaman who treated the disease said that she had to be a shaman, otherwise she would not recover.But her husband didn't allow it until he was about to die, so he had no choice but to invite the shaman master to invite her gods. There were many gods invited at that time.The master shaman took her to dance together, jumping around, her own illness was cured, and later she performed the dance for others.She was very famous at that time, and her gods included bears, thunder, wind, etc., and people everywhere asked her to dance gods.She died in 1947 at the age of 73.She is a Draku shaman (wandering shaman).

The old man Dai Fuxiang said: "It is said that there is a shaman in the Alun River. Whenever he dances the gods, someone tells him something in his ear." Pull her, and she will dance the gods for you automatically. Her god clothes are made of leather, with iron objects on them, and there are boars, bears, horses, crows, wild ducks, swans, dogs, and wolves." "People say that the leader of the fox fairy It is the shaman who loves to have conflicts. If the first shaman the patient finds fails to cure the disease, then he finds the second shaman, and the later shaman cures the disease. There will be conflicts between the two shamans, and the first shaman will To take revenge."

We interviewed Mr. Bu Lingli at the Ancient Books Office of the League and Ethnic Affairs Commission. He introduced that there was a shaman named Aoyunhuaer who lived in Huisomu, Ewenki Autonomous Banner. He was born in 1920 and was from Duralhala.There is a shaman named Moerqige in the north team of Honghuaerji Town, female, fifty or sixty years old, blind, her master is her father, and her father died before becoming a shaman officially.So it's still an apprentice shaman.He also showed us Morchig's 1992 Tiaoshen video.Judging from the video, her hat looks like a Tang monk, and she is dancing gods indoors.At the beginning, she sang, today is a day of great auspiciousness, and the shaman invites God here.She sang and danced around, then passed out.After the great god passed out, the two gods sang to invite the shaman god.The female shaman boils the water with stones, milk, and shelled grains, beats the water with a drum, and the water becomes holy water. The shaman uses a broom to sprinkle the water to the crowd and to the sky.People tear open their collars to catch water, and sick children are also brought in. The shaman touches the children's heads and bodies with water and dusts them; the shaman also sprays the sick with water in his mouth.While dancing to the gods, she healed illnesses and sang: God bestows on you to recover from illness, have a bright future, and have a good destiny.The sacrifice in this ceremony is a sheep, and the shaman sings to the sheep: God blesses you, and the gods bless the six animals to prosper.Then pour wine and milk on the sheep, and people kowtow to the idols and shamans.

According to Bu Lingli, Niu La has been studying shaman for several years, and her father took her to choose the Tiaoshen in the mountain where Fengshui is treasured. She is not at her husband's house.In the Ewenki nationality, the female surname is not passed on to her husband's family, but only to her mother's family, and to her brothers, nephews and nieces.The ceremony for her to become an official shaman was held in front of her father's grave, and her father's god was received by dancing gods.At that time, there was a presiding shaman, and he said, you are now an official shaman, and only by taking over your father's god can you walk on the right path.The master shaman is called the mother shaman, and the apprentice is called the son shaman. They are called mother and child.Ominan sacrifices are held once a year, with two branches added to the god's hat, and Niula holds four Ominan rituals, with nine prongs on the god's hat.There are 18 cloth strips hanging on Niula's hat, representing the children of God, nine men and nine women.It took Niura shaman eight years from learning shaman to becoming an apprentice.His second god is Maxim, and her god should be passed on to her nephew Rajmir, but no, it seems that it must be passed on to Rajmir's son.Not yet.

On the afternoon of June 6, 1997, we interviewed Tu Mingyang, who was 68 years old at the time.He remembered the Pingguo shaman, who died in 1962; he also remembered the local Huangge shaman, who was very famous and died before the Cultural Revolution. On June 26, 1997, we interviewed He Xiuzhi, former deputy director of the Cultural Bureau of Oroqen Banner.She was born in 1934.She said: My grandfather was a famous Hong shaman. After my grandfather died, my cousin took over his shaman. My cousin passed away in 1980.My grandfather is also a shaman, and his ability and reputation are not as great as my grandfather. After my grandfather died, my aunt took over as his shaman.My aunt did not act as a shaman for public healing, nor did the Ominan ceremony, but was just a butu shaman.There is also a kind of "Na Mi Ren" which is used to treat sick mother gods. "Na Mi Ren" is specially used to treat smallpox, chickenpox, measles and other diseases. My mother, grandma, and elder sister are all "Na Mi Ren".

He Xiuzhi also said: When I was young, I saw many Aominan ceremonies, including my cousin's, sister's and other shaman activities in my family.My cousin invited Dai Fuxiang's grandma for the Aominan ceremony. She is called "Hua Shaman".In the Aominan ceremony, it is important to invite all the gods. My cousin forgot to invite the gods of the Daur people when he danced the gods, so he passed out and was unconscious.It wasn't until the flower shaman invited the gods that my cousin woke up.When my cousin danced the gods, my grandfather's spirit possessed him, and my cousin was very painful, sweating and groaning.The grandfather was shot and died, and the cousin showed the pain of the grandfather when he was shot.After the land reform, my cousin stopped dancing.