Chapter 28 remnants of hungary

The Hungarians, or Magyars (as they prefer to call themselves), being descendants of the Mongols, were the only Mongols to have rooted themselves in continental Europe and established their own kingdoms, and they were very proud of their ethnicity, But their distant relatives, the Finns, have always been their vassals.Perhaps in their present tragedy the belligerence shown by Hungary was quite unnecessary; but it is no wonder that Hungary, as a natural barrier against the invasion of the Turks, has made an important contribution to the rest of Europe. undeniable fact.It was precisely because of the importance of Hungary as a buffer state that the Pope promoted Stephen, the leader of the Magyars Appointed him as King of the Hungarian Empire.

When the Turks wanted to run rampant in Europe, Hungary refused the door of Europe.The first line of defense in Europe is Hungary. Once this line of defense is destroyed by the enemy, there is the second line of defense in Poland.Under the leadership of John Hunyadi (a military leader of the Kingdom of Hungary, about 1407-1456——Translator’s Note), a Vladik nobleman of modest birth, Hungary became a place in order to maintain religious orthodoxy. A true defender.However, the great plain on both sides of the Tisza and the Danube, so vast that the Tatar cavalry were so fascinated by it and lingered on it, and then lived in peace and contentment, has now become the source of civil strife.

It is easier for powerful people to grow in a vast geographical environment, and then to enslave their neighbors, because such an environment is neither close to mountains nor to the sea, where can poor farmers escape? Because of such a geographical environment, Hungary became a kingdom of big landowners.These big landowners, far from the central government, mistreated the peasants of their lands so cruelly that soon the oppressed no longer cared whether they were Turks or Magyars. In 1526, when Sultan Suleiman I marched westward, facing the Muslim invasion, the last king of Hungary recruited only 25,000 resisters. 25,000 Hungarians were almost wiped out on the Great Plains of Mohács, and 24,000 people were killed. The king himself and his princes and ministers also died in battle. There were more than 100,000 Hungarians who were taken to Constantinople. , were bought by slave traders in Asia Minor.The Turks annexed most of the territory of Hungary, and the Austrian Habsburg family took the rest. For this unfortunate land, the Muslims launched a protracted tug-of-war with the Habsburg family until At the beginning of the 18th century, the Habsburg family took all the territory of Hungary as their own, and the two sides stopped.

However, the flames of war did not stop there.In order to resist the enslavement of the Germans and to gain independence, the curtain of a new round of war has been opened again. This war of independence and freedom has been fought for 200 years.The Hungarians won their independence by bravery. Of course, it was only a formal independence, conditional independence.The Hungarians obtained a certain right to rule, and at the same time, the Austrian emperor also served as the king of Hungary, ruling Hungary according to the Pope's will. However, the Magyars believed that this hard-won power belonged to them alone, so as soon as Hungary was freed from foreign slavery, the Magyars began to impose national oppression on the heads of various non-Magyar peoples.Due to this national oppressive policy, the Hungarians showed their short-sightedness and lack of rationality. Soon, there was a situation of defection, and the Vösseler Management Council had to take over Hungary.During the trusteeship, the Hungarians themselves realized that although Hungary was an ancient papal state, the population had plummeted from 21 million to 8 million, and 75% of the territory had been ceded to those who deserved it. neighbors.

The former glory of Hungary has been cast a shadow because of all these, and it can be regarded as "sick and sympathetic" with the isolated city of Austria.Hungary cannot be regarded as an industrial country at all. The large Hungarian landowners are not used to the smell of smoke and cannot bear the large chimneys that are indispensable in factories.As a result, the Hungarian Great Plain still maintains the tradition of an agricultural country, and its proportion of agricultural land is higher than that of any other country.Since generations have worked intensively, Hungary should be a rich country, but in fact, it is poor and poor, and the people are in dire straits.From 1896 to 1910 alone, as many as 1 million Hungarians immigrated to leave their homeland.

Why is the issue of race so entangled and embarrassing to this dying nation?The Magyars knew best, so they also poured into the fleeing team. After a long journey, they traveled across the ocean. Many people came to America to participate in the construction of our United States.There are also some data showing that in countries where a small group of feudal landowners ruled, what happened to Hungary also appeared, but it was not as serious as Hungary. Before the Turkish Wars began in the early 16th century, about 5 million people lived on the Hungarian Great Plains, which was a thriving area at the time.Later, it was occupied by the Turks, whose population was reduced to 3 million during their rule of less than 200 years.Finally, when the Hungarians drove the Turks out of Pusztau (the Magyar name for this plain), the plain was already sparsely populated and deserted, so residents from various countries in Central Europe came to seize the unowned land .However, the Magyar aristocrats believed that they, the noble knights, were the natural owners of this land, and therefore refused to grant any rights they had to the new immigrants.The new immigrants already accounted for half of the population of Hungary, but they were a disenfranchised class, and naturally they could not feel any real patriotism for their new homeland.

Because of this, during the World War, Hungarians had a deep understanding of the contradictions within the nation and the lack of national cohesion.And all this eventually led to the sudden disintegration of the dual imperial power system, just like a century-old house suddenly collapsed by an earthquake.Is this just an accidental ending?