Chapter 19 The third section of the official system of the Jin Dynasty

At the beginning of the founding of the Jin Dynasty, the Bo Ji Lie system was implemented.Bojilie is a Jurchen language, which means "governing the people". According to the Manchurians, it is a different translation of the word "Beile" in the Qing Dynasty, that is, an official.Jin Taizu took the capital (total) Bo Jilie as the emperor, and Taizong took the position of master (noble) Bo Jilie.Secondly, there are Guolun (gui) Bojilie (equivalent to the prime minister) and left and right Guolun Bojilie (equivalent to the left and right ministers), all of which are the most important officials of the government.The officials of the various ministries are called Bo Jin, and the leader of several ministries is called Hulu.Later, with the expansion of the jurisdiction, the official system of the Jin Dynasty also continued to change.After Jin Xizong ascended the throne, the Bojilie system was abolished, and the Liao and Song official systems were fully adopted.There are three masters (Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao), three princes (Taiwei, Situ, and Sikong), three provinces, six ministries, Yushitai, Marshal's Mansion, Dazong Zhengfu, Imperial Academy, Taichang Temple, etc.It is worth noting that the three provinces are not separated from each other. The status of the Menxia and Zhongshu provinces is lower than that of the Shangshu province, and the officials of the Shangshu province are also concurrently serving as the chief.In fact, Shangshu Province is in power, and Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province are subordinate to Shangshu Province.It was not until the official system was reformed in the first year of Hailing Wang Zhenglong (AD 1156) that the official system of the Jin Dynasty was roughly fixed.The settings are as follows:

An important feature of the central organization is that there are no three provinces, and the highest administrative body is Shangshu and one province.Shangshu Province has a Shangshuling, which is the highest chief executive; the left and right prime ministers and Pingzhang political affairs (once abolished) are equivalent to prime ministers; the left and right prime ministers and Shenzhi political affairs are equivalent to deputy prime ministers.However, the status of Shangshu Ling was too high, and it gradually evolved into an honorary title. It was Prime Minister Zuo who really led the Shangshu Province.Shangshu Province is divided into left and right divisions, each with Langzhong, Yuanwailang, and Dushi, who are in charge of the affairs of the left and right divisions.The six ministers are Shangshu, and there are Shilang, Langzhong and Yuanwailang under them.If there are major changes in the local area, the Shangshu Province will send an agency to the local area, called Xingtai Shangshu Province, also referred to as the province.In the second year of Tiande (1150 A.D.), it was dismissed for a while, but it was restored soon.Xingtai Shangshu Province has the same officials as Shangshu Province, but does not set orders, and the rank is also lower than Shangshu Province.

Other central institutions can be roughly divided into five categories. The first category is military-related institutions.The Privy Council is the highest military institution, the chief is the Privy Council envoy, and there are deputy envoys, who sign the Privy Council affairs, and sign the Privy Council affairs together.The Privy Council and the Ministry of War of Shangshu Province have mutual restraints. The Privy Council is the commanding body of the army, and the Ministry of War is the management agency of military and political affairs.In general, the Privy Council is under the control of Shangshu Province.The commander of the military guards is responsible for guarding the capital, and the chief is the commander of the capital.The inspection department in front of the palace is responsible for guarding the court, and the chief inspector is the inspection department in front of the palace.The Military Weapons Supervisor is in charge of repairing and repairing weapons, and the chief is the Military Weapons Supervisor.

The second category is institutions related to supervision, advice and justice.The Yushitai is the highest supervisory institution, the chief is the Yushi doctor, and the deputy is the Yushi Zhongcheng.There are censors serving under the censor, censors serving the book, censors serving the palace, and supervisory censors.Dengwen Procuratorate, first attached to Yushitai, responsible for reporting to the emperor the improper handling of Shangshu Province and Yushitai.Dengwen Drum Academy, also attached to Yushitai at the beginning, was responsible for reporting to the emperor the improper handling of Yushitai and Dengwen Procuratorate.Each of the two courts has a prefect and a co-prefect.In the second year of Zhangzong Mingchang (AD 1191), Dengwen Procuratorate and Dengwen Drum Institute were separated from Yushitai and became independent institutions.The Court of Admonishment is an institution responsible for admonishing the emperor, including left and right admonishing doctors, left and right admonishers, left and right collections, and left and right supplements.The trial court is responsible for refuting the mistakes in the appointment of officials, and set up Zhiyuan and Tongzhiyuan.Dali Temple is responsible for judicial punishment and prison, which is the same as that of the Song Dynasty.

The third category is institutions related to economy and finance.During Jin Zhangzong's time, the Ministry of Household Affairs was independent from Shangshu Province, renamed the Sansi, and became the highest financial institution. The chief was the envoy of the Sansi.The Department of Advising Farmers is the institution in charge of agriculture, and the chief is the Department of Advising Farmers. During Xuanzong's reign, it was changed to the Department of Agriculture.Taifujian is the institution in charge of the country's financial resources.The Shaofu Supervisor is an institution in charge of handicraft production.The Metropolitan Water Supervision is an institution in charge of water conservancy projects and other affairs.Each prison has officers such as supervisors and young supervisors.

The fourth category is institutions related to etiquette, enlightenment, and civil affairs.There are Taichang Temple in charge of rites, music and sacrifices, Xuanhui Academy in charge of court meetings, banquets, palace etiquette and supervision of imperial meals, National History Academy in charge of compiling national history, Guozijian in charge of schools, secretary supervisor in charge of classics and books, and school translation Hongwen Academy of classics and history.Most of the officials in these institutions are the same as those in Liao and Song Dynasties. The fifth category is institutions serving the emperor's family.Dazong Zhengfu is the institution in charge of the affairs of the Wanyan royal family. It set up officials such as Dazong Zhengfu, and it was changed to Damuqinfu during Jin Zhangzong.The Weiwei Division is an institution in charge of affairs in the queen's palace, with Zhongweiwei, deputy lieutenants, left and right constant servants, etc.The palace master's mansion is an official office specially set up for the crown prince. There are three princes, three wives and three young masters, and a Zhan Shiyuan under it.

In the Jin Dynasty, the localities were divided into four levels: roads, prefectures, prefectures, and counties.There are nineteen roads, divided into roads named after Beijing and ordinary roads.Jinzhi Wujing: Zhongdu (now Beijing), Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), Beijing (now Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia), Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi).The left-behind department named after these capitals is in charge of the government affairs of the road, and there are left-behind, Tongzhi left-behind, deputy left-behind and other officials.He also set up a procuratorate, in charge of judicial supervision along the way, and set up envoys and deputy envoys.The military and horse capital is in charge of the mansion, in charge of all the soldiers and horses, and there are officials such as the chief of the capital and the deputy chief of the capital.The general road is only set up with the governor's office, which is in charge of the military and administration along the way.The government office of Lu is called the Fu, and the Fu Yin, Tong Zhi, Shao Yin and other officials are set up in the Fu.Jin’s local official system is relatively complicated. The first level is the left-behind division of Zhujing who stays behind and leads the governor of the local government and the chief of the soldiers and horses. for the third level.The prefectures are divided into Jiezhen Prefecture, Defensive Prefecture, and Cishi Prefecture. Jiedu Envoy, Defense History, and Cishi Prefecture are respectively appointed as the chief officers, who are in charge of the military and administration of a state.At the county level, there are Ling, Cheng, Zhubu, Wei, etc.Towns, cities, forts, and fortresses similar to counties have their own towns, cities, forts, and fortresses, all of which are junior officials of the seventh rank.Inspections are set up at the Guanjin intersection, which is responsible for inspecting traitors, fakes and thieves.

In parallel with the prefectures and counties is the Meng'an Mouke system.Meng'an Mouke is an organization that combines military and political affairs within the Jurchen.Before the founding of the Kingdom of Jin, Meng'an was the title of a tribe and tribal leader, and Mouk was the title of a clan and clan leader.The adult men of each tribe give birth on weekdays and participate in wars.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Jurchen army was commanded step by step by Meng'an (thousand commander) and Moke (centurion commander).In the vast area south of Yanshan Mountain and north of Huailong River, Meng'an Mouke households practiced dictation of the land, kept the land, cultivated when they had nothing to do, and fought when they had something to do.Meng'an and Mouke were both military leaders and chief executives.After Xuanzong, Meng'an Mouk gradually disintegrated.