Chapter 8 The third section of the new official system

The New Dynasty (9-23 A.D.) was established by Wang Mang who usurped the Han.Wang Mang made it easier for the official system of the Western Han Dynasty.The central officials mainly include Sangong, Jiuqing, and Liujian.Sangong refers to Da Sima, Da Situ, and Da Sikong.Also set up three Guqing, that is, Da Sima Siyun, Da Situ Sizhi, and Da Sikong Siruo.At the same time, Dasinong was renamed as Xihe (later renamed Nayan), Dali as Zuoshi, Taichang as Zhizong, Dahonglu as Dianyue, Shaofu as Gonggong, and Shuiheng Duwei as Yuyu.Officials such as Nayan and Sanguqing are collectively called Jiuqing, which belong to Sangong.Each of the Jiuqing has three senior officials, and each major official has three senior scholars. There are 27 senior officials and 81 senior officials, who are responsible for the political affairs of various departments.In addition, Guang Luxun was renamed Sizhong, Tai Pu was renamed Taiyu, Weiwei was renamed Taiwei, Zhijinwu was renamed Fenwu, and Lieutenant was renamed Junzheng.Also set up a big superintendent, who is in charge of supplying the imperial government and clothing, and also has the responsibility of pawning soldiers.The six supervisors refer to Sizhong, Taiyu, Taiwei, Fenwu, Junzheng, and Dazhu, all of whom are Shangqing.Local officials are divided into two levels: county and county.In the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (AD 9), the prefect of the county was changed to Dayin, the captain of the county was changed to Dawei, and the magistrate and chief of the county were changed to Zai.Five years later, it was changed again, "Setting the soldiers as Zheng, Lian Shui, and Dayin, as the prefect; belonging to the order, belonging to the chief, as the captain" ("Han Shu Wang Mang Biography").The censor in the Western Han Dynasty called it law enforcement in the new dynasty, and he also bought embroidered clothes to enforce the law, and sent him to the county to rectify the law.The titles of titles are restored to the titles of Duke, Marquis, Bo, Zi, and Nan, as well as Pi, Ren, and Fucheng. Compared with the Western Han Dynasty, there are really many names.Official ranks are divided into Shushi, Corporal, Zhongshi, Mingshi, Yuanshi, Xiadafu, Zhongdafu, Shangdafu, Qingjiu and so on.

The characteristics of the official system of the new dynasty are summarized in the "Han Shu" as "obeying the ancient officials". Indeed, the official system of the new dynasty has a strong tendency to go back to the old.Therefore, after the demise of the new dynasty, this official system was also abolished.However, Wang Mang's reform of the official system stipulated that the "nine ministers belong to the three princes" method was absorbed by the official system of the Eastern Han Dynasty.