Chapter 33 Section 7 Bohai Sea, Khitan, Nanzhao and Tubo

In the frontier areas of the Tang and Five Dynasties, there were also some relatively important independent regimes, all of which had political, economic, and cultural ties with the Central Plains, including Bohai and Khitan in the northeastern frontier and Nanzhao and Tubo in the southwest [ bo broadcast] etc. The Bohai Sea was built by the Mohe [mohe Mohe] tribe, located in Sumoshui (Songhua River) and Huhan River (now Mudanjiang). Its leader, Da Zuorong, established himself as the king of Zhen, and was later named Bohai County King and Huhan by the Tang Dynasty. Governor of the state, and later Zhen Guo was called Bohai State.In its heyday, there were 15 prefectures and 62 prefectures in the five capitals. The capital, Shangjing Longquan Mansion, was located in Tokyo City, Ning'an County, Heilongjiang, and had close economic and cultural contacts with the Tang Dynasty.Later it was destroyed by Khitan.

Khitan is a group of Xianbei herdsmen in the territory of Tang Songhan Dudufu.Under the leadership of their outstanding leader A Baoji, they unified the eight tribes to form a country named Khitan, and gradually expanded outward.In the Five Dynasties and Later Tang Dynasty, Shi Jingtang obtained the help of Khitan on the condition of cede land, be called a minister, and be called a son, and was able to ascend the throne of the Later Jin Dynasty.He died of illness not long after, and his nephew succeeded to the throne. Because of his disrespect, the Khitan went south and plundered Kaifeng, the capital of Jin, and encountered strong resistance from the people.Yelu Deguang, Lord of Khitan, was still wearing Han clothes in Kaifeng, receiving congratulations from all officials, and changed the name of the country to Liao from this year (947 A.D.).He died soon after, and his coffin was escorted back north by his son Wu Yu.After Liao acquired the land cut by the later Jin Dynasty, it further accepted the culture of the Central Plains and became a huge force in the competition for the Central Plains.

The political center of Nanzhao is now Dali, Yunnan. It was originally called Mengshezhao, and it was one of the six Zhaozhao composed of Wuman and Baiman at that time.Six edicts refer to the six slave-owner regimes, among which Nanzhao is the strongest, and Nanzhao is the name of the country after merging all the edicts.The capital is Taihe City (now Dali South Taihe Village, Yunnan).The Tang Dynasty once named its leader, Piluo Pavilion, the King of Yunnan. The Nanzhao administrative district imitated the Tang system and divided the country into six Jiedu districts including Nongdong, Tuodong, Huichuan, and Jianchuan, and two governor districts, Huichuan and Tonghai. There are many characters with lids (or written as 赕, [贝佥]) in place names.Some consider it equivalent to a state.Although Nanzhao and Tang often had some conflicts, the exchanges of resources, skills, and cultural talents have strengthened the friendly relationship between the people, which is the mainstream of the relationship between the two.

Tubo is the name of the Tibetan regime in ancient China. At the beginning of the 7th century, Zanpu (meaning king) Songtsen Gampo established a unified country, all in Luoxie (today's Lhasa).The king of Tubo once proposed to Tang, so there is a good story about Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng marrying far away twice.Although there was also a battle between Qinghai and Dafeichuan (southwest of Qinghai Lake) and a struggle for the four towns of Anxi (Qiuci, Shule, Khotan, and Yanqi), but compared to the "hetong as one family" (For the words of the Tubo monarch on Xuanzong's table, see "Old Tang Book Biography of Tubo"), it is temporary.In the first year of Changqing (821 A.D.) of Emperor Muzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tubo monarch asked for an alliance, and he sent people to form an alliance in Luoxie the following year. The Monument of Uncle and League still stands in front of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. The unity and friendship between the Han and Tibetan people is the mainstream of historical development.