Chapter 32 Section VI Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

After the mid-Tang Dynasty, after the Anshi Rebellion, the society was in turmoil, and the people were in dire straits, but the ruling class tried to use warlords of all sizes to suppress the people.The People's Uprising Army led by Huang Chao and others suffered setbacks, and the vassals and towns were separated, which brought greater pain to the people.In 907 AD, Zhu Quanzhong usurped the throne of the Tang Dynasty, and established the Liang Dynasty with Kaifeng (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), where the Xuanwu Jiedushi was ruled, as the capital.Before and after, the powerful warlords were fighting for the throne of the Central Plains, while the weaker ones formed a separatist regime in the surrounding areas. This is the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in history.

"Five Dynasties" refers to the Houliang (AD 907-923), Later Tang (AD 923-936), Later Jin (AD 936-946), Later Han (AD 947-950), Later Zhou (AD 951), which appeared successively in the Central Plains. —960) five dynasties; "Ten Kingdoms" refers to Fangfang and the Hedong area, and 10 successively established Wu, Nantang, Wuyue, Chu, Fujian, Southern Han, Former Shu, Later Shu, Jingnan (Nanping), and Northern Han separatist regime.In addition, there were several smaller separatist regimes at that time. For example, in August of the first year of Qianhua in the Later Liang Dynasty (911 A.D.), Liu Shouguang separatist from Youzhou, arrogated to be Emperor Dayan, and changed his name to Yingtian, which is one of them.

During the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the Khitan forces in the north became stronger and stronger, and took advantage of the separatist regime in the Central Plains to continuously attack and plunder southward.In 936 A.D., Shi Jingtang, the envoy of Hedong Jiedu in the Later Tang Dynasty, openly sent You (today's Beijing), Ji (today's Jixian), Ying (today's Hejian), Mo (today's north of Renqiu), Zhuo (today's Zhuozhou), Tan (now Miyun), Shun (now Shunyi), Xin (now Zhuolu), Gui [guigui] (now Huailai), Confucianism (now Yanqing), Wu (now Xuanhua), Yun (now Datong), Ying ( Sixteen prefectures, including present-day Ying County), Huan (now northeast of Shuozhou City), Shuo (now Shuozhou City), and Wei (now Yuxian County), were ceded to Khitan in exchange for the title of "Emperor Son". .The loss of Youyun sixteen prefectures made the Liao and Song Dynasties finally draw Baigou as the boundary, forming a confrontation between the north and the south, which lasted for more than 180 years.During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the local administrative system and construction basically followed the Tang system, and the place names of administrative districts did not change much.