Chapter 27 Section 1 The counties and states of the Sui Dynasty

In 577 AD, the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed Qi and unified the north. In 581, Yang Jian replaced Zhou and established the Sui Dynasty, known as Emperor Wen of Sui. In 586, he crossed the river and destroyed Chen, finally reunifying the long-term confrontation between the north and the south. The capital city of the Sui Dynasty was still in Chang'an, but the Sui Dynasty built another Daxing City next to Longshou Mountain in the south of the old city as the capital, and took Luoyang as Tokyo, which was later renamed the Eastern Capital. Go back to Luo and wait for the warehouse to store food.The status of Luoyang is more important than that of Daxing, so the capital was moved here in the first year of Daye (605 A.D.).

After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, the major problem faced was the rectification and reform of the administrative regions.At that time, in the Southern Dynasties, "the land was divided repeatedly, or one county and one county were divided into four or five, and there were urgent separations and reunions in the four or five, and thousands of changes were made, and the coincidence of the calendar was not counted." Officials have no homes, and only send them to villages” (quoted from the prefectural annals of Songshu and Nanqishu respectively).The situation in the Northern Dynasties is as mentioned above, "a city with a hundred households will establish the name of the state, and the people of three households will be empty Zhang County" ("Northern Qi Book · Wenxuan Emperor Ji").Such a mess, how to carry out administrative affairs?Therefore, the Sui Dynasty had to make drastic reforms.During the reign of Emperor Wen, "save and go to leisure, and make the small ones big", dismiss all counties in the world ("Sui Shu · Yang Shangxi Biography"), counting more than 500; change the third-level administrative districts to the second-level administrative districts, that is, the second-level administrative districts of prefectures and counties. Hierarchy.During Emperor Yangdi's reign, the prefecture was changed to a county, and the two-level system of county and county was implemented.As far as the counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Beijing are concerned, they belonged to the Northern Qi Dynasty first. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed Qi, some adjustments have been made to the current political area of ​​Qi.By the time of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, except for the three counties that belonged to other counties, all the urban areas belonged to Zhuo County at that time.The seat of Zhuo County was Ji, which was the seat of the old Yan County. After Yan County merged with Fanyang County, the name of Zhuo from Fanyang County was used as the name of the new county. It is easy to misunderstand that the center of Zhuo County is now Zhuozhou City.Today's Zhuozhou City was called Zhuo County, but it was only a sub-county of Zhuo County.

The newly added counties in the Sui Dynasty were Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan, Qiemo, and Yiwu. They were formed after the Sui Dynasty eliminated the Tuyu (Tuyu) Hun (also known as Tuhun) regime on the present Qinghai Plateau. It was established when the Turks were in decline.In the past, "Turks and Tuhuns divided the kingdoms of the Qiang and Hu and supported them, but the tribute was blocked" ("Sui Shu Biography of Pei Ju").Now the obstacles between the Western Regions and the Central Plains have been removed, the connection between the frontier and the interior has been strengthened, and obstacles have been cleared for the smooth flow of the "Silk Road".This Xihai County is located in the west of Qinghai Lake today, and the location of Xihai County in Xinmang and Cao Wei is different, so it should not be confused.

It should also be mentioned that Taiwan, the treasure island of the motherland, also strengthened its ties with the mainland at this time.In the Sui and Tang dynasties, Taiwan was called Ryukyu, and it has been part of China's territory since ancient times, as recorded in many ancient books.During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu sent people to settle here, and more and more people from the mainland moved here. "Sui Shu·Chen Leng Biography" records that the imperial court once sent people to "comfort", and the Ryukyu people "often traded in the army". The "Sui Shu·Geography" compiled by the Tang people still described the prefectures and counties of the Sui Dynasty according to the Kyushu in "Yu Gong". In fact, there was no political division of Kyushu at that time.There is no clear record of the supervision area in the Sui Dynasty. It is only known that there was a doctor of Silitai who was in charge of patrolling; Chronicles).There is no record of whether these 14 people were patrolling in different areas.

At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the system of prefectures and counties was implemented for 16 years, and then it was changed to the system of prefectures and counties for 19 years.However, in the Tang Dynasty, the prefecture and county system was changed again. Among them, only the prefecture and county system was changed for 15 years during the Tianbao period, and then the prefecture was changed into a prefecture, and the prefecture no longer appeared in the administrative district. It can be seen that the role of the Sui Dynasty is greater than that of the past. .